A sustentabilidade emerge rapidamente como um dos principais tópicos para estratégia de negócios e tem sido explorada em diversas frentes de pesquisa. No entanto, a relação entre as práticas sustentáveis e o desempenho apresenta-sedivergente e há ainda estudosque não conseguem comprovar uma relação direta entre estas variáveis. Sendo assim, a literatura sobre este tema apresenta uma característica inconclusiva, o que oportunizou esta pesquisa,cujo objetivo foiverificar se existe relação entre as práticas de operações sustentáveis e as categorias de desempenho e, ainda, se existem fatores moderadores atuando nestas relações. As práticas de operações sustentáveis consideradas incluem ecodesign, cadeia de suprimentos verdes (GSC), produção mais limpa (P+L) e logística reversa, enquanto o desempenho foi dividido em desempenho ambiental, desempenho econômico, desempenho operacional e desempenho organizacional.Relacionando estas práticas sustentáveis com as categorias de desempenho obteve-se 16 hipóteses.Devido ao caráter desta pesquisa em buscar um consenso teórico que contribua para a evolução do conhecimento sobre um tema específico, a metodologia aplicada foi a de revisão sistemática seguida de metanálise. A revisão sistemática encontrou inicialmente 3.825 estudos, dos quais 37 tinham os parâmetros requeridos para realização da metanálise e foram efetivamente utilizados. Como resultados, a hipóteseda relação entre logística reversa e desempenho organizacional não pôde ser testada por insuficiência de dados e, das demais hipóteses, apenas uma não foi aceita: a relação entre as práticas de cadeia de suprimentos verdes e o desempenho econômico. Os moderadores não atuam em duas relações: ecodesign e desempenho operacional, e P+L e desempenho organizacional, mostrando que nestas relações não há fatores interferindo em seus resultados. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-10-21T17:55:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marina D'agostini.pdf: 5640801 bytes, checksum: 6c7d4d0a5259f716e933e3d33603100d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T17:55:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marina D'agostini.pdf: 5640801 bytes, checksum: 6c7d4d0a5259f716e933e3d33603100d (MD5) / Sustainability is rapidly emerging as one of the most important topics for business strategy and have been explored in a lot of research lines. However, the relation between sustainable practices and performance shows divergent results and still there are studiesthat can’t prove a direct relation between the variables. Thus, the literature about this issue shows an inconclusive feature, providing opportunity for this search that aimedto determine whether there is a relationship between sustainable operations practices and performance categories and whether there are moderatingacting in this relationship. Sustainable operations practices considered include ecodesign, green supply chain, cleaner production and reverse logistics, while the performance was divided into environmental, economic, operational and organizational.Connect these sustainable operations practices with performance categories there was obtained 16 hypothesis. Due to the goal of this research to seek a theoretical consensus that contributes to the evolution of knowledge about a specific issue, the methodology applied was a systematic review followed by a meta-analysis. The systematic review initially found 3.825 studies of which 37 had the parameters required to perform the meta-analysis and were effectively used.As results, thehypothesis of the relationship between reverse logistics and organizational performance can’t be tested due to insufficient data and, among the others hypotheses, only one was not accepted: the relationship between green supply chain practices and economic performance. About the moderating , they don’t acting in two relationships: ecodesign and operational performance and cleaner production and organizational performance, showing that in these relations there aren’t factors interfering in their results.

A sustentabilidade emerge rapidamente como um dos principais tópicos para estratégia de negócios e tem sido explorada em diversas frentes de pesquisa. No entanto, a relação entre as práticas sustentáveis e o desempenho apresenta-sedivergente e há ainda estudosque não conseguem comprovar uma relação direta entre estas variáveis. Sendo assim, a literatura sobre este tema apresenta uma característica inconclusiva, o que oportunizou esta pesquisa,cujo objetivo foiverificar se existe relação entre as práticas de operações sustentáveis e as categorias de desempenho e, ainda, se existem fatores moderadores atuando nestas relações. As práticas de operações sustentáveis consideradas incluem ecodesign, cadeia de suprimentos verdes (GSC), produção mais limpa (P+L) e logística reversa, enquanto o desempenho foi dividido em desempenho ambiental, desempenho econômico, desempenho operacional e desempenho organizacional.Relacionando estas práticas sustentáveis com as categorias de desempenho obteve-se 16 hipóteses.Devido ao caráter desta pesquisa em buscar um consenso teórico que contribua para a evolução do conhecimento sobre um tema específico, a metodologia aplicada foi a de revisão sistemática seguida de metanálise. A revisão sistemática encontrou inicialmente 3.825 estudos, dos quais 37 tinham os parâmetros requeridos para realização da metanálise e foram efetivamente utilizados. Como resultados, a hipóteseda relação entre logística reversa e desempenho organizacional não pôde ser testada por insuficiência de dados e, das demais hipóteses, apenas uma não foi aceita: a relação entre as práticas de cadeia de suprimentos verdes e o desempenho econômico. Os moderadores não atuam em duas relações: ecodesign e desempenho operacional, e P+L e desempenho organizacional, mostrando que nestas relações não há fatores interferindo em seus resultados. / Sustainability is rapidly emerging as one of the most important topics for business strategy and have been explored in a lot of research lines. However, the relation between sustainable practices and performance shows divergent results and still there are studiesthat can’t prove a direct relation between the variables. Thus, the literature about this issue shows an inconclusive feature, providing opportunity for this search that aimedto determine whether there is a relationship between sustainable operations practices and performance categories and whether there are moderatingacting in this relationship. Sustainable operations practices considered include ecodesign, green supply chain, cleaner production and reverse logistics, while the performance was divided into environmental, economic, operational and organizational.Connect these sustainable operations practices with performance categories there was obtained 16 hypothesis. Due to the goal of this research to seek a theoretical consensus that contributes to the evolution of knowledge about a specific issue, the methodology applied was a systematic review followed by a meta-analysis. The systematic review initially found 3.825 studies of which 37 had the parameters required to perform the meta-analysis and were effectively used.As results, thehypothesis of the relationship between reverse logistics and organizational performance can’t be tested due to insufficient data and, among the others hypotheses, only one was not accepted: the relationship between green supply chain practices and economic performance. About the moderating , they don’t acting in two relationships: ecodesign and operational performance and cleaner production and organizational performance, showing that in these relations there aren’t factors interfering in their results.

M.Tech. (Industrial Design) / One of the greatest social problems we face as society as a whole and South Africa in particular, is food insecurity. Food insecurity manifests itself in many forms and has a dramatic impact on the wellbeing of people. People need food to survive, but often the food systems they rely on are vulnerable to price shocks and changes, which in turn diminishes their resilience. Local food systems are crucial in reducing vulnerability and improving food security. But often the tools used are not appropriate, especially for household farming. In this study design is used to bring about considered change in the area of household food security, by addressing the tools used for household farming. Household farming is not a typical focus for designers, but well-designed tools could have a dramatic influence on the ability of a household to have a more productive food garden therefore well designed tools is a valuable place for design to be applied. The design intervention of a Household Farming Kit (HFK) and its development is explored. The methods used for the design and development are human-centric in nature, but also acknowledge the opportunity for the designer to have a meaningful influence on the final outcome. The influence could be toward more environmentally sound farming practices. The process adopted used the development of a series of prototype iterations which were evaluated by participants to recommend the alteration or changing of the prototypes. Three phases of prototypes were developed and evaluated, with each building on the knowledge gained from the previous. These were tested predominantly in two locations: Noordgesig outside Johannesburg and Kanana in the North West province in South Africa. The evaluations by the farmers who participated in this study were essential in the development process, in order for the designs to be appropriate to their needs. This study had a very practical focus, with the development of the Household Farming Kit, but it also had a strong methodological focus, experimenting with methods used to design products in a developmental context. The successes and failures of the study are documented in order to contribute to the field of Industrial Design, specifically design research in the area of Design for Development.

Sustainability requires a new pathway and our industry must evolve to be a contributor to finding the right answer, rather than delivering the trusted solutions that have served us well in an industry of unconstrained resources. Aspiration of initiating a dialogue about our professional responsibility: the dialogue must engage with matters beyond engineering and find relevance in the disparate academic research, to drive the pragmatic decision making required by industry. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Architecture / unrestricted

Jag vill med mitt projekt undersöka på vilka sätt en produkt kan vara fördelaktigt både för slutanvändaren och för platsen där vi bryter/skördar materialet. Under arbetet vill jag också arbeta med både havet och människan som intressenter.

The area that once were “The Great Tenochtitlán”, the aztec city surrounded by five lakes, greenery and impressive sustainable systems for housing and agriculture has turned out to be a megacity growing uncontrollably, leaving a negative environmental and social impact within. Over the last 60 years the population has increased from 5.2 to 8.8 million (INEGI 2010) in the Distrito Federal and from 5.7 to 20.8 million in the ZMVM (Metropolitan Area of the Mexican Valley) known as Mexico City, area which is projected to be the third biggest city in the world by 2015 (United Nations 2005). Research Questions: What would it take for a megacity such as Mexico City to take a shift into sustainable urban design and re-development? How can infrastructures such as transit, waste management systems and public spaces interact in a hybrid urban fabric of blue and green structures, in which the natural landscape and the built environment complement each other? Aim: The aim of this study is to address a research in one of the 16 boroughs of Distrito Federal: Tláhuac, which will be the place for the first metro line reaching the urbanized south-east, therefore the activation of the area is imminent. Tláhuac is a borough with an agricultural-urban character. The area is inhabited by middle-low income families. Its connection to the city, commercial areas and public space is deplorable. The site has large areas of non-utilized agricultural land, these areas are constantly squatted, one large plot of land with these characteristics is right next to the site where the new metro line will be built. Methodology and Design Tools: The study and design is supported by the emergent discipline: Landscape Urbanism, its theory of infrastructural landscapes is used as a way to conceal the urban and the regional, and so as the belief that “Landscape has replaced architectural form as the primary medium of city making” (Waldheim 2006). The methodologies used are literature review and spatial analysis. The final outcome is a new way to do urbanism in the post-agricultural areas of Mexico City, by including the preexistent landscapes as the urban fabrics when developing towards a more urban character. The basic design tools are; infrastructural landscapes throughout the use of the canals and chinampas, urban agriculture, eco-housing, recycling stations and inclusion of new services and community areas.

Passive radiative cooling has been extensively studied as a means to cool the exterior surfaces of buildings and reduce space cooling loads. This phenomenon is caused by thermal radiation that is continuously emitted from surfaces on Earth, and transmitted through the atmosphere to outer space (at approximately 3-4 Kelvin temperature scale). To gain a deeper understanding of how terrestrial objects can access this extraterrestrial cold reservoir, I use a theoretical framework derived from classical radiative heat transfer to investigate the radiative properties of surfaces and the atmosphere over a spectrum of wavelengths. In this dissertation, I demonstrate the theoretical cooling potential that can be achieved by surfaces with idealized radiative properties under various atmospheric conditions. While several researchers have optimized the optical properties of their surfaces to emit strongly in wavelength bands corresponding to high atmospheric transparency, I show that a high degree of spectral tailoring is only benefcial when humidity in the atmosphere is low or when a surface can minimize its absorption of solar radiation. Additionally, I prescribe appropriate sets of surface radiative properties that are required to achieve cooling under various solar and atmospheric loads. An evaluation of passive strategies on building envelopes would be incomplete without considering green facades. To that end, I propose a theoretical model to calculate the heat flux reduction offered by green facades. Unlike previously reported works that use the Pennman-Monteith approach to calculate evapotranspiration in a leaf canopy, my model takes a simpler approach in calculating the sensible and latent heat loss from a layer of leaves while preserving prediction accuracy. By extending the theoretical models for passive radiative cooling and green facades to building envelopes, my work provides insights into the appropriate passive strategy suitable for a particular climate. In dry conditions, surface coatings with optically-tuned radiative properties can perform better than green facades by maximizing their thermal emission through the atmosphere. However, the additional evaporative cooling benefits, insulation and aesthetic value offered by green facades may make them more favorable in cooler and more humid climates. Since the cooling performance of all passive strategies is strongly correlated to the local climate, my work indicates that variations in ambient air temperature, solar radiation and humidity must be considered when choosing an appropriate strategy for a building envelope.

The ultimate goal of this research paper was to gain a more acute perspective into the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior, so that architectural design may begin to promote and affect environmentally friendly behavior in its users. The three main fields of psychology that were the focus of this paper were social psychology, environmental psychology, and cognitive psychology, all of which were essential to understanding the unique relationship one has with their built environment. The definitive goal of the sustainability movement, or what I at least think it should be, is the creation of an environmentally friendly society. The widespread use of sustainable architectural design practices has been a great step forward, but if this movement is to be successful, I feel we must focus equally on the relationship between people and their physical environments. Ultimately, the sustainability movement depends less on the architectural environments that we create, and more on the cooperation of the people who occupy those environments.

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