Humboldt-Univ., Diss.--Berlin, 2007.

Techn. Univ., Diss.--Dresden, 2006.

Univ., Diss.--Gießen, 2003.

Esta dissertação objetivou analisar como o conflito conjugal circula nas famílias, compreendendo seu papel no desenvolvimento da prole. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura nacional e internacional dos últimos 10 anos sobre o efeito spillover. Os resultados apontam as consequências de conflitos construtivos e destrutivos para casais e filhos, além da escassez de publicações brasileiras sobre a temática. Em seguida realizou-se um estudo empírico com 179 famílias, analisando as opiniões e comportamentos de filhos e casais durante seus conflitos, através das escalas Conflict resolution styles inventory, Children’s perception of interparental conflict e Children’s action tendency scale. Encontrou-se que os filhos identificam os desentendimentos entre seus pais e que isso tem um impacto em seus sentimentos e atitudes. Houve associação entre a forma como casais e filhos encaminham seus conflitos. Refletiu-se sobre as possibilidades de prática nesse contexto, dada a importância sobre a temática para a saúde familiar. / This work aimed to analyze how marital conflict runs in families. A systematic review about the spillover effect was performed in national and international literature of the last 10 years. The results showed the consequences of constructive and destructive conflicts to couples and their offspring. It also points out the dearth of Brazilian publication in that area. Following, an empirical study was done with 179 families. The reports of children and couples about their disagreements and their behavior in these occasions were analyzed by Conflict resolution styles inventory, Children's perception of interparental conflict and Children's action tendency scale. Results showed that children identify disagreements between their parents and that this has an impact on their feelings and attitudes towards life. There was an association between the conflict resolution strategies of couples and children. The possibilities of work in this context were discussed, given the importance of the theme to family health.

Large multinational companies are regularly suspected of using transfer pricing of intangibles to shift profits from high- to low-tax jurisdictions. We study the optimal transfer prices while endogenizing the location choice of intangibles and considering spillovers. In line with the initial intuition, we find that multinationals locate their intangibles in low-tax jurisdictions and deploy royalty flows to minimize tax payments. However, if multinationals face a trade-off between tax minimization and efficient spillover internalization, the so-called "home bias" might occur. Then, for a large spillover, the intangible is optimally located in the high-tax domestic country. This leads to less severe investment distortions because the spillover is internalized. In addition, the model predicts that curtailing profit shifting possibilities can either harm or facilitate multinationals' overall investments. This depends heavily on unobservable factors such as the underlying accounting system. Therefore, our analysis highlights challenges for the anti-avoidance legislation of governments. / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

In this thesis, I study the impact of minimum wage policy and city agglomeration on wages and employment in local labour markets. This is an important topic because having a better understanding of the determinants of regional wage differentials and employment offers insights into: the roles played by local production, consumption and city structures; the standard of living enjoyed by workers with different human capitals; and policy recommendations for the future minimum wage law and city planning regulations. I use local occupation and geographic information to assess how highly productive occupations and local consumption amenities sort workers and generate local wage differentials. I also use this information to construct instruments that enable the accurate estimation of the effects of policy interventions. After an introduction in chapter 1, chapter 2, The Impact of the Minimum Wage on the Wage Distribution: Evidence from China, provides an empirical estimation of the effects of minimum wages using a Chinese household survey. I introduce new instrumental variables, relating to transport costs and local productivity, to control for the potential median wage endogeneity. The instrument variable regressions indicate that the effective minimum wage, defined as the ratio between the minimum wage and the median wage, significantly reduces the lower tail wage inequality — measured by the wage differential between the 50th and the 10th percentiles— by up to 0.3 per cent. In chapter 3, The MinimumWage and Its Impact onWage and Employment, joint work with Coen Teulings, we propose a novel framework for estimating the effects of minimum wages by considering the neoclassical wage and labour participation equations at the same time. To estimate the non-linear censored model with correlated error terms, we provide a five-step procedure and use maximum likelihood estimation. After correcting the bias using occupation information and city size, we find that effective minimum wage correlate significantly with the proportion of workers earning below minimum wage. I study the structure of city and commuting in chapter 4, Consumer City and the Sharing Economy. Based on the international trade literature, I develop a theoretical model with multiple cities, which have different amenities and productivities. In equilibrium, the unobservable parameters are estimated using local employment, wage, and commuting information. Cities show strong agglomeration effects in both productivity and consumption amenities. A counterfactual technological improvement, providing a cheaper transportation for workers and consumers, leads to a more concentrated employment distribution, commuting pattern and higher utility. In the final chapter, Agglomeration and Sorting, joint work with Coen Teulings, we show that agglomeration externalities are strongly related to the occupational structure. At the same time, regional differences in house prices offset these externalities. We develop a multi-region model with regional heterogeneity in workers and jobs, tradable versus non-tradable commodities, consumption amenities, regional house prices, non-homothetic utility, and interregional labour mobility. The model fits the regional data on the fixed wage effects, the return and mean level of human capital, land prices, and the city-rural area distinction well. We use land values to calculate the value of agglomeration.

Esta dissertação objetivou analisar como o conflito conjugal circula nas famílias, compreendendo seu papel no desenvolvimento da prole. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura nacional e internacional dos últimos 10 anos sobre o efeito spillover. Os resultados apontam as consequências de conflitos construtivos e destrutivos para casais e filhos, além da escassez de publicações brasileiras sobre a temática. Em seguida realizou-se um estudo empírico com 179 famílias, analisando as opiniões e comportamentos de filhos e casais durante seus conflitos, através das escalas Conflict resolution styles inventory, Children’s perception of interparental conflict e Children’s action tendency scale. Encontrou-se que os filhos identificam os desentendimentos entre seus pais e que isso tem um impacto em seus sentimentos e atitudes. Houve associação entre a forma como casais e filhos encaminham seus conflitos. Refletiu-se sobre as possibilidades de prática nesse contexto, dada a importância sobre a temática para a saúde familiar. / This work aimed to analyze how marital conflict runs in families. A systematic review about the spillover effect was performed in national and international literature of the last 10 years. The results showed the consequences of constructive and destructive conflicts to couples and their offspring. It also points out the dearth of Brazilian publication in that area. Following, an empirical study was done with 179 families. The reports of children and couples about their disagreements and their behavior in these occasions were analyzed by Conflict resolution styles inventory, Children's perception of interparental conflict and Children's action tendency scale. Results showed that children identify disagreements between their parents and that this has an impact on their feelings and attitudes towards life. There was an association between the conflict resolution strategies of couples and children. The possibilities of work in this context were discussed, given the importance of the theme to family health.

xvi, 109 p. : ill. / Invasions by introduced plant species cost billions of dollars each year in the United States and threaten native habitat. The primary goal of my dissertation research was to examine the role that natural enemies (pathogens and herbivores) play in these invasions in both unmanaged and restored plant communities. In two related studies in seasonal wetland prairies in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA, I surveyed natural enemy attack on common native and introduced plant species in a restoration experiment designed to test the effects of site preparation techniques on plant community composition. Restoration treatments had little influence on enemy attack rates. Attack rates depended on idiosyncratic differences in the relationships between host species and plant community characteristics, suggesting that existing theories concerning these relationships have limited predictive power. Another field experiment tested the potential for enemy spillover from introduced to native species and dilution of natural enemy attack on introduced species by native species. I examined natural enemy attack on three native and three perennial grasses that commonly co-occur in the Willamette Valley. The native species are commonly used in restoration. The introduced species are common throughout North America and potentially harbor enemies that could affect both crops and natural communities. There was no compelling evidence of enemy spillover from the introduced to the native species, but dilution of enemies on the introduced species by the native species was evident in year 2 and even stronger in year 3 for two of the three introduced species. Using the same three introduced species from the spillover/dilution study, I tested the enemy release hypothesis, which proposes that introduced species lose natural enemies upon introduction and are thus "released" from population control. I surveyed populations of the three grass species across a wide geographic area in their native and naturalized ranges in Europe and the United States, respectively. I also compared my results to those of a previously published literature survey. My field survey supported release from herbivores but not from fungal pathogens. In contrast, the literature survey found evidence of release from fungal pathogens. This dissertation includes unpublished co-authored material. / Committee in charge: Brendan Bohannan, Chairperson; Bitty Roy, Co-Advisor; Scott Bridgham, Co-Advisor; Eric Seabloom, Member; Robert Mauro, Outside Member

This thesis is based on three papers examining Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) financial markets. The member countries of the GCC are Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. These countries have transitioned from developing to frontier markets over the past ten years, but there is considerable debate about whether GCC economies are efficient or affected by shocks in oil and other commodity markets. The first paper (chapter 2) considers GCC stock market returns and examines how they are affected by oil price shocks using a bivariate VAR-GARCH(1,1) approach. The conclusion of this essay is that GCC economies are more affected by shocks than are other countries considered for comparison purposes. The second paper (chapter 3) discusses how food prices are affected by oil price shocks, and it examines possible parameter shifts between food and oil that result from four recent events, including renewable fuel policies and the financial crisis. The third paper (chapter 4) uses an empirical approach to compare a least squares model and a non-linear Markov switching model to measure the effect of newspaper sentiment on stock market performance. The results indicate that all information is important to stock market investors and that non-linear models are better predictors of stock market performance then linear models when using data from newspaper articles. Chapter 5 offers some final conclusions and remarks.

abstract: The phenomenon of global warming and climate change has increasingly attracted attention by researchers in the field of supply chain and operations management. Firms have developed efficient plans and intervention measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While a majority of research in supply chain management has adopted a firm-centric view to study environmental management, this dissertation focuses on the context of GHG emissions reduction by considering a firm’s vertical and horizontal relationships with other parties, and the associated spillover effects. A theoretical framework is first proposed to facilitate the field's understanding of the possible spillover effects in GHG emissions reduction via vertical and horizontal interactions. Two empirical studies are then presented to test the spillover effect in GHG emissions reduction, focusing on the vertical interactions - when firms interact with their supply chain members. Drawing data from Bloomberg Environmental Social and Governance, and Bloomberg SPLC, this study conducts econometric analyses using various models. The results suggest that first, a higher level of supply chain GHG emissions is associated with the adoption of emissions reduction programs by a firm, and that this supply chain leakage contributes to the firm’s financial performance. Second, a firm's supply base innovativeness can contribute to its internal GHG emissions reduction, and this effect is contingent on a firm's supply base structure. As such, this dissertation answers the recent call in the field of supply chain and operations management for more empirical research in socially and environmentally responsible value chains. Further, this study contributes to the literature by providing a better understanding of the externalities that value chain members can impose on one another when pursuing sustainability goals. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2018