Thesis advisor: Carolyn Thomas / A quasi-experimental study was done to investigate the relative influence of running on the self-esteem and attributional styles of a group of 623 women in Boston. Volunteers from the participants in the 1983 Bonne Bell 10K race formed the runners group while the two control groups, athletic non-runners and non-athletic women, were composed of volunteers randomly self-selected from among patrons in various Boston service organizations. Study participants were tested using Seligmans Attribution Style Questionnaire (1981) and Hudson's Index of Self-Esteem (1982). Results of the ASQ showed that the women who ran consistently tended to have a more internal than external locus of control and had an attributional style associated with an empowered sense of self. Results of the ISE showed that women who run consistently have a significantly higher level of self-esteem than do either the women who are athletic but who do not run or the non-athletic women, with the non-athletic women scoring with lower self-esteem than the athletic non-runners. On a subjective rating for degree of happiness, the consistent runners scored significantly higher than those women in the control groups. Both clinical and policy implications of these findings were discussed. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 1987. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work. / Discipline: Social Work.

Adverse parenting practices have adverse effects on child outcomes, ranging from lower academic success (Dornbusch, Ritter, Leiderman, Roberts, & Fraleigh, 1987) to delinquency behavior (Steinberg, Fletcher & Darling, 1994) to adjustment difficulties (Shumow & Lomax, 2009). There is considerable evidence linking poor parenting practices to increases in adolescent adjustment symptoms (e.g. Barnes, Reifman, Farrell, & Dintcheff, 2000). It is likely that there is an explanatory mechanism driving this relationship. The current study tests the hypotheses that associations between adverse parenting behaviors are both directly associated with adjustment problems, and indirectly associated with maladjustment via changes in self-views. A staggered cohort longitudinal design was employed that included a total of 453 (215 boys, 238 girls) 9th graders and 464 (231 boys, 233 girls) 10th graders at the first assessment in spring, 2013. At the onset of the study, adolescents completed scales describing parental monitoring (Small & Kerns, 1993), parental psychological control (Barber, 1996), and parental connectedness (Arnold, Nott, & Meinhold, 2012). Adolescents also described indices of self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965), self-efficacy (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995), and adjustment behaviors (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Results from the direct effects models revealed parenting practices have a direct effect on adolescent adjustment. Mediation models revealed indirect links between parenting practices and adolescent adjustment via self-esteem. Greater parental psychological control and less parental connectedness was linked to decreases in selfesteem one year later, and lower levels of self-esteem were in turn, associated with increases in adolescent adjustment problems. This study provides insight on the impact that parenting practices have on adolescents both directly and indirectly. Parents should understand that even though adolescents are seeking autonomy and separation, practicing attentive and meaningful parenting is just as important during adolescence as it is during any other periods of development. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

目標設定理論已被廣泛應用於組織，以提高性能和有效性。然而，採用目標設定可能帶來偏差行為的潛在性還沒有得到深入的探討。本研究旨在探討框架效果和自尊對偏差行為的影響。實驗穫取了114個香港本科生的數據。實驗的目的在於探索目標設定在性能方面和偏差行為潛在的影響。除了審查設定目標的效果，另外兩個條件是目標達到後能避免處罰或得到獎勵。實驗中衡量自尊使用了一個特定任務的自尊量表（Greenhaus & Badin, 1974）。偏差行為定義為虛假報告（誇大）自己在8個字謎任務中的分數。據推測，框架效果（獎勵與處罰）和自尊（高與低），會影響一個人從事偏差行為的可能性。結果表明，四個條件（盡自己所能，被分配目標，被分配獎勵目標和被分配處罰目標）在努力程度上有所不同，在兩個框架條件的參與者相比“盡自己所能“ 和 “被分配目標“ 的參與者創造了更多的字。此外，誇大的虛假報告的頻率和幅度在框架條件中也更為嚴重。自尊水平之間沒有顯著差異。 / Goal setting theory has been widely used in organizations to enhance performance and effectiveness. However, the potential engagement in deviant behavior when concrete goals are adopted has not been thoroughly explored. This study examined the effects of framing and self-esteem on unethical behavior among 114 undergraduate students in Hong Kong. It aimed to underscore the potential pitfalls of goal setting in terms of performance and ethical tradeoffs. Apart from examining the effects of the mere presence of a goal, two other conditions are framed as either offering a reward for goal attainment or a punishment in the case of failure. Self-esteem was measured by an adapted task specific self-esteem scale (Greenhaus & Badin, 1974). Unethical behavior was operationalized as the number of false reporting (overstatement) in completing a series of anagram tasks across eight trials. It was hypothesized that framing (reward versus punishment) and self-esteem (high versus low) would affect the extent to which one engages in unethical behavior. Results showed that the four conditions (do your best, assigned goal, assigned goal with reward and assigned goal with punishment) differed in effort levels; participants in the two framing conditions created more words compared to the “do your best“ and “assigned goal“ conditions. In addition, overstatement of results was also more prevalent among the framing conditions in terms of frequency and magnitude. No differences were found across self-esteem levels. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Lau, Ka Yan Stephanie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-50). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / List of Tables --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Goal Setting Theory and Demonstrated Effort --- p.2 / Workplace Deviance --- p.4 / Goal Setting and Unethical Behavior --- p.5 / Goal Framing and Demonstrated Effort --- p.7 / Goal Framing and Unethical Behavior --- p.10 / Self-esteem and Demonstrated Effort --- p.13 / Self-esteem and Unethical Behavior --- p.15 / Overview of Hypotheses --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method --- p.19 / Measurements --- p.19 / Participants --- p.19 / Procedures --- p.20 / Ensuring Anonymity --- p.22 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results --- p.23 / Effort level: goal conditions and self-esteem effects --- p.23 / Overstatement: goal conditions and self-esteem effects --- p.25 / Goal Proximity and Unethical Behavior --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion --- p.30 / Goal Conditions and Demonstrated Effort --- p.30 / Self-esteem and Demonstrated Effort --- p.31 / Goal Conditions and Unethical Behavior --- p.32 / Self-esteem and Unethical Behavior --- p.34 / Goal Proximity and Unethical Behavior --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Limitations and Future Directions --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusion --- p.40 / References --- p.42 / Appendix --- p.51

The purpose of this study was to determine if a correlation existed between reading comprehension and self-esteem in adults with no reading ability to adults reading at the fifth grade level. Reading comprehension was measured by the comprehension section of the Brigance Diagnostic Comprehensive Inventory of Basic Skills in half year increments after primer level, from lower first to upper third grade. Full year increments were indicated from fourth through ninth grade. Self-esteem was self-reported through use of the Counseling form of the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. Data were collected during Fall term, 1989 (September through December) at Portland Community College, Southeast Center in an Adult Basic Education class. T-tests indicated that both reading comprehension and some aspects of self-esteem rose through the study period. However, using the Pearson correlation coefficient, it was determined that a significant correlation did not exist between the variables in question.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-53). Also available via the Internet.

A variety of risk factors for bulimia nervosa have been proposed including both environmental factors (e.g., family environment) and personal characteristics (e.g., body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and perfectionism). The main goal of this study was to further examine the relationship between body satisfaction, self-esteem, and perfectionism in the development of bulimic symptoms. A confirmatory factor analysis on the construct of perfectionism was conducted to determine if it was best explained as a unidimensional or a multidimensional construct. Perfectionism was best explained as a construct consisting of three factors--normal perfectionism, neurotic perfectionism, and orderliness. The relationship between body satisfaction, self-esteem, and perfectionism in the development of bulimic behaviors was also examined using structural equation modeling. We did not find support for a hypothesized three-way interaction among body satisfaction, self-esteem, and neurotic perfectionism in the development of bulimic behavior. We did find support for a pair of two-way interactions predicting bulimic behaviors. Interactions between body satisfaction and self-esteem and body satisfaction and neurotic perfectionism were predicitve of bulimic symptom development.

Stress hos ungdomar är ett växande problem som kan leda till ohälsa. Ett sätt att undersöka ohälsa är att titta på det motsatta som är välbefinnande. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur självkänsla predicerar subjektiv hälsa hos ungdomar mellan 16 och 18 år. Även bostadsort, etnicitet och kön beaktades. En enkätundersökning genomfördes på 149 gymnasieungdomar i en mindre och en större stad. Självkänsla mättes med global självkänsla skala och hälsa med en skala om subjektivt välbefinnande. Resultaten visade att självkänsla predicerade signifikant hälsa både hos svenska och invandrarungdomar. Flickor uppvisade både sämre hälsa och självkänsla. Hälsa skilde sig inte mellan svenskar och invandrare.

Assertiveness is an important skill for children to develop healthy human relations with peers, parents, teachers, and all the other social contacts. When children use assertiveness skills in their social, academic and personal life, they enhance the potential of reaching successful outcomes. There are some positive correlations between assertiveness and self esteem. Thus, investigating the effects of an assertiveness training on the assertiveness and self esteem levels of 5th grade children would contribute to a lot of aspects on the development of children. This study aims to develop an assertiveness program for 5th grade elementary school students and has the purpose of exploring the effects on children&rsquo / s level of assertiveness and self esteem. The participants of the study were from Ankara University Education Development Foundation Primary School. Twenty four students participated in the study. The experimental design was used in which 2 groups were compared on pre test and post test measures by using Assertiveness Inventory and Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory. Moreover, observations of teachers were collected through the record sheets. The experimental group was given an 8 week training. In order to explore the effects of assertiveness training on assertiveness levels of the children independent samples t test was used. The results revealed that there were significant differences between the two groups based on assertiveness scores. Inn order to explore the effects of assertiveness training on self esteem levels of children, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used. However, there were no significant differences found on self esteem scores between the two groups. On the other hand, according to the observations that were collected from the teachers, it could be stated that the training contributed positively to the children&rsquo / s self esteem.

Den ekonomiska och fysiska tillgängligheten av narkotika är idag historiskt hög, vilket bidrar till att narkotikan numera ses som en normalitet i samhället. Denna kvalitativa intervjustudie skildrar hur sex personer, alla med någon form av narkotikabakgrund, upplevt att narkotikan på ett eller annat sätt varit en del i deras liv. Deltagarna ger en bild av människors olika anledningar till att börja, fortsätta och sluta ett narkotikabruk samt beskriver hur attityden hos narkotikabrukare ofta förändras över tid. Resultatet visade att det sociala nöjet samt upplevelsen att bli fri sin inre oro var komponenter som medförde en positiv attityd, medan destruktiva konsekvenser i form av självförstörelse, kontrollförlust och sociala problem var komponenter som resulterade i en negativ attityd. Då den mänskliga attityden är en följd av våra tankar, känslor och handlingsinriktningar kom dessa aspekter att utgöra fokus för studien. Materialet analyserades utifrån en induktiv och deskriptiv ansats genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.

Data from 183 participants were collected through an online survey focusing on the relationship between parenting styles and self-esteem across a specific age range. Parenting styles were assessed using a four-factor model while self-esteem was evaluated using two different scales. Multiple analyses were completed to find that self-esteem changed across the age range, and across parenting styles. The study looks at the ways in which these two variables changed. Implications, limitations and future research opportunities are discussed.