The main objective of this study was to analyze the knowledge and opinions on Xenophobia among Students in North West University, Mafikeng Campus, North-West Province, South Africa. The hypotheses tested by the research were that negative opinions about foreigners lead to inclination to xenophobia; positive opinions about foreigners lead to non-inclination toward xenophobia and that economic and sociological factors influence negative opinions about foreigners. The results of the study showed that the major source of opinions about foreigners were mostly through personal contact with foreigners possibly within the university environment as foreign lecturers and students account for a sizable percentage of the university population. The majority of the respondents knew and understood xenophobia as hatred and dislike of foreigners. Many of the respondents were of the opinion that only a few South Africans were xenophobic. Only 2.5% actually admitted to having hatred and dislike for foreigners. It was found that whereas the incIination of respondents to xenophobia decreases with increase in friendships with foreigners, it increases with increase in the opinion that foreigners must not be allowed into South Africa. Al so while inclination of respondents to xenophobia increases with increase in the opinion that foreigners are a threat to locals securing matrimonial partners; in their own words "taking away their women", surprisingly it decreases with increase in the view that foreigners are taking the jobs meant for South Africans. Previous studies have shown that attitudes toward xenophobia arc mostly associated with people with very little or no educational exposure and that fear, dislike and hatred, generally result from ignorance. This appears to be the case regarding xenophobia and negative attitudes towards foreigners in South Africa, the primary challenge identified here is education. Adult education at grass-root level has a role to play. It is recommended that citizens be given access to accurate in formation through all sorts of media such as television programmes, radio, newspapers and magazines, to dispel myths and stereotypes about migrants, immigrants and refugees. In addition, a greater sense of continental ism and international ism should be developed in the country through adult education and curriculum reform at schools and through the public pronouncements of opinion-makers. Service delivery should also be improved in the rural areas and township settlements which evidently arc the areas prone to such incidents of xenophobia. Immigration laws should be revised to provide guidelines regarding the issuance and renewal or permits, as well as implementing more stringent steps to ensure effective border control, thereby limiting and eventually curbing illegal migrants in the country. / Thesis (M. Arts) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2011

The thesis explores the collective identities present among Sunni and Shii Muslims in Canada and their experiences of identity construction and collective identity construction in Canada. The thesis also seeks to identify successes and failures of integrating Canadian Muslims into the culturally dominant identity. Finally, the thesis recommends policies by which Canada may improve efforts to integrate Muslim youth into Canada as a means to prevent disenfranchisement, isolation, and the possibility of social marginalization. Finally, the thesis proposes hypotheses that may guide similar research in the future, as well as policy recommendations that may serve to facilitate better intercultural relations in the future. / Graduate

This research aimed to study how athletic adolescents move between different areas; what the nodes are and to which extent sports fields are of importance. Furthermore, the study was constructed to investigate if sports could be a factor in increasing the movement between residential areas and produce social integration. The methodology includes surveys with four football teams in Stockholm, a group interview with three adolescents and a spatial analysis of the two sport clubs’ (to which the teams belong) catchment areas. The findings show that friends are the most significant reason for young people to move between areas, closely followed by leisure activities and school. In addition, new friends from different residential areas are made through football. Girls, in contrast to boys, spend more time at the new friend’s homes in other residential areas. To athletic adolescences the sport field is a major node even outside practices. Though the sample is too narrow to generalise, the results from this study indicate that sport fields and sport both can act as a node and produce social integration.

Thesis (M.Arch. (Prof.))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning, 2012. / Over 800 000 people access and commute through Johannesburg Inner City every single day. (JDA, 2009) Out of this, a certain group of people enter the city with every intention to fi nd permanent residency and work within the city. They mostly come from afar, rural or semi-rural areas and often from neighbouring countries. Unfortunately, with the continuously changing urban environment, it can be an incredibly difficult process to adapt to alone. As such, this can be the best time and the worst time of their lives, fi lled with mixed emotions of excitement, disappointment, fear and anticipation. This is the time where one may manage to truly live life, or end up surviving it. The sudden change in lifestyle, security, social and economic conditions, entertainment and habitat can create situations where the very best will fail in their quest to improve their lives and fall into degenerate lives of crime and despair from which very few will emerge stronger. As I see it, architecture is the science of building, in terms of not only visually inspiring structures but more importantly, structures that can improve the lives of people whilst preserving the environment and assisting in the building of a stronger economy and moral fi bre. I believe that architecture is at the root of civilization itself. However, due to a multitude of varying levels of control implemented into the urban realm of Johannesburg’s Inner City, in order to ensure this change, it appears that parts of the physical environment are being distorted to accept a selected group of city inhabitants, leaving the marginalised group to fend for themselves. In saying this, there thus appears to be a new form of segregation occurring within the city. As such, the social and physical environments are beginning to lose a certain key characteristic of what a city should be – spirit and integration between all of its parts. This thesis therefore investigates a design that strives to create a bridge between Johannesburg’s Inner City and the formal environments where new city-dwellers can fi nd respite and are assisted to achieve their goals without succumbing to the pitfalls that would otherwise await them. The design will ensure that the transition between these new-comers’ old and new lifestyles and surroundings is as painless as possible allowing them to reach their full potential quickly and hopefully removing the risk that they may become a burden to themselves and society. This thesis will focus on the construct of a 21st century interpretation of Godin’s familistère, not necessarily in its structural make up but rather in its funding, management and programmatic structure to fulfi l its mission in a sustainable manner as well as the new idea of connecting these factors into the ‘bigger picture’. (Benevolo, 1971) This thesis will address the fundamentals of target group, services provided, training, temporary living accommodation, optimal time of stay, work ethics, funding and most importantly, the spatial framework required for such integration to occur. The results of this thesis will culminate in a full-scale detailed design of such a construct and propose how it could be achieved spatially for the direct benefi t of those individuals, as well as the indirect effect it could have on the physical make-up of Johannesburg’s Inner City.

In the 90's the establishment of external trade centers had a strong growth in Sweden, primarily in large and medium cities. Gradually took smaller towns by this development. In larger cities with larger and growing customer base than in small towns were not affected by the trade centers heavily, but in the smaller towns where the customer base was smaller, there was a risk that it created a negative competitive relationship between external trade center and trade in the citycenter. In some cases, competition is a positive development for both the citycenter and external trade areas, but in some cases there was a risk that the center became impoverished. In such situation there are theories that the different variety of different types of goods should be at the center and in external trade center could lead to a balanced trade relationship. Otherwise, customers may come to replace their consumption in the citycenter with consumption of external trade center. The external trade center in Strängnäs called Solberga trade center. There are plans for Solberga trade center to grow their business. Solberga trade centre is located approximately 5 kilometers from the city center.  There are living many people in Strängnäs today, that need good accessibility to Solberga trade centre and the citycenter, for instance many elderly people with limited ability to move. Lower accessability in terms of distance could create social groups in the city. This can be countered by other attractive activaties in the city Centre. Many that require good accessibility to trade lives in Strängnäs. When supply and attractions in other areas than the trade in the citycenter, this may promote social inclusion in the center that can counteract social segregation. Strängnäs has an advantageous geographic location, with the strong labor market regions around Stockholm area allowing Strängnäs has a large proportion of people living in the city who commute to Stockholm and other larger towns for work. The city also has a unique history, an increase in population and a high proportion of elderly population, which means that the city has the potential for both positive trend with an external trade center and a vibrant city center. To help it should also seek to separate the sale of concealing goods and groceries at various locations. It should also increase the availability of special non-motorists to external trade Centre and bet on the "idyllic" pedestrian area in the center. The role of the municipality with their power to control the use of the ground is important and can be used to adjust the external trade development to Strängnäs development I other areas such as population growth and effects on the trade in the city centre.

No description available.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes special report study entitled: Design considerations for social interaction. Includes bibliographical references.

This dissertation analyses the endurance of colonial logics of assimilation and cultural segregation in contemporary urban France by connecting them with their origins in colonial Algeria. French urban planning and policy in Algeria emphasized the capacity of the urban environment to establish the cultural supremacy of imperial France, to ‘evolve’ Algerians toward French lifestyles and civility, and to provide stable and controllable social environments. The migration en masse of Algerians to France following the Second World War, and in the context of the Algerian war of independence, prompted the creation of new state institutions in France to house, integrate, monitor and police France’s purportedly suspect, hostile immigrant population. This paper argues the refraction of this colonial apparatus during the post-war period has rippled into the contemporary era, posing significant obstacles to social cohesion between immigrants – and their descendents – and the white ethnic majority in France.

Research in the field of intellectual disability (ID) has long recognized that social skills and, in turn, social acceptance, are key areas of difficulty for children with ID. However, little work has been done to examine the factors that may contribute to the development of these difficulties. This study examined early childhood parent-child interactions, as well as early characteristics of both the parent and the child, in order to identify the factors that may be relevant to the later development of social competence and social integration. The study found that the social competence of school-aged children with ID affects the extent to which they are integrated within the social and academic domains. Furthermore, school-age social competence was affected by child and parent functioning in toddlerhood. The findings have important implications for intervention, as mentally healthy, well-supported parents may pose a protective factor for at-risk children. Future studies will need to further examine the role of parent-child interactions in child development. / Thesis (Ph.D, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-24 13:50:22.687

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Hamburg, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 371-427).