Orientador: Marilena Aparecida Jorge Guedes de Camargo / Banca: Lindamir Cardoso Vieira Oliveira / Banca: Theresa Maria de Freitas Adrião / Resumo: Esta pesquisa investiga o processo de elaboração do Regimento Escolar em Escolas Estaduais da Diretoria de Ensino de Bauru-SP, partindo do contexto da política educacional do fim da década de 1980 e início da década de 1990; dos princípios educacionais de autonomia e gestão democrática presentes na Constituição Federal de 1988, da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional nº 9.394/96 e do documento denominado Normas Regimentais Básicas Para as Escolas Estaduais, que serviram de referência para que cada escola elaborasse seu Regimento próprio a partir do ano de 1998. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em identificar no Regimento de Escolas Estaduais em que medida estas superaram o que prescrevia o documento Normas Regimentais Básicas para as Escolas Estaduais, e o que os pontos analisados sugerem a respeito da autonomia escolar. Para o seu desenvolvimento utilizou-se a metodologia de investigação qualitativa, realizada por meio de dois procedimentos de coleta e análise de dados: no primeiro momento, foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico e documental, com consulta às obras e demais estudos que tratam da questão da autonomia e da autonomia escolar, bem como a legislação e demais documentações referentes ao tema. No segundo momento, foi realizada a coleta de dados referentes às escolas e alguns pontos do seu funcionamento, por meio de um questionário aplicado diretamente aos diretores, além da aquisição da cópia do Regimento de cada escola, cópia da ata de aprovação do Regimento pelo Conselho de Escola e cópia do Parecer da Supervisão Escolar. Ao final, concluiu-se que as escolas alteraram muito pouco do que prescreviam as Normas Regimentais Básicas, e que os pontos modificados sugerem também muito pouco com relação à autonomia das escolas, devido a dois fatores principais:... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research investigates the process of drafting the Rules Elementary Schools in the State Board of Education of Bauru-SP, on the context of the educational policy of the end of the 80 and beginning of the 90, the educational principles of autonomy an democratic management in the Federal Constituition of 1988; in the National Education Laws of Policies in Bases nº 9.394/96, and the document called Basic Standards Rules for States Schools, which served as a reference for each school draw up its own rules, from the year 1998. The objective of this study is to identify schools in the Rules of State, to what extent they overcame what prescribed the document "Basic Standards Rules for State Schools", and suggest that the points discussed on school autonomy. For the development of this work was used a methodology of qualitative research, conducted through two procedures for collecting and analyzing data: the first time, it made a documentary and bibliographical survey, consultation with the works and other studies that deal with the issue of and autonomy of school autonomy as well as legislation an other documentation relating to the subject. The second time, it performed the collection of data on schools and some points of this operation, using a questionnaire applied directly to directors, in addition to the acquisition of a copy of the Rules of each school, a copy of minutes of the Rules adopted by the Council of School and copy of the opinion of the School Supervision. In the end, it was concluded that schools changed very little of what prescribed the Basic Standards Rules, and the modified points also suggest very little about autonomy of schools, due to two main factors: the extremely authoritarian and centralized context of the time, and mobilization of small schools to break with that situation. / Mestre

The large amount of data accumulated by applications is stored in a database. Because of the large amount, name conflicts or missing values sometimes occur. This prevents certain types of analysis. In this work, we solve the name conflict problem by comparing the similarity of the data, and changing the test data into the form of a given template dataset. Studies on data use many methods to discover knowledge from a given dataset. One popular method is association rules mining, which can find associations between items. This study unifies the incomplete data based on association rules. However, most rules based on traditional association rules mining are item-to-item rules, which is a less than perfect solution to the problem. The data recovery system is based on complex association rules able to find two more types of association rules, prefix pattern-to-item, and suffix pattern-to-item rules. Using complex association rules, several missing values are filled in. In order to find the frequent prefixes and frequent suffixes, this system used FP-tree to reduce the time, cost and redundancy. The segment phrases method can also be used for this system, which is a method based on the viscosity of two words to split a sentence into several phrases. Additionally, methods like data compression and hash map were used to speed up the search.

In the last 100 years, vast technological and communicational changes have occurred in all modes of transportation, with momentous changes to the carriage of cargo by sea. In response, the shipping industry has attempted to codify, at the international level, regulations and standards with the aim of providing a safe environment at sea. In turn, the shipping industry’s regulations impact upon the way sea carriage is performed. The obligation of seaworthiness is no exception. The requisite standard of seaworthiness is also, to a limited extent, governed by the shipping indsutry’s regulations. It is notable that the shipping industry’s regulations cannot keep pace with technological developments and they therefore lag behind the latest inventions. This creates an imbalance in the risk borne between the parties to the contract of carriage. Accordingly, the current law on seaworthiness requires modification in order to keep up with the technological evolution in the shipping industry. For such reasons, the Rotterdam Rules and its provisions on seaworthiness, were agreed. This thesis focuses on the scope of the provisions that relate to the obligation of seaworthiness in the Rotterdam Rules as compared to the parallel obligation in the existing regime under the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules. In order to ascertain whether the new convention provides a sound system to govern the law relating to seaworthiness, it is necessary to deal with the carrier’s obligation of seaworthiness under the Rotterdam Rules as compared to the widely used regime of the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules. However, the Rotterdam Rules introduce additional changes to the regime governing the carriage of goods; for example, multimodal transport. These changes are also considered in this study. This thesis discusses the impact of multimodal carriage on the obligation and liability of seaworthiness. It proposes that a multimodality approach should not be used with particular types of sea carriage; for example, container carriage. Throughout the thesis, proposals for both regimes concerning changes to areas where the risk between the contracting parties is imbalanced are provided. This inevitably involves a detailed study on the provisions relating to the obligation of exercising due diligence (and related potential liabilities in case of breach) under the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules and the Rotterdam Rules.

No description available.

Introduction: Coagulopathy in trauma increases the likelihood of death. Various approaches to correcting this coagulopathy are being investigated but the decision to use them is often haphazard. The guidelines on their use are limited. This project aims to produce a decision rule to rule in the need for massive transfusion in military trauma, and therefore to rule in the use of methods for treating the coagulopathy of trauma.Methods: A Delphi Study was performed to ascertain which variables a panel of experts felt were most predictive of the need for massive transfusion. This encompassed experts for the fields of emergency medicine, critical care, trauma surgery, pre-hospital care and haematology. Data from the British Defence Joint Theatre Trauma Registry, from January 2007 –July 2010 were obtained and divided into two groups to provide a derivation and validation dataset. Blood timings for people receiving 5 or more units were obtained from clinical records. Regression analysis of potential predictive factors either indicated by the Delphi panel or by literature review were analysed to confirm their value in prediction of Massive Blood Transfusion. A range of clinical prediction rules were produced using parameters deemed appropriate by the Delphi panel and shown to be predictive through regression analysis. Three of these models were then tested in the validation dataset.Results: Ethical approval has been found not to be required following decisions by the relevant military and civilian ethical boards. The Delphi panel was conducted over 3 rounds with a panel of 33 members. Response rates of 94%, 80% and 77% were achieved in rounds 1, 2, and 3 respectively. 195 statements were produced; agreement was achieved at the 80% level in 97 (49.7%) of statements.Regression analysis produced multiple factors that were highly predictive of Massive Blood Transfusion. These were formulated into 22 potential rules combining evidence of injury, clinical observations and pre-hospital care received to produce rules with high sensitivity and specificity. Overall 3 rules were deemed to provide the best balance of sensitivity and specificity, while remaining clinically valid. These were then validated, in a second dataset. The simplest of these rules has a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 85.5% with an AUROC of 0.907 in the derivation dataset. In the validation dataset sensitivity improved to 87.65% with a specificity of 80.45% with an AUROC curve of 0.91.Discussion: A clinical decision tool which ruled in the use of a massive transfusion protocol allowing early and aggressive resuscitation, and early provision of blood products, would result in better care for severely injured military trauma patients. Although several prediction models are available, they all require either weighted parameters or blood tests so limiting their utility. Further, sensitivity and specificity is poor. This project, through the use of expert opinion, and the production of a validated decision rule, has provided such a tool with improved sensitivity over the currently available prediction models. By using consensus from a Delphi panel, it is hoped that any tool will be acceptable to clinicians therefore improving quality of care. This rule now needs to be assessed prospectively for validity, ease of use and clinical acceptance.

No abstract available. Copyright / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

This study sought to identify problems concerning Pan South African Language Board spelling rules in respect of Tshivenga orthography. A qualitative descriptive research method was chosen. The study population consisted of Pan South African Language Board spelling rules. The rules dealt with nine indigenous languages that were Tshivenga, isiZulu, Siswati, Sesotho, Setswana, Xitsonga, isiXhosa, isiNdebele and Sesotho sa Leboa. Each of the nine indigenous languages had between 12 and 56 rules. Altogether there were 255 rules which constituted the study population of this project. A small but sufficient sample of about twenty rules in Tshivenga orthography was selected. Data were collected by means of unstructured interviews with forty-four purposely selected participants which include linguists as well as document analysis. Ethical considerations were ensured in order to protect participants from any harm or discomfort that might arise from being involved in an investigation. The researcher explained the aim and nature of the study to respondents, to get their informed consent before the interviews. Several strategies to prevent defects, challenges and problems in Tshivenga orthography were recommended based on the results. The strategies focused on aspects which deal with spelling and orthography rules.

No description available.

<p> A critical survey of the important features and characteristics of some existing Text-to-Speech Conversion (TSC) system by rules is given. The necessary algorithms, not available for these systems in the literature, have been formulated providing the basic philosophies underlying these systems. A new algorithm TESCON for a TSC system by rules is developed without implementation details. TESCON is primarily concerned with the preprocessing and linguistic analysis of an input text in English orthography. For the first time, the use of function-content word concepts is fully utilized to identify the potential head-words in phrases. Stress, duration modification and pause insertions are suggested as part of the rule schemes. TESCON is general in nature and is fully compatible with a true TSC system.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

No description available.