[pt] Esta dissertação trata do problema de agregação dinâmica de modelos de turbinas e reguladores de velocidade de unidades geradoras coerentes, visando o cálculo de equivalentes dinâmicos precisos para estudos de estabilidade transitória de sistemas de energia elétrica. Os modelos de turbina e regulador de velocidade considerados neste trabalho são do banco de dados de estabilidade do sistema elétrico brasileiro (modelos do Anatem). A metodologia empregada para o cálculo de equivalentes dinâmicos apresenta três etapas básicas: a identificação de geradores coerentes, a redução estática da rede e a agregação dinâmica dos modelos das unidades geradoras coerentes. A agregação dinâmica de um grupo de unidades geradoras coerentes consiste em representar esse grupo através de uma ou mais unidades geradoras equivalentes. As unidades geradoras coerentes podem ser representadas por diferentes modelos de máquina síncrona, sistema de excitação, estabilizador, turbina e regulador de velocidade. Os parâmetros lineares dos modelos equivalentes são ajustados numericamente através do método de Levenberg-Marquardt para resolver o problema de otimização multivariável. As respostas em freqüência são apresentadas em diagramas de Bode (módulo e fase). O bem conhecido sistema New England é considerado para a avaliação do desempenho dinâmico dos equivalentes. As curvas de oscilação angular e de potência elétrica dos geradores do sistema interno, assim como curvas de tensão em barras, obtidas com o sistema equivalente são comparadas com aquelas obtidas com a simulação do sistema completo. / [en] This dissertation deals with the problem of dynamic aggregation of turbine and speed governor models of coherent generating units to calculate dynamic equivalents for power system transient stability studies. The turbine and speed governor models considered in this work are in the Brazilian electrical system stability database (Anatem models). The methodology used for the calculation of coherency-based dynamic equivalents has three basic steps: the identification of the coherent groups of generating units, the static reduction of the external network and the dynamic aggregation of coherent generating unit models. The dynamic aggregation of a group of coherent generating units consists of the representation of this group by one or more equivalent generating units. The coherent generating units can be represented by different models of synchronous machine, excitation system, stabilizer, turbine and speed governor. The linear parameters of the equivalent models are numerically adjusted using the Levenberg-Marquardt method in order to solve the multivariable optimization problem. The frequency responses are presented in Bode diagrams (magnitude and phase). The well known New England system is considered for the evaluation of the dynamic performance of the equivalents. The angular swing curves and electric power curves of the internal system generators as well as bus voltage curves obtained with the equivalent system are compared with those obtained with the simulation of the complete system.

In this paper, the energy efficiency and dynamic performance of servopneumatic drivers are studied aiming at the correct sizing of the system components. The study is carried out through a non-linear dynamic model of a servopneumatic system. The simulation data are used along with the operating point method in order to understand the effect of loading conditions in the system performance, which is then used as a tool for component sizing. The results show the effects that the piston area has on the energy efficiency and dynamic behavior of the system. Moreover, the dependency of the servovalve size on the piston area is elucidated. A procedure to design an effective combination of piston area and sonic conductance of the servovalve is presented. A practical case where a servopneumatic system is being designed for the speed governor of a hydraulic turbine is described, evidencing the suitability of the proposed method for servopneumatic systems.