Deng Shusa = 费米系統中的量子纠缠 : 在一维哈伯德模型中的研究 / 邓蜀萨. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-90). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Deng Shusa = Feimi xi tong zhong de liang zi jiu chan : zai yi wei Habode mo xing zhong de yan jiu / Deng Shusa. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Introduction to our study on quantum entanglement --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Introduction to Quantum Entanglement --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Introduction to Quantum Phase Transition --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Introduction to Extended Hubbard Model --- p.9 / Chapter 1.6 --- Arrangement of thesis writing --- p.14 / Chapter 2 --- Measurements of Entanglement --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- Von neumann entropy --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- Concurrence --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3 --- Negativity --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Other measurements --- p.24 / Chapter 3 --- Fermionic concurrence --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1 --- The model and formulism --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2 --- Extended Hubbard dimer with two electrons --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- Dimer under a nonuniform field --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4 --- Large system for site=6 --- p.41 / Chapter 3.5 --- Negativity --- p.44 / Chapter 4 --- Block Entanglement --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1 --- The model and formulism --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2 --- Three-dimensional Phase diagram --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3 --- Entanglement change with block size and parameter --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4 --- Entanglement change with size and parameter --- p.66 / Chapter 4.5 --- Scaling behavior for block block entanglement --- p.70 / Chapter 4.6 --- Further discussion --- p.73 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.82 / Bibliography --- p.85

Yu, Wing Chi = 多體系統中的量子相變動力學 / 余詠芝. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-99). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Yu, Wing Chi = Duo ti xi tong zhong de liang zi xiang bian dong li xue / Yu Yongzhi. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Quantum phase transitions --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Schemes detecting QPTs --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Traditional schemes --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Quantum Entanglement --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Quantum fidelity --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Loschmidt echoes --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Quench dynamics --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Motivation --- p.7 / Chapter 2 --- Theoretical framework --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Quantum Zeno effect --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Mathematical formulation --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- Remarks --- p.14 / Chapter 3 --- Analysis on the One-dimensional Transverse-field Ising model --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1 --- The model --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2 --- Diagonalization of the Hamiltonian --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Jordan-Wigner transformation --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Fourier Transformation --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Bogoliubov transformation --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3 --- Quantum Zeno dynamics in the model --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Analytical calculation of the Zeno susceptibility --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Validity of the analytical result --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Scaling behavior of the Zeno susceptibility --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Zeno susceptibility around the critical point --- p.35 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion and experimental outlook --- p.38 / Chapter 4 --- Analysis on the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Model --- p.40 / Chapter 4.1 --- The model --- p.41 / Chapter 4.2 --- Diagonalization of the Hamiltonian --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Holstein-Primakoff transformation --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Bogoliubov transformation --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3 --- Quantum Zeno dynamics in the model --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Analytical form of the Zeno susceptibility and its scaling behavior --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Validity of the analytical result --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Numerical analysis of the Zeno susceptibility --- p.55 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.60 / Chapter 5 --- Analysis on the Kitaev model on a honeycomb lattice --- p.61 / Chapter 5.1 --- The model --- p.61 / Chapter 5.2 --- Diagonalization of the Hamiltonian --- p.63 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Jordan-Wigner transformation for two-dimensional systems --- p.64 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Majorana fermion representation --- p.68 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Fermions on the 之-bonds --- p.71 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Bogoliubov transformation --- p.73 / Chapter 5.3 --- Energy spectrum --- p.75 / Chapter 5.4 --- Quantum Zeno dynamics in the model --- p.77 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Coupling along the Jx = Jy line --- p.77 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Coupling along the line with constant Jz --- p.83 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.90 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and outlook --- p.91 / Bibliography --- p.94 / Chapter A --- Perturbative form of the Loschimdt Echo --- p.100 / Chapter B --- Hellmann-Feynman theorem --- p.107 / Chapter C --- Commutation relations in the Jordan-Wigner transformation --- p.108

In chapter 1, we give an introduction to QPT, and take one-dimensional XXZ model as an example to illustrate the QPT therein. Through this simple example, we would show that when the tunable parameter is varied, the system evolves into different phases, across two quantum QPT points. The distinct phases exhibit very different behaviors. Also a schematic phase diagram is appended. / In chapter 2, we are engaged in research on ordered phases. Originating in the work of Landau and Ginzburg on second-order phase transition, the spontaneous symmetry breaking induces nonzero expectation of field operator, e.g., magnetization M in the Ising model, and then we say long range order (LRO) exists in the system. LRO plays a key role in determining the ordered-disorder transition. Thereby, we investigate two-dimensional 120° orbital-only model to present how to extract the information of LRO in a pedagogical manner, by applying the reflection positivity method introduced by Dyson, Lieb, and Simon. We rigorously establish the existence of an anti-ferromagnetic like transverse orbital long-range order in the so called two-dimensional 120° model at zero temperature. Next we consider possible pairings in the family of FeAs-based ReO1--xFxFeAs (Re=La, Nd, Ce, Pr, etc.) high-temperature superconductors. We build some identities based on a two-orbital model, and obtained some constraints on a few possible pairings. We also establish the sufficient conditions for the coexistence of two superconducting orders, and we propose the most favorable pairings around half filling according to physical consideration. / In chapter 3, we present a quantum solvation process with solvent of fermion character based on the one-dimensional asymmetric t-J-Jz model. The model is experimental realizable in optical lattices and exhibits rich physics. In this work, we show that there exist two types of phase separations, one is driven by potential energy while the other by kinetic energy. In between, solvation process occurs. Analytically, we are able to obtain some rigorous results to understand the underlying physics. Numerically, we perform exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group calculations, accompanied by detailed finite size analysis. / In chapter 4, we explore several characterizations of QPT points. As distinguished from the methods in condensed-matter physics, we give much attention to understand QPT from the quantum information (QI) point of view. The perspective makes a new bridge between these two fields. It no only can facilitate the understanding of condensed-matter physics, but also provide the prominent playground for the quantum information theory. They are fidelity susceptibility and reduced fidelity susceptibility. We establish a general relation between fidelity and structure factor of the driving term in a Hamiltonian through fidelity susceptibility and show that the evaluation of fidelity in terms of susceptibility is facilitated by using well developed techniques such as density matrix renormalization group for the ground state, or Monte Carlo simulations for the states in thermal equilibrium. Furthermore, we show that the reduced fidelity susceptibility in the family of one-dimensional XY model obeys scaling law in the vicinity of quantum critical points both analytically and numerically. The logarithmic divergence behavior suggests that the reduced fidelity susceptibility can act as an indicator of quantum phase transition. / Quantum Phase Transition (QPT) describes the non-analytic behaviors of the ground-state properties in a many-body system by varying a physical parameter at absolute zero temperature - such as magnetic field or pressure, driven by quantum fluctuations. Such quantum phase transitions can be first-order phase transition or continuous. The phase transition is usually accompanied by a qualitative change in the nature of the correlations in the ground state, and describing this change shall clearly be one of our major interests. We address this issue from three prospects in a few strong correlated many-body systems in this thesis, i.e., identifying the ordered phases, studying the properties of different phases, characterizing the QPT points. / The past decade has seen a substantial rejuvenation of interest in the study of quantum phase transitions (QPTs), driven by experimental advance on the cuprate superconductors, the heavy fermion materials, organic conductors, Quantum Hall effect, Fe-As based superconductors and other related compounds. It is clear that strong electronic interactions play a crucial role in the systems of current interest, and simple paradigms for the behavior of such systems near quantum critical points remain unclear. Furthermore, the rapid progress in Feshbach resonance and optical lattice provides a flexible platform to study QPT. / You, Wenlong = 強關聯多體體系中的量子相變 / 尤文龍. / Adviser: Hai Qing Lin. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-09, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-115). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307. / You, Wenlong = Qiang guan lian duo ti ti xi zhong de liang zi xiang bian / You Wenlong.

No description available.

abstract: The rigidity of a material is the property that enables it to preserve its structure when deformed. In a rigid body, no internal motion is possible since the degrees of freedom of the system are limited to translations and rotations only. In the macroscopic scale, the rigidity and response of a material to external load can be studied using continuum elasticity theory. But when it comes to the microscopic scale, a simple yet powerful approach is to model the structure of the material and its interparticle interactions as a ball$-$and$-$spring network. This model allows a full description of rigidity in terms of the vibrational modes and the balance between degrees of freedom and constraints in the system. In the present work, we aim to establish a microscopic description of rigidity in \emph{disordered} networks. The studied networks can be designed to have a specific number of degrees of freedom and/or elastic properties. We first look into the rigidity transition in three types of networks including randomly diluted triangular networks, stress diluted triangular networks and jammed networks. It appears that the rigidity and linear response of these three types of systems are significantly different. In particular, jammed networks display higher levels of self-organization and a non-zero bulk modulus near the transition point. This is a unique set of properties that have not been observed in any other types of disordered networks. We incorporate these properties into a new definition of jamming that requires a network to hold one extra constraint in excess of isostaticity and have a finite non-zero bulk modulus. We then follow this definition by using a tuning by pruning algorithm to build spring networks that have both these properties and show that they behave exactly like jammed networks. We finally step into designing new disordered materials with desired elastic properties and show how disordered auxetic materials with a fully convex geometry can be produced. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Physics 2018

Leung, Ching Yee = LMG模型中的保真度對數和絶熱要求 / 梁靜儀. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-58). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Leung, Ching Yee = LMG mo xing zhong de bao zhen du dui shu he jue re yao qiu / Liang Jingyi. / Chapter 1 --- Quantum phase transition and fidelity --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- What is a quantum phase transition --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Use of fidelity in describing QPT --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Quantum fidelity versus classical fidelity --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Motivation of the project --- p.8 / Chapter 2 --- Introduction to LMG model --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- The LMG model --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- General ground-state solution of LMG model --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- Analytical solution of ground-state fidelity of LMG model --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4 --- Numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian --- p.23 / Chapter 3 --- Scaling dependence of logarithmic fidelity in the LMG model --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1 --- Symmetry-broken phase --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2 --- Polarized phase --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3 --- Scaling behavior of logarithmic fidelity around the critical point --- p.30 / Chapter 4 --- Quench dynamics --- p.35 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction to quench dynamics --- p.35 / Chapter 4.2 --- Quantum adiabatic theorem --- p.35 / Chapter 4.3 --- Ground-state quench dynamics --- p.37 / Chapter 4.4 --- Motivation --- p.38 / Chapter 4.5 --- "Adiabaticity, residue energy and fidelity" --- p.39 / Chapter 4.6 --- Adiabatic requirement --- p.40 / Chapter 5 --- LMG model in quench dynamics --- p.42 / Chapter 5.1 --- Numerical analysis method --- p.42 / Chapter 5.2 --- Loss of adiabaticity --- p.44 / Chapter 5.3 --- The adiabatic requirement in the symmetry-broken phase --- p.45 / Chapter 5.4 --- The adiabatic requirement in the polarized phase --- p.46 / Chapter 5.5 --- In the critical region --- p.47 / Chapter 6 --- Summary --- p.50 / Chapter 6.1 --- Scaling dependence of logarithmic fidelity --- p.50 / Chapter 6.2 --- Scaling dependence of duration time in quench dynamics --- p.52 / Bibliography --- p.53

Kwok, Ho Man = 多體系統中的量子臨界現象與保真度 / 郭灝民. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-109). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Kwok, Ho Man = Duo ti xi tong zhong de liang zi lin jie xian xiang yu bao zhen du / Guo Haomin. / Chapter 1 --- Overview of Quantum Phase transitions --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Classification of QPTs --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Teaching model: The quantum Ising model --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Critical exponents and universality classes --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- A new tool to the QPT: Fidelity --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5 --- Fidelity susceptibility --- p.12 / Chapter 1.6 --- Motivation of this report --- p.16 / Chapter 2 --- Analysis of the One Dimensional Quantum XY model --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction to the model Hamiltonian --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Diagonalizing the Hamiltonian --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Jordan-Wigner transformation --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Bogoliubov transformation --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3 --- Ground state properties --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4 --- Calculating the fidelity susceptibility --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5 --- Fidelity susceptibility in Quantum Ising model --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6 --- Numerical comparison --- p.36 / Chapter 3 --- The Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1 --- Literature Review --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Scaling Behaviour --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Quantum Phase Transition --- p.42 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Mathematical formalism --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Conserved quantities --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2 --- Energy spectrum for isotropic case --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3 --- Energy spectrum for anisotropic case --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- The Holstein-Primakoff mapping --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Bogoliubov transformation for Boson systems --- p.53 / Chapter 3.4 --- Fidelity susceptibility in the isotropic case --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- h> h0 --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- h0 > h> h1 --- p.57 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- h1 > h > h2 --- p.57 / Chapter 3.5 --- Fidelity susceptibility in the anisotropic case --- p.60 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- "h > 1, driving by γ - xF(γ)" --- p.60 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- "h > 1, driving by h - xF(h)" --- p.62 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- "h < 1, driving by γ - xF(γ)" --- p.63 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- "h < 1, driving by h - xF(h)" --- p.64 / Chapter 3.6 --- Discussion and numerical analysis --- p.65 / Chapter 3.7 --- A possible resolution to the isotropic case: Partial-state fidelity and its susceptibility --- p.71 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- Review of the formalism --- p.72 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- Continuous level crossing and fidelity in the isotropic model --- p.74 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- Partial-state fidelity susceptibility --- p.77 / Chapter 4 --- Numerical Approach to Fidelity Susceptibility --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Scaling Ansatz and Critical exponents --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2 --- Examples --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- One Dimensional Quantum Ising model --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- LMG model --- p.86 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Two Dimensional Quantum Ising model --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Two Dimensional XXZ model --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- One Dimensional Heisenberg model --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.100 / Chapter 5 --- Summary --- p.105 / Bibliography --- p.106

Chan, Wenling = 某些一維強關聯系統中量子糾纏的行為 / 陳文嶺. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-97). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chan, Wenling = Mou xie yi wei qiang guan lian xi tong zhong liang zi jiu chan de xing wei / Chen Wenling. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Entanglement --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Thermal entanglement --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Quantum information theory and correlations --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Quantum phase transition --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Motivation of our study --- p.12 / Chapter 2 --- Entanglement measures --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1 --- Criteria for a good entanglement measure --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- Some popular entanglement measures --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Entropy of entanglement --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Entanglement of formation --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Concurrence --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Negativity --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Other measures --- p.22 / Chapter 3 --- Maximizing thermal entanglement using magnetic fields --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1 --- XY model --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Measurement of thermal entanglement --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3 --- Configurations of fields for maximal thermal entanglement --- p.27 / Chapter 4 --- Correlations in quantum systems --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1 --- Definitions and measures of bipartite correlations --- p.37 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Total correlation --- p.37 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Quantum correlation --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Classical correlation --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2 --- Environmental effects on correlations --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Anisotropic Heisenberg model --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- XY model with nonuniform magnetic field --- p.44 / Chapter 5 --- Quantum phase transition in asymmetric Hubbard model --- p.51 / Chapter 5.1 --- Asymmetric Hubbard model --- p.51 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- The Hamiltonian --- p.52 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Perturbation expansion in large-U limit --- p.53 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- The phases --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2 --- Density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method --- p.57 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Basic concepts --- p.58 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Algorithm --- p.60 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Measurements of observables --- p.67 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Improvements --- p.68 / Chapter 5.3 --- Entanglement as the phase transition indicator --- p.71 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Two-site entanglement --- p.72 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Block entanglement --- p.73 / Chapter 5.4 --- Numerical results and analysis --- p.74 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Away from half-filling --- p.74 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Half-filling --- p.79 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.88 / Bibliography --- p.91

Li, Ying Wai = 安德森模型下量子相變的數值研究 / 李盈慧. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-72). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Li, Ying Wai = Andesen mo xing xia liang zi xiang bian de shu zhi yan jiu / Li, Yinghui. / Chapter 1 --- Review on Anderson Models and Quantum Phase Transitions --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The Anderson Impurity Model --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Periodic Anderson Model --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Quantum Phase Transitions (QPTs) --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Motivation of this project --- p.4 / Chapter 2 --- Studies on the Ground State Energy of Periodic Anderson Model --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Background --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Hamiltonian and Physical Meanings of Lattice Anderson Model --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- The first term: -t ´iσ （c+̐ưσci+lσ + h.c.) --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The second term: Ef´iσ̐ưfiσ --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- The third term: V ´ ̐ưσ (c+iσ̐ư̐ưσ + h.c.) --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- The fourth term: U ̐ưσ´ nfitnfi↓ --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- The whole Hamiltonian --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- Non-Interacting Case of Lattice Anderson Model --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- The Hamiltonian in momentum space --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- The conduction band eK --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- The band energies ±K --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- The energy band gap Δ --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Green's functions at finite temperature --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4 --- Perturbation in U for symmetric model --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Previous Results --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Ground state energy at finite temperature by time-dependent perturbation theory --- p.18 / Chapter 3 --- Numerical Integration using Wang-Landau Sampling --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1 --- Background --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2 --- Wang-Landau integration --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Description of the method --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Correspondence between Wang-Landau sampling for physical systems and Wang-Landau integration --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Application to one- and two-dimensional test integrals . --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- An example of a potential application: Perturbative calculation of the lattice Anderson model --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Discussion and summary --- p.35 / Chapter 4 --- Studies on QPT of Anderson Impurity Model by Quantum Entanglement --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1 --- Background --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2 --- Formalism --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Hamiltonian --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Conditions Used in Our Study --- p.40 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Quantifying Quantum Entanglement: Entropy and Concurrence --- p.41 / Chapter 4.3 --- Numerical Results --- p.45 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Method --- p.45 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Finite Size Effects of the Ground State Energy --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Finite Size Effects of the Von Neumann Entropy --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Finite Size Effects of the Fermionic Concurrence --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.58 / Chapter 5 --- Fidelity in Critical Phenomena --- p.59 / Chapter 5.1 --- Background --- p.59 / Chapter 5.2 --- Ground State Fidelity and Dynamic Structure Factor --- p.60 / Chapter 5.3 --- Mixed-state fidelity and thermal phase transitions --- p.63 / Chapter 5.4 --- Summary --- p.64 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.66 / Bibliography --- p.69

L'évolution par sélection naturelle se compose d'une succession de trois étapes : mutations, sélection et prolifération. Nous nous intéressons à la description et à la caractérisation du résultat d'une étape de sélection dans une population composée de nombreux variants. Après sélection, cette population va être dominée par les quelques meilleurs variants, ceux qui ont la plus grande capacité à être sélectionnés, ou plus grande « sélectivité ». Nous posons la question suivante : comment est distribuée la sélectivité des meilleurs variants dans la population? La théorie des valeurs extrêmes, qui caractérise les queues extrêmes des distributions de probabilités en terme de 3 classes d'universalités, a été proposée pour répondre à cette question. Pour tester cette proposition et identifier les classes d'universalités rencontrées dans ce genre de problème, nous avons procédé à une sélection quantitative de banques composées de $10^5$ variants d'anticorps grâce à la technique du phage display. Les données obtenues par séquençage à haut débit du résultat de la sélection de nos banques nous permettent d'ajuster la distribution de sélectivités obtenue sur plus de deux décades. / Evolution by natural selection involves the succession of three steps: mutations, selection and proliferation. We are interested in describing and characterizing the result of selection over a population of many variants. After selection, this population will be dominated by the few best variants, with highest propensity to be selected, or highest “selectivity”. We ask the following question: how is the selectivity of the best variants distributed in the population? Extreme value theory, which characterizes the extreme tail of probability distributions in terms of a few universality class, has been proposed to describe it. To test this proposition and identify the relevant universality class, we performed quantitative in vitro experimental selections of libraries of > $10^5$ antibodies using the technique of phage display. Data obtained by high-throughput sequencing allows us to fit the selectivity distribution over more than two decades. In most experiments, the results show a striking power law for the selectivity distribution of the top antibodies, consistent with extreme value theory.