A crescente pressão mundial pelo desenvolvimento de tecnologias automotivas menos poluentes de emissões de combustíveis, incluindo o de combustiveis alternativos, foi a forma de impulsionar a tecnologia do Biodiesel, de origem não fóssil, derivados de fontes renováveis, visando substituir, gradualmente, o uso do óleo diesel, na matriz energética mundial. A diretiva americana “Clean air Act amendment of 1990", a Lei S-517 e a diretiva européia “2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 May 2003" instituíram a adição do Biodiesel no óleo diesel. Nos Estados Unidos, este teor é de 20%, e, na Europa, é obrigatória a adição de 2%, em 2005, e será de 5,75%, em 2010. Dentro deste contexto, o Biodiesel necessita ser implementado no Brasil, de maneira gradual. A Lei brasileira 11097/05 tornará obrigatória sua adição de 2% (Biodiesel B2), em 2008 (ou de cerca de 840 milhões de litros de Biodiesel, do montante estimado de demanda do óleo diesel, de 42 bilhões de litros, em 2008), e de 5% (Biodiesel B5), em 2013. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de se identificarem alguns gargalos existentes, no âmbito técnico-econômico, no Programa Brasileiro do Biodiesel, e o de se estabelecer um plano de ação para o sucesso da implementação deste programa. No plano de ação, estão traçados possíveis cenários, com dois focos distintos: o de receita líquida máxima ao governo, sendo esta uma visão parcial de custeio (através dos cenários de substituição de importações do óleo diesel pelo Biodiesel e da introdução de óleo diesel / Biodiesel em veículos leves), e o do número máximo de empregos gerados, em 2008 e em 2013. A metodologia de pesquisa se baseia em pesquisa bibliográfica e na análise de dados coletados, que apontam para a urgente necessidade de isenção de impostos e de subsídios governamentais, para se viabilizar a produção das oleaginosas da mamona e da soja, a preços competitivos em relação ao óleo diesel. Dentro deste contexto, a mamona só se torna viável no âmbito social e técnico-social, de geração máxima de empregos, ao passo que as demais podem ser inseridas no contexto econômico e técnico-econômico, de receita líquida máxima ao governo. / The increasing demand for the development of automotive technologies of less polluting fuel emissions, including that of alternative fuels, has been the way to foster Biodiesel technology, of non-fossil origin, derived from renewable sources, aiming at gradually substituting the use of diesel oil, in the worldwide energetic matrix. The american directive “Clean air Act amendment of 1990" , the Law S-517, and the European directive “2003/30/EC of the European Parliament of the Council of 8 May 2003" established the addition of Biodiesel in diesel oil. In the United States, this percentage is of 20%, and, in Europe, it is compulsory the addition of 2%, in 2005, and will be of 5,75%, in 2010. From that prospective, the Biodiesel needs to be gradually implemented in Brazil. The brazilian Law 11097/05 will demand the addition of 2% (Biodiesel B2), in 2008 (or about 840 millions of Biodiesel liters, of the estimated amount of diesel oil demand, of 42 billions of liters, in 2008), and of 5% (Biodiesel B5), in 2013. The objective of this project is to identify some existing shortfalls, on an technical-economic assessment, in the Brazilian Biodiesel Program, and to establish a workplan in order to achieve the success of this program. In this workplan, possible scenarios are identified, with two different focus: maximum government net revenue, on a partial cost prospective (via the scenarios of diesel oil importation replacement by Biodiesel and of diesel oil / Biodiesel intruction into light vehicles) and maximum jobs generation, in 2008 and in 2013. The research methodology is based on bibliographic survey and on data analysis, which shows the urgent need to viabilize castor and soybean oilseeds on competitive prices compared to that of diesel oil. From that prospective, castor is only viable on a social and technical-social aspect, of maximum employment generation, whereas the remaining oilseeds can be inserted into the economic and technical-economic context, of maximum governmental net income.

A estratégia organizacional tem sido um importante campo de pesquisa, com destaque para o tema da elaboração das estratégias. Para compreender tal processo, é preciso levar em consideração as forças que influenciam essa construção. O conceito de formação das estratégias indica a interação entre o processo deliberado e formal de planejamento estratégico e o conjunto de influências (cognitivas, culturais e políticas, ambientais, entre outras) que condicionam tanto o processo de elaboração das estratégias quanto a sua eventual execução. A presente pesquisa enfoca o processo formal de elaboração de estratégias, em organizações nas quais este é claramente definido; e exclui expressamente a questão da execução. O autor entende que, nas organizações pesquisadas: (a) o conceito de formação de estratégias se aplica à etapa de planejamento formal, ampliando a ideia de formulação de estratégias; (b) o conceito de estratégias emergentes se manifestaria apenas na etapa de execução, portanto, encontra-se além do escopo do presente estudo. Este estudo parte do modelo descritivo de formação de estratégias, desenvolvido por Barbero (2008) a partir da sua pesquisa em empresas industriais no estado de São Paulo. Tal modelo traz dez elementos, que estabelecem cinco dimensões de análise do processo de formação de estratégias organizacionais. Na presente pesquisa, o instrumento de pesquisa desenvolvido e utilizado por Barbero (2008) é adaptado a uma abordagem qualitativa, com ênfase aos executivos envolvidos no processo de elaboração de estratégias de organizações que apresentam processos formalizados de planejamento estratégico. Esta pesquisa se justifica pela importância da aplicação do modelo conceitual de Barbero (2008), em outro contexto organizacional específico, e por adotar uma abordagem qualitativa. Espera-se, assim, contribuir para a compreensão da elaboração de estratégias organizacionais, em especial no que tange ao papel da deliberação, vista em confronto com as forças que exercem influências sobre tal processo. O resultado mostra que nas organizações estudadas, no momento formal de formação de estratégias suas características marcantes são desenvolvidas de forma visionária, discricionária, política, racional e deliberada. A política e a intuição se apresentam como potência e moldam o processo de múltiplas formas e consequências, permanecendo em aberto a antiga questão de como são efetivamente formadas as estratégias organizacionais, as quais, aparentemente, dependem das particularidades de cada organização e seu ambiente de atuação. / The organizational strategy has been an important field of research, especially on the area of strategy formulation. In order to understand such a process, one must take into account the forces that influence this construction. The strategy formation concept indicates the interaction between the deliberate and formal process of strategic planning and a set of influences (cognitive, cultural and political, environmental, among others). They condition both the strategy elaboration process and its eventual execution. The present research focuses on the formal strategic development process in organizations in which the process is clearly defined and expressly excludes the issue of enforcement and implementation. The author understands that at the organizations researched: (a) the concept of strategy formation applies to the formal planning stage, broadening the idea of strategy formulation; (B) the concept of emergent strategies would manifest itself only in the execution stage, therefore, it is beyond the scope of the present study. This study is based on the descriptive model of strategy formation developed by Barbero (2008) and on his research which is applied to industrial companies in the state of São Paulo. This model brings ten elements establishing five dimensions of analysis of the process of forming organizational strategies. In the present research, the research tool developed and used by Barbero (2008) is adapted to a qualitative approach with an emphasis on the executives involved in the strategy elaboration process of organizations that present formalized processes of strategic planning. This research is justified by the importance of applying the conceptual model of Barbero (2008) in another specific organizational context and by adopting a qualitative approach. Therefore, it is expected to contribute to the understanding of the elaboration of organizational strategies, especially regarding the role of deliberation, analysed in comparison with the forces exerting influence on this process. The result shows that in the organizations studied, in the formal moment of strategy formation, its defining characteristics are developed in a visionary, discretionary, political, rational and deliberate way. Politics and intuition are presented as powerful and shape the process in multiple forms and consequences. The question of how are effectively formed the organizational strategies still remains open and apparently depends on the particularities of each organization and its operating environment .

O objetivo desse trabalho foi elaborar uma proposta de modelo de planejamento estratégico aplicável à realidade das empresas de serviços profissionais, especialmente no setor odontológico. Para isso, foram estudados os aspectos teóricos relevantes ao tema, as características da indústria de serviços profissionais com foco em Odontologia, e o caso de uma empresa representativa do setor. A proposta elaborada, fundamentada pela extensa pesquisa realizada, propõe a reunião dos aspectos teóricos de planejamento estratégico às características tão particulares desse setor e das empresas que o compõem. O resultado desse trabalho é uma contribuição à limitada literatura existente sobre gestão de serviços odontológicos, à própria comunidade odontológica brasileira, devido ao profundo diagnóstico apresentado para o setor e também para a produção acadêmica e científica da Escola Politécnica e da Universidade de São Paulo. / The goal of this work was to develop a proposal of a strategic planning model that fits the reality of professional service firms, especially in the Dentistry sector. With that purpose, it studied the concepts related to the topic, the main characteristics and particularities of professional service firms, with emphasis on Dentistry and developed a case study of a firm representative of the sector. The developed model, based on an extensive research, proposes joining the theoretical features of strategic planning with the very particular characteristics of this sector and its companies. The result of this work is a contribution to the limited literature about management of Dentistry services, to the Brazilian Dentistry community, because of the deep diagnosis presented for the sector, and to the academic and scientific production of the Escola Politécnica and of Universidade of São Paulo.

by Chau Man Ming, Amy, Wong Pik Ha, Elsa. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-52). / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Charts --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.vii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Financial Institutions in Hong Kong --- p.2 / Categorising Banks in Hong Kong --- p.3 / By the Legal Banking Structure --- p.3 / By the Country of Incorporation --- p.4 / By the Country of Ownership --- p.4 / Assets and Liabilities of Licensed Banks --- p.5 / Assets --- p.5 / Liabilities --- p.6 / Chapter II. --- The Banking System --- p.7 / The Market Structure --- p.7 / Evolving to the Current Banking System --- p.8 / Exciting Economic Growth and Technological Advances --- p.9 / Government Policies --- p.10 / The Banking Crisis --- p.11 / Central Banking in Hong Kong --- p.13 / Chapter III. --- The Heyday --- p.16 / The Bankers' Paradise --- p.17 / Turn of The Cycle --- p.20 / Chapter IV. --- The Changing Environment --- p.22 / Loan Growth on a Tightrope --- p.23 / Mortgage Loan Percentage Capped --- p.24 / Trade Finance on a Downtrend --- p.26 / Funding Constrained --- p.28 / Escalating Costs Getting Out of Control --- p.28 / Labour Costs on the High Side --- p.29 / Office Rentals Going Up --- p.29 / Consumer Council Calls for Abolition of IRA --- p.30 / Competition Heating Up --- p.31 / Interest Rate Spreads Narrowing --- p.32 / Need for Funds Drives up Global Interest Rates --- p.33 / Shadow Cast on Investment Outlook for Hong Kong --- p.34 / Chapter V. --- Lifting Up Bank Earnings Growth Again --- p.36 / Tighter Cost Control to Improve Operating Efficiencies --- p.36 / Comparing Assets/Branch Ratio --- p.37 / Comparing Loans/Branch Ratio --- p.38 / Comparing Deposits/Branch Ratio --- p.39 / Bettering Productivity --- p.39 / Almost Impossible to Improve Interest Income --- p.40 / Improve Yield Spread of Assets --- p.41 / Securitise Loan Portfolio --- p.41 / Sharpen Competitive Edge --- p.42 / Issuance of Bonds or NCDs --- p.42 / Issuance of Share Capital --- p.43 / Shifting to Non-interest Income --- p.44 / Exploring Opportunities for Fee Income --- p.45 / Arranging and Managing Syndicated Loans......: --- p.45 / More Focused on Consumer Banking --- p.46 / Underwriting and Consultancy Services --- p.46 / Chapter VI. --- Conclusion --- p.48 / Bibliography --- p.50

by Chan Yee-kwong. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-256). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vi / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.viii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.xiii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xiv / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.xvi / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / General Background --- p.1 / Major Characteristics of the Hong Kong Banking Industry --- p.3 / Legal Categorization of Banks in Hong Kong --- p.4 / Market Structure of the Hong Kong Banking Industry --- p.6 / "Distribution of Assets, Deposits, and Liabilities by Country of Beneficial Ownership" --- p.13 / Characteristics of Assets and Liabilities of Licensed Banks --- p.14 / Sources of Funds --- p.14 / Uses of Funds --- p.16 / Summary --- p.18 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW ON BANKING ENVIRONMENT AND BANKING STRATEGY --- p.20 / Review on Banking Environment --- p.20 / Banking Environment in General --- p.20 / The Hong Kong Banking Environment --- p.25 / Overview --- p.25 / Recent Environmental Developments --- p.27 / Review on Banking Strategy --- p.34 / Banking Strategy in General --- p.34 / Banking Strategy in Hong Kong --- p.41 / Overview --- p.41 / Major Strategic Group under Investigation --- p.43 / "´ب Current Strategic Practices of HSBG, CRBG, ABG, JBG, EBG and LCBG" --- p.49 / Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Group (HSBG) --- p.49 / China Related Banking Group (CRBG) --- p.52 / American Banking Group (ABG) --- p.54 / Japanese Banking Group (JBG) --- p.57 / European Banking Group (EBG) --- p.59 / Local Chinese Banking Group (LCBG) --- p.61 / Summary --- p.63 / Chapter III. --- PROPOSED FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING BANKING ENVIRONMENT AND STRATEGY --- p.65 / An Overview of Strategy Formulation --- p.65 / Proposed Framework for Strategy Formulation --- p.66 / Environmental Assessment --- p.68 / Internal Assessment --- p.70 / Strategic Responses --- p.73 / Corporate Mission/Objectives --- p.73 / Major Strategy Alternatives --- p.76 / Generic Strategy --- p.76 / Major Market and Product --- p.80 / Strategic Group Factor and Its Relationship with Other Strategic Elements --- p.80 / Banking Group vs Environmental Perception --- p.81 / Banking Group vs Competitive Advantages --- p.82 / Banking Group vs Strategic Responses --- p.84 / Summary --- p.85 / Chapter IV. --- HYPOTHESES AND METHODOLOGY --- p.86 / Problem Statements .and Research Objectives --- p.86 / Scope of Study and Terms of Reference --- p.87 / Hypothesis Setting --- p.88 / Perception of the Future Banking Environment --- p.88 / Overall Banking Environment --- p.88 / Major Environmental Developments --- p.90 / Most Favourable Environmental Factors --- p.91 / Growing Economic Integration with China --- p.91 / Fast Economic Growth in the Asia Pacific Region --- p.96 / Increasing Internationalization of Hong Kong's Financial Markets --- p.98 / Most Unfavourable Environmental Factors --- p.101 / Internal Political Conditions --- p.101 / Rising Operating Costs --- p.105 / Difference in Environmental Perception --- p.109 / Difference in Competitive Advantages --- p.111 / Superior Skills --- p.111 / Systems or Arrangements --- p.113 / Resources --- p.115 / Cultural Advantages --- p.117 / Difference in Strategic Responses --- p.117 / Corporate Objective and Strategic Focus --- p.118 / Generic Strategy --- p.120 / Major Market and Product --- p.121 / Research Design --- p.124 / Collection of Secondary Data --- p.124 / Collection of Primary Data --- p.125 / In-depth Personal Interview --- p.126 / Mail Survey --- p.127 / Data Analysis --- p.129 / Discussion on Methodology --- p.130 / Chapter V. --- COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY DATA --- p.133 / In-Depth Interviews --- p.133 / Synthesis of the Interviews --- p.135 / Detail of the Mail Survey --- p.135 / Sample Profile --- p.140 / Major Findings of the Survey --- p.142 / Banking Environment --- p.142 / Hypothesis 1 - Deterioration of the Overall Banking Environment --- p.143 / Hypothesis 2 - The Most Favourable Environmental Factors --- p.147 / Hypothesis 3 - The Most Unfavourable Environmental Factors --- p.148 / Inter-group Comparison --- p.150 / Current Environment --- p.151 / Future Environment --- p.152 / Hypotheses 4 and 5 - Difference in Environmental Perception --- p.152 / Sources of Competitive Advantages --- p.154 / Hypotheses 6 to 12 - Difference in Competitive Advantages --- p.154 / Respective Competitiveness of Banking Groups --- p.159 / Strategic Responses --- p.162 / Corporate Objective --- p.163 / Major Corporate Objective --- p.163 / Desired Pace of Growth --- p.164 / Hypotheses 13 to 14 - Strategic Focus --- p.166 / Hypotheses 15 to 17 - Generic Strategy --- p.168 / Major Market and Product --- p.171 / Hypothesis 18 - Target Market --- p.171 / Hypothesis 19 - Major Business --- p.174 / Summary of Results from Primary Data Analysis --- p.179 / Chapter VI. --- STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS --- p.181 / Changing Banking Environment --- p.181 / Comparison between Current and Future Environments --- p.181 / The Most Favourable Environmental Developments --- p.183 / The Most Unfavourable Environmental Developments --- p.185 / Competitive Advantages of the Banks --- p.188 / Strategic Responses of the Banks --- p.191 / Corporate Objective --- p.191 / Strategic Focus and Generic Strategy --- p.192 / Target Market --- p.195 / Major Banking Offerings --- p.196 / Summary --- p.199 / Difference among Banking Groups --- p.200 / Overview --- p.200 / Difference in Competitive Advantages --- p.201 / Relative Competitiveness of Different Banking Groups --- p.202 / Major Strategic Differences among Different Banking Groups --- p.203 / Possible Effect of Business Domain on Strategy --- p.203 / Basic Strategic Mode of the Banking Groups --- p.208 / Epitome --- p.211 / Chapter VII. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.213 / APPENDICES --- p.220 / REFERENCES --- p.237

There exists only sparse empirical data that is concerned with universities’ responses to globalisation. This study explores how and why higher education institutions in Ontario, Canada have responded to aspects of globalisation. It examines the policy context and the processes and priorities in institutional responses. First, the varying meanings and interpretations of the concept of globalisation are examined, alongside its relationship to terms such as glonacalisation, internationalisation, cross-border and borderless education. One particular element of globalisation: the recruitment of non-domestic students, is determined as the anchor point for the empirical research. Using a predominantly qualitative, mixed-methods approach, documentary research provides a foundation and framework of understanding from which detailed, empirical research is used to explore globalisation at each university studied. In the empirical study, the policy context for higher education in Ontario and Canada is first determined before aspects of each case study university are quantified. Thirdly, and most importantly, a qualitative, multiple case study approach is used to achieve a depth of understanding to establish each university’s institutional strategies and practices in response to globalisation. This allows for issues to be probed and conclusions to be drawn in a way that would not have been possible using a purely quantitative approach. Several similarities and many differences are revealed in the institutional responses that are explained in terms of policy context, institutional culture, strategic planning, institutional characteristics and settings. From these are derived some suggested adjustments to institutional strategies for each of the case study universities. More general recommendations follow, aimed at policy makers and institutional leaders, which if acted upon would improve the impact of universities’ responses to globalisation across Ontario. Suggestions for further research are given before the thesis concludes with a summary of the author’s professional and personal development during the course of the DBA.

This study examines the paradigm shift in urban planning towards a strategic spatial approach by investigating the effects of new strategic plans and policies on large-scale urban development projects (UDP’s). Specifically, it compares the impacts of new planning legislation and strategic local plans introduced in New York, Paris and Sao Paulo on three UDP’s in each city by evaluating the impacts on the development programs, implementation process and public benefits delivered from 2001 to 2012. The study provides an overview of the literature on strategic spatial planning theory and practice, comparative planning systems and large-scale urban public/ private developments to describe the overarching ‘spatial turn’ in planning and establish how different planning cultures influence plan making and what the consequences are for public/ private development, focusing on the mechanisms of flexibility provided by strategic plans to address the planning and financing requirements of UDP’s. It argues that despite of the formal differences found between systems as legal constructs, there is a need to investigate if these consequences actually occur and how they are produced. It then presents the case studies of the Special Hudson Yards District in New York City, the ‘Zone d’Amenagement Concerte Clichy-Batignolles’ in Paris and the ‘Operacao Urbana Agua Branca’ in Sao Paulo, focusing on the reform of the local statutes, planning process and implementation using quantitative and qualitative data collected through planning documents, press articles, interviews, observation of public meetings and field research. Each case study is representative of a different planning model where each project was developed after a revision of the local planning statutes and introduction of a new strategic city plan. The study finds that despite the formal differences between strategic plans, UDP’s cause planning systems to converge towards a similar intermediate model where policy determination becomes bidirectional and final development programs are determined by both strategic plans and site-specific considerations. The variations found between projects are instead determined by the broader development models present in each case which determine the implementation capacity of cities and ability to capitalize public resources to capture part of the resulting increment in land values and deliver public benefits. The study concludes with proposed implications for planning research and suggestions of policy formulations aimed at improving the ‘public return’ generated by UDP’s.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.