Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2007. / Title from title screen (site viewed May. 20, 2008). PDF text: iii, 337 p. : maps ; 4 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3284006. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

Thesis--Málaga, 1977. / Description based on print version record. Bibliography: v. 1, p. [11]-[27]

Thesis (M. Dev. Studies (Development Studies))--University of the Free State, 2002. / Word processed copy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-78).

The evolution of sedentariness in east-central Mississippi seems to follow specific patterns when both time and space are accounted for. Prehistoric pottery counts and frequencies from sites located throughout east-central Mississippi were examined in order to better understand settlement patterns. This study combines data from both newly recorded and previously recorded sites. These data are analyzed using frequency seriation and correspondence analysis, thus allowing the investigation of settlement patterns through both space and time. The results are used to address competing hypotheses concerning a gradual spread of sedentary settlement versus a very rapid adoption of sedentariness. The main factors organizing assemblages from sedentary settlements in this area seem to be distance from a major river and population growth. The data indicate that sedentariness was adopted gradually.

Settlement is arguably the last stage of high mortality in the life cycle of many marine fish species with a bipartite life cycle, making the number of larvae that settle successfully to a benthic habitat a reasonable determinant of future population size. Habitat selection during settlement is likely an active process, however, much of what we know about settlement behavior comes from studies in coral reef ecosystems. This collection of studies examined the ability of estuarine-dependent fish larvae (red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus) to locate settlement sites based on information received from their senses, with a focus on the different spatial scales over which larval sensory systems operate. During the pelagic phase, red drum are exposed to elevated sound levels in the tidal inlets. This noise caused larvae to reduce their activity in the form of fewer turns, less time spent swimming, and a lower overall mean speed compared with silent controls. As red drum approached settlement size, but not at earlier stages, they responded to olfactory cues associated with seagrass beds, their primary settlement habitat. Activity increased in the presence of lignin, a compound associated with the cell walls of vascular plants. Also, settlement-size larvae spent more time in water masses taken from seagrass beds compared to control sea water, implying a preference for olfactory cues associated with estuaries. While settlement and post-settlement-size larvae positioned themselves near the benthos regardless of water column height or substrate color, pre-settlement larvae moved away from yellow and green (associated with the estuary) but not black (associated with a deep water column) benthic colors. Additionally, red drum larvae settled to seagrass and sand at a smaller size than they did to oyster shells, and they delayed settlement when a suitable benthic habitat was not available. These findings can be interpreted as evidence for an estuarine-dependent species taking advantage of cues available to multiple sensory systems in order to actively locate settlement habitats. / text

This project explores the impact of international and domestic institutions on the decisions of political leaders. A theory of two-level institutional incentives is developed that seeks to explain how institutional context at the domestic and international levels affects the incentives, and thus the behavior of political leaders when making decisions related to trade policy. This theory argues that the institutional context in which political leaders make policy decisions has a significant effect on their decision-making. Further, the institutional context must include both domestic and international institutions. Building on previous work on the impact of institutions at both the domestic and international levels, this project seeks to test the theory of institutional incentives in the context of trade disputes under the GATT and WTO.A series of empirical tests are conducted using a dataset of GATT disputes combined with a new dataset of disputes under the WTO. These tests demonstrate strong support for the theories set forth in this project that domestic and international institutions combine to affect the behavior of political leaders. Domestic institutions affect the impact of international institutions and vice versa. This project extends previous work in two-level institutional incentives by demonstrating that institutional change at both levels has significant effects on the behavior of political leaders.

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<p>The participation of African countries in the Dispute Settlement System (DSS) of the Worlt Trade Organisation ( WTO) is insignificant. This research seeks to find a suitable model/mechanism which meets the particular needs of developing countries. The practical aim of this reseach was to enhance active participation of various stakeholders in developing countries who may be adversely affected or who face potential damage by unfair trade pracices of other players in the brutal and complex battleground of world trade. Thus the research seeks to suggest a suitable legal framework which can be utilised by stakeholders in African countries as part of the process of trade dispute initiation when their interests are threatened or adversely affected.</p>