published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

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The main objectives of this study were: to provide a review of key concepts and issues relevant to solid waste management in developing countries; to analyse and evaluate the hotel solid waste management (HSWM) program in Bali, Indonesia; and to suggest recommendations and areas for further research. The following data collection methods were used in this study: review of documents and literature, interviews, surveys and field observations. Tourism in host regions such as Bali can bring both positive and negative impacts. One aspect of tourism that can have an impact on local communities is solid waste management (SWM). Improper SWM can lead to pollution and deterioration of the aesthetic appeal of tourist destinations. Conversely, solid waste can be a resource to the local community, providing opportunities for business development and the achievement of social, political and environmental objectives. Planning for SWM is complex, involving the consideration of multiple and interconnected issues. Therefore, in addressing SWM issues, it is appropriate to use an integrated approach that recognises the various stakeholders, activities and perspectives involved. In addition, concepts such as appropriate technology, cleaner production, life cycle assessment and environmental management systems can be useful for improving how solid waste management is approached. A local environmental non-governmental organisation (NGO), waste hauler and hotels in Bali developed a program to improve the management of solid waste from hotels. The history, planning, management and stakeholders involved with the development of this program are described in this study. Various issues pertaining to the achievement of social, environmental and economic objectives are investigated to provide a view of program realities and the range of challenges faced by program participants. Conclusions and lessons learned from the case study are presented and links between concepts in the literature and findings from the case study are discussed. Recommendations concerning topics such as planning, management, stakeholder involvement, health and safety, data management and source separation are suggested and future research directions are outlined.

The main objectives of this study were: to provide a review of key concepts and issues relevant to solid waste management in developing countries; to analyse and evaluate the hotel solid waste management (HSWM) program in Bali, Indonesia; and to suggest recommendations and areas for further research. The following data collection methods were used in this study: review of documents and literature, interviews, surveys and field observations. Tourism in host regions such as Bali can bring both positive and negative impacts. One aspect of tourism that can have an impact on local communities is solid waste management (SWM). Improper SWM can lead to pollution and deterioration of the aesthetic appeal of tourist destinations. Conversely, solid waste can be a resource to the local community, providing opportunities for business development and the achievement of social, political and environmental objectives. Planning for SWM is complex, involving the consideration of multiple and interconnected issues. Therefore, in addressing SWM issues, it is appropriate to use an integrated approach that recognises the various stakeholders, activities and perspectives involved. In addition, concepts such as appropriate technology, cleaner production, life cycle assessment and environmental management systems can be useful for improving how solid waste management is approached. A local environmental non-governmental organisation (NGO), waste hauler and hotels in Bali developed a program to improve the management of solid waste from hotels. The history, planning, management and stakeholders involved with the development of this program are described in this study. Various issues pertaining to the achievement of social, environmental and economic objectives are investigated to provide a view of program realities and the range of challenges faced by program participants. Conclusions and lessons learned from the case study are presented and links between concepts in the literature and findings from the case study are discussed. Recommendations concerning topics such as planning, management, stakeholder involvement, health and safety, data management and source separation are suggested and future research directions are outlined.

No description available.

Gasification technologies are expected to play a key role in the future of solid waste management since the conversion of municipal and industrial solid wastes to a gaseous fuel significantly increases its value. Municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification for electrical power generation was conducted in a fluidized bed gasifier and the feasibility of using a control system was evaluated to facilitate its management and operation. The performance of an engine using the gas produced was evaluated. A procedure was also tested to upgrade the quality of the gas and optimize its production. The devices installed and automated control system developed was able to achieve and maintain the set conditions for optimum gasification. The most important parameters of reaction temperature and equivalence ratio were fully controlled. Gas production went at a rate of 4.00 kg min-1 with a yield of 2.78 m3 kg-1 of fuel and a heating value (HV) of 7.94 MJ Nm-3. Within the set limits of the tests, the highest production of synthesis gas and the net heating value of 8.97 MJ Nm-3 resulted from gasification at 725°C and ER of 0.25 which was very close to the predicted value of 7.47 MJ Nm-3. This was not affected by temperature but significantly affected by the equivalence ratio. The overall engine-generator efficiency at 7.5 kW electrical power load was lower at 19.81% for gasoline fueled engine compared to 35.27% for synthesis gas. The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system increased the net heating value of the product gas by an average of 38% gas over that of inlet gas. There were no traces of carbon dioxide in the product gas indicating that it had been completely adsorbed by the system. MSW showed relatively lower fouling and slagging tendencies than cotton gin trash (CGT) and dairy manure (DM). This was further supported by the compressive strength measurements of the ash of MSW, CGT and DM and the EDS elemental analysis of the MSW ash.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 342 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-171). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:33:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lino_ic_me_rcla.pdf: 1827804 bytes, checksum: 91af9d464e4b7dc4de2e0458cd3df8da (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A disposição final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos esteve historicamente associada aos surtos epidêmicos que dizimaram milhares de pessoas nos centros urbanos. Contudo, apenas no século XIX iniciaram-se esforços para o desenvolvimento de métodos sanitários de disposição final. Ainda hoje, em países subdesenvolvidos predominam formas de disposição incorretas como lixões e aterros controlados, responsáveis por grande poluição ambiental e pela veiculação de doenças. Uma disposição final adequada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos se inicia com a escolha de locais favoráveis do ponto de vista ambiental. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo comparar dois métodos de seleção de áreas para implantação de aterros sanitários: o de IG-SMA (1999), e o de Basílio (2001). Os referidos métodos foram escolhidos por terem sido desenvolvidos e aplicados em uma mesma área geográfica (região de Campinas - SP). A comparação por superposição mostrou que apesar da área geográfica ser a mesma, os resultados de ambos foram diferentes. O fato é explicado pela diferença de escalas, critérios, atributos e classes, e chegou-se à conclusão que o método de Basílio (2001) apresentou muito menos áreas favoráveis à disposição de resíduos do que IG-SMA (1999) por ser mais restritivo em seus critérios de seleção. / Historically, the incorrect waste disposal has been related to epidemics which resulted in thousand of deaths. Despite the efforts to develop sanitary disposal methods in the 19 century, even today, uncontrolled dumps are often found in undeveloped countries. These places are responsible for environment pollution and for several diseases. The process of adequate waste disposal begins with the selection of suitable landfill areas, based on environmental characteristics. The goal of this research was to compare two methods of landfill site selection: the first one developed by IG-SMA (1999), and the other by Basílio (2001). Both methods were developed and applied in the same area - region of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil and this fact explains the choice for them; the comparison was made by superposing maps. Despite the same geographic area, the result was very different and few areas in common were found; IG-SMA (1999) obtained more suitable areas than Basílio (2001). This has been attributed to scale, criteria and attribute differences and, as a conclusion, Basílio (2001) was considered more restrictive than IG-SMA (1999).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-07-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:47:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_g_me_rcla.pdf: 6205873 bytes, checksum: 7858131df89b61decdfd5e4f67d3d091 (MD5) / Atualmente a sociedade está presenciando a degradação ambiental, no âmbito local e global, provocada por ações antrópicas inconvenientes. Para sanar ou mitigar essas adversidades estão sendo realizadas diversas propostas de ações conjuntas, pois a poluição não respeita fronteira. O presente trabalho apresenta algumas dessas experiências, enfocando principalmente a temática de resíduos sólidos urbanos, que através da constituição de consórcios intermunicipais, diversas comunas estão se unindo para solucionar ou minimizar as adversidades geradas pelo tratamento e/ou disposição final inadequada do lixo. Fundamentalmente, é dissertado sobre a ferramenta consórcio intermunicipal, bem como, demonstra-se a viabilidade de constituição de um consórcio intermunicipal para gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos - CIGRESU - nos municípios considerados. / Now the society is witnessing the environmental degradation, in the local and global ambit, provoked by the inconvenient antropics actions. To heal or to mitigate those adversities they are being accomplished several proposed of joint actions, because the pollution doesn't respect border. The present work introduces some of those experiences, focusing the thematic of municipal solid waste mainly, that through the constitution of district consortium, several communes are joining to solve or to minimize the adversities generated by the treatment the/or inadequate disposition of the solid waste. Also, it is lectured on the tool district consortium, as well as, the viability of constitution of a district consortium is demonstrated for administration of municipal solid waste - CIGRESU - in the considered districts.