In this study, the objective was to develop a method of predicting the energy-absorption capability of composite subfloor beam structures. Before it is possible to develop such an analysis capability, an in-depth understanding of the crushing process of composite materials must be achieved. Many variables affect the crushing process of composite structures, such as the constituent materials’ mechanical properties, specimen geometry, and crushing speed. A comprehensive experimental evaluation of tube specimens was conducted to develop insight into how composite structural elements crush and what are the controlling mechanisms In this study, the four characteristic crushing modes, transverse shearing, brittle fracturing, lamina bending, and local buckling were identified and the mechanisms that control the crushing process defined. An in-depth understanding was developed of how material properties, affect energy-absorption capability. For example, an increase in fiber and matrix stiffness and failure strain can, depending upon the configuration of the tube, increase energy-absorption capability. An analysis to predict the energy-absorption capability of composite tube specimens was developed and verified. Good agreement between experiment and prediction was obtained. Sine-wave and integrally stiffened composite beams were evaluated. Composite energy-absorbing beams crush in modes similar to tubular specimens that are made from the same material and have similar geometry. Energy-absorption trends of the composite beams are similar to energy-absorption trends from composite tube specimens. Composite beams are equal or superior energy absorbers to comparable geometry metallic beams. Finally, a simple and accurate method of predicting the energy-absorption capability of composite beams was developed. This analysis is based upon the energy-absorption capability of the beams’ constituent elements. / Ph. D.

Abstract not available

No description available.

Orientador: João Alberto Venegas Requena / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T15:12:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Branco_RenatoHenriqueFerreira_M.pdf: 3986850 bytes, checksum: 072a11037e6f4092c809ec3cc6180f9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar análises comparativas entre estruturas metálicas treliçadas tubulares planas considerando as vinculações entre as barras como rotuladas e estruturas metálicas treliçadas tubulares planas considerando as vinculações entre as barras como rígidas. A motivação deste estudo foi determinar qual a importância da rigidez das barras no dimensionamento das mesmas estruturas quando são consideradas diferentes vinculações entre as barras. Foram encontradas diferenças nos dimensionamentos quando as barras são ¿curtas¿ e conseqüentemente, bastante rígidas. Nestes casos, onde as barras são rígidas, a consideração de rótula leva a resultados que não condizem com o comportamento real da estrutura e, conseqüentemente, a um dimensionamento inadequado da estrutura tubular. Para agilizar as análises, foi desenvolvido um software que automatiza as etapas principais de um projeto de estruturas metálicas tubulares planas, com o objetivo de enquadrar tais análises em condições que respeitem os parâmetros normativos de ângulos entre barras, limites de esbeltez, entre outros. As etapas automatizadas foram: geração automática de determinadas geometrias, cálculo dos coeficientes de pressão e forma do vento e pressão dinâmica, carregamento automático da estrutura, cálculo estrutural e dimensionamento da estrutura. O programa possui uma interface amigável, integrada e ágil que permite aos projetistas de estruturas metálicas realizarem diversas análises possibilitando de forma rápida a escolha da solução mais adequada para a estrutura / Abstract: This research has the objective to present a comparative analysis between steel plane tubular trusses that consider the member¿s end connections as released and steel tubular plane trusses that consider the member¿s end connections as non-released (rigid). This study intends to measure the member¿s stiffness importance for the design of these members when them are considered released or not. It was found differences when the members were ¿short¿ and very rigid. In this cases, when the members were rigid, the released consideration takes to results that don¿t represent the real behavior of the structure and, consequently, to an inadequate design of the tubular structure. To make the analysis faster, it was developed a software that automate the major steps of a steel tubular structure design, with the objective to fit the analysis in the standard design recommendations, like angles between members, stiffness limits, and others. The automated steps were: automatic generation of geometries, automatic wind pressure calculation, automatic structure load insertion, structural analysis and steel structure design based on Brazilian codes. The software has a friendly interface, which allows engineers realize several analyses and, thus, choose the most adequate solution for the structure / Mestrado / Estruturas / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

published_or_final_version / abstract / Civil Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Recent tragedies involving the collapse of several large and prominent buildings have brought international attention to the subject of progressive collapse, and the field of structural engineering is actively investigating ways to better protect structures from such catastrophic failures. One focus of these investigations is the behavior and performance of shear tab connections in steel structures during progressive collapse events. The shear tab, a simple connection, is typically modeled as a perfect pin in standard design, but in progressive collapse analysis, a much more accurate model of its true behavior and limits is required. This report documents the development of a simple yet accurate shear tab model and its use in understanding the behavior and limits of shear tab connections in column removal scenarios. Particular attention is paid to the connections’ axial force limit state, an aspect of behavior that is typically unimportant in standard design. / text

As vigas mistas de aço e concreto são elementos estruturais que resultam da associação de um perfil de aço laminado, formado a frio ou soldado, e de uma laje de concreto podendo esta ser moldada in loco, pré-fabricada ou com forma de aço incorporada. A construção de vigas mistas com laje de vigotas pré-moldadas de concreto não é prevista pela norma brasileira de dimensionamento de elementos de aço NBR 8800:2008 e poucos estudos foram realizados até o momento. Geralmente, os estudos realizados sobre vigas mistas são feitos em modelos compostos por perfil de aço e uma faixa de laje denominada largura efetiva. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um estudo teórico e experimental de vigas mistas fazendo parte de um pavimento tipo. O objetivo principal foi o estudo do comportamento das vigas mistas pertencentes a um pavimento tipo quando submetidas a diferentes tipos de carregamentos, distribuídos e concentrados, verificação da formação de fissuras na laje e a importância de considerar uma faixa de laje maciça na região da largura efetiva sobre as vigas. A análise numérica foi realizada utilizando o pacote comercial ANSYS e por meio das expressões de cálculo fornecidas pela norma brasileira de aço e adaptações para consideração da pré-laje de concreto. Os resultados mostraram um bom desempenho das vigas mistas comparadas com a resistência de cálculo de acordo com as expressões fornecidas pela norma para vigas mistas com pré-laje de concreto e a importância da execução de uma faixa maciça na região da largura efetiva. / The composite steel and concrete beams are structural elements witch results of association by a hot rolled, cold formed or welded steel beam and concrete slab which can be made in site, precast or with steel deck. The design of composite beams made with slab made with precast type lattice joist isn\'t anticipated by the brazilian code and a few studies has been made up to now. Usually, the studies about composite beams are made with steel beam and a concrete\'s zone called a slab\'s effective width. In this work a teorical and experimetal studies were presented with a frame\'s composite beams. The aim of this work was investigate the behaviour when differents loads, distributed and concentrated, were apllied, find out if cracks appeared and the importance of design a solid slab on the effective width\'s regions. The theorical analysis made using the code ANSYS v.10.0 and with expressions of brazilian code for composite beams with precast slabs. The results have shown a good agreement with code\'s analitical models and teh importance of design a solid slab on the effective width\'s regions.

Concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns are widely used in building and infrastructure projects throughout the world.Compared with other form of construction CFST columns offer superior structural performance and speed and ease of construction.Design procedures and recommendations provided in most of the design codes are often tedious and complex. There have been attempts to simplify the design procedure by providing a simplified expression to predict the capacity of a CFST under a general loading condition.In this thesis a rigorous analysis procedure was presented for the analysis of CFST beam-columns under general loading conditions.All the analytical results were verified by comparisons with the available test results and current ACI, AISC AND Eurocode 4 design codes. The comparisons demonstrated that the proposed numerical equations are accurate, and slightly conservative. Based on the numerical analysis, a simple and easy to follow calculation procedure was proposed for design of CFST columns under either uniaxial or biaxial bending moment and axial load. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

RESUME Les problèmes du comportement dynamique des structures ont une importance technique considérable. Parmi de nombreuses applications plus particulièrement dans le domaine du Génie Civil pour lesquelles la prise en compte de leffet de la vitesse de déformation est nécessaire, on peut citer les problèmes de prévision de la durée de vie, destimation de la sûreté et de la fiabilité des structures. On sen sert dans lanalyse du comportement dynamique non linéaire des structures sollicitées au-delà de la limite élastique ; comme le cas des éléments dune structure exposée aux chocs ou dune structure soumise aux sollicitations violentes comme le cas des sollicitations sismiques. Leffet de la vitesse de déformation peut entraîner la mise hors service de la structure ou de ses éléments constitutifs et causer des dommages matériels et des pertes humaines. Ce comportement agit par le biais de la rupture fragile qui résulte dune réduction des déformations plastiques et de la capacité dissipative de la structure. Lors des séismes respectifs de Northridge 1995 et de Kobe 1994, divers types de ruptures sont identifiées au niveau de la jonction poutre poteau. Ces ruptures sont dûes essentiellement à linsuffisance de ductilité. Des programmes de recherche expérimentale ont été réalisés à travers le monde sur des structures prototypes pour évaluer entre autre l'effet de la vitesse de déformations sur le comportement des assemblages soudés. Au Japon et aux Etats-Unis, cette démarche expérimentale a été mise en ouvre afin didentifier les causes des ruptures dassemblages. En Europe, le progrès des connaissances sest poursuivi, grâce à des activités de recherche visant à lamélioration continue des codes parasismiques. Dans lobjectif détudier linfluence de la vitesse de déformation sur le comportement des structures en zone sismique un programme dessai complet est réalisé à lUniversité de Liège. Les simulations numériques sont conduites à laide du logiciel DRAIN-HASSOUNI dont la version dorigine est appelée DRAIN-2D et dans laquelle on a incorporé le modèle de PERZYNA pour tenir compte de linfluence de la vitesse de déformation.