ITC/USA 2006 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Second Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 23-26, 2006 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / This paper is intended to provide background into networking and IP protocols for non-IT personnel. It is not a study of networking and related protocols, as each of these topics would require a much longer period of time to explain. Addressed are considerations that should be required prior to locking a network design into a specific architecture. The systems available today, for the same cost as a good home PC, are becoming capable of performing critical tasks. It is highly recommended that the personnel who know the most about the data and how it will be used communicate with the personnel that know the network. Failing to explain or understand the networking nomenclature causes considerable wasted time and money. This paper is intended to encourage communications between the data creators and the data movers. We also want to demonstrate how new systems, hardware and software, designed to work with existing network devices used in non–telemetry applications, can make implementing IP in telemetry networks easier.

ITC/USA 2007 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Third Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2007 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / In today’s world, computer networking has become common place both in industry as well as home, however all networks are not the same! The Telemetry world, like with many industries, has critical design considerations that need to be evaluated when you begin a new system or just adding on to a current infrastructure. This paper is intended to outline needed considerations when planning or implementing a network design in Telemetry Systems. These applications can range from sensor data transport through High Definition/High Speed Video applications.

ITC/USA 2009 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fifth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2009 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / With the emergence of higher bandwidth Ethernet networks on ranges, many ranges are converting their data transport from ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) networks to Ethernet networks. Both networks have their respective advantages and disadvantages, however one reoccurring issue is product interoperability. The RCC (Range Commanders Council) TTG (Telecommunications and Timing Group) created the Telemetry over IP (TMoIP 218-07) solution with input from various ranges and vendors to solve this issue. This specification allows ranges to use different vendors together for Telemetry over Ethernet, based on specific needs at each site. This paper targets those who are thinking about converting from ATM to Ethernet networks.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The CCSDS SCPS FP file transfer performance is compared with that of TCP/IP FTP in a simulated satellite channel environment. The comparison is made as a function of channel bit error rate and forward/return data rates. From these simulations, we see that both protocols work well when the channel error rate is low (below 10^-6) and the SCPS FP generally performs better when the error rate is higher. We also noticed a strong effect on the SCPS FP throughput as a function of forward transmission rate when running unbalanced channel tests.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Distributed processing is coming to data acquisition. The desire for smart sensors that can preprocess data, is growing. Making sensors themselves intelligent will reverse the historic trend toward smaller and cheaper sensors. Incorporating current sensor technology into data acquisition nodes in a network will create a distributed data acquisition, DAQ, environment that can acquire data from around the world over the Internet. The future is now.

The principle of parsimonious modelling of Internet traffic states that a minimal number of descriptors should be used for its characterization. Until early 1990s, the conventional Markovian models for voice traffic had been considered suitable and parsimonious for data traffic as well. Later with the discovery of strong correlations and increased burstiness in Internet traffic, various self-similar count models have been proposed. But, in fact, such models are strictly mono-fractal and applicable at coarse time scales, whereas Internet traffic modelling is about modelling traffic at fine and coarse time scales; modelling traffic which can be mono and multi-fractal; modelling traffic at interarrival time and count levels; modelling traffic at access and core tiers; and modelling all the three structural components of Internet traffic, that is, packets, flows and sessions. The philosophy of this thesis can be described as: “the renewal of renewal theory in Internet traffic modelling”. Renewal theory has a great potential in modelling statistical characteristics of Internet traffic belonging to individual users, access and core networks. In this thesis, we develop an Internet traffic modelling framework based on fractal renewal processes, that is, renewal processes with underlying distribution of interarrival times being heavy-tailed. The proposed renewal framework covers packets, flows and sessions as structural components of Internet traffic and is applicable for modelling the traffic at fine and coarse time scales. The properties of superposition of renewal processes can be used to model traffic in higher tiers of the Internet hierarchy. As the framework is based on renewal processes, therefore, Internet traffic can be modelled at both interarrival times and count levels.

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) has been designed for reliable data transport over the Internet. The performance of TCP is strongly influenced by its congestion control algorithms that limit the amount of traffic a sender can transmit based on end-to-end available capacity estimations. These algorithms proved successful in environments where applications rate requirements can be easily anticipated, as is the case for traditional bulk data transfer or interactive applications. However, an important new class of Internet applications has emerged that exhibit significant variations of transmission rate over time. Variable-rate traffic poses a new challenge for congestion control, especially for applications that need to share the limited capacity of a bottleneck over a long delay Internet path (e.g., paths that include satellite links). This thesis first analyses TCP performance of bursty applications that do not send data continuously, but generate data in bursts separated by periods in which little or no data is sent. Simulation analysis shows that standard TCP methods do not provide efficient support for bursty applications that produce variable-rate traffic, especially over long delay paths. Although alternative forms of congestion control like TCP-Friendly Rate Control and the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol have been proposed, they did not achieve widespread deployment. Therefore many current applications that rely upon User Datagram Protocol are not congestion controlled. The use of non-standard or proprietary methods decreases the effectiveness of Internet congestion control and poses a threat to the Internet stability. Solutions are therefore needed to allow bursty applications to use TCP. Chapter three evaluates Congestion Window Validation (CWV), an IETF experimental specification that was proposed to improve support for bursty applications over TCP. It concluded that CWV is too conservative to support many bursty applications and does not provide an incentive to encourage use by application designers. Instead, application designers often avoid generating variable-rate traffic by padding idle periods, which has been shown to waste network resources. CWV is therefore shown to not provide an acceptable solution for variable-rate traffic. In response to this shortfall, a new modification to TCP, TCP-JAGO, is proposed. This allows variable-rate traffic to restart quickly after an inactive (i.e., idle) period and to effectively utilise available network resources while sending at a lower rate than the available rate (i.e., during an application-limited period). The analysis in Chapter five shows that JAGO provides faster convergence to a steady-state rate and improves throughput by more efficiently utilising the network. TCP-JAGO is also shown to provide an appropriate response when congestion is experienced after restart. Variable-rate TCP traffic can also be impacted by the Initial Window algorithm at the start or during the restart of a session. Chapter six considers this problem, where TCP has no prior indication of the network state. A recent proposal for a larger initial window is analysed. Issues and advantages of using a large IW over a range of scenarios are discussed. The thesis concludes by presenting recommendations to improve TCP support for bursty applications. This also provides an incentive for application designers to choose TCP for variable-rate traffic.

M.Phil. (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) / Without any doubt, the entire range of voice and TV signals will migrate to the packet network. The universal addressable mode of Internet protocol (IP) and the interfacing framing structure of Ethernet are the main reasons behind the success of TCP/IP and Ethernet as a packet network and network access scheme mechanisms. Unfortunately, the success of the Internet has been the problem for real-time traffic such as voice, leading to more studies in the domain of Teletraffic Engineering; and the lack of a resource reservation mechanism in Ethernet, which constitutes a huge problem as switching system mechanism, have raised enough challenges for such a migration. In that context, ITU-T has released a series of Recommendation under the umbrella of H.323 to guarantee the required Quality of Service (QoS) for such services. Although the “utilisation” is not a good parameter in terms of traffic and QoS, we are here in proposing a multiplexing scheme with a queuing solution that takes into account the positive correlations of the packet arrival process experienced at the multiplexer input with the aim to optimize the utilisation of the buffer and bandwidth on the one hand; and the ITU-T H.323 Endpoints and Terminals configuration that can sustain such a multiplexing scheme on the other hand. We take into account the solution of the models from the M/M/1 up to G/G/1 queues based on Kolmogorov’s analysis as our solution to provide a better justification of our approach. This solution, the Diffusion approximation, is the limit of the Fluid process that has not been used enough as queuing solution in the domain of networking. Driven by the results of the Fluid method, and the resulting Gaussian distribution from the Diffusion approximation, the application of the asymptotic properties of the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) as the central limit theorem allowed capturing the fluctuations and therefore filtering out the positive correlations in the queue system. This has resulted in a queue system able to serve 1 erlang (100% of transmission link capacity) of traffic intensity without any extra delay and a queue length which is 60% of buffer utilization when compared to the ordinary Poisson queue length.

The aim of this work is to get familiar with operating system FreeRTOS and its usage in device design. It also explains usage of SW module LwIP (TCP/IP stack) and Free-MODBUS. Consequently is designed example device, simple operational panel. The panel communicates through ethernet interface using Modbus TCP protocol with connected PLCs on separate network. Its meet function of webserver, HID and also source of real time.

Com o advento da internet, a comunicação entre sistemas remotos foi amplamente facilitada, tornando viável a aplicação de sistemas supervisórios através dela, principalmente via protocolo TCP/IP. Embora esses sistemas já sejam empregados na indústria, principalmente utilizando como driver os controladores lógicos programáveis (CLP\'s), a implementação de qualquer sistema mais simples de supervisionamento teria um custo elevado, devido tanto ao preço do hardware quanto do software envolvido. Além disso, os programas supervisórios existentes fornecem um número limitado de recursos de visualização, que se restringem principalmente ao software. Assim, o que se propõe nesse trabalho é um sistema supervisório de baixo custo, via TCP/IP, aplicado em máquinas elétricas, mas que pode ser generalizado na supervisão de outros tipos de sistemas, onde o monitoramento remoto é necessário. Além da exibição convencional dos parâmetros supervisionados através de gráficos e labels, o sistema permite também que esses sejam exibidos através de painéis eletrônicos, fornecendo assim, uma nova interface visual ao usuário com o intuito de facilitar sua supervisão. / The advent of internet simplified the comunication between remote systems, allowing the application of supervisory systems through the internet, mainly using the TCP/IP protocol. Although these systems have already been employed in industry, using the Programmer Logic Controller (PLC\'s) as driver, the implementation of any simple supervisory system could have an expensive cost, due to the prices of hardware and software employed. Moreover, the existing supervisory systems provide limited visual resources, restricted to the used software. So, this work presents a low cost supervisory system, via TCP/IP, applied to electric machines but it can be generalized in the supervision of differents types of systems, where the remote monitoring is necessary. Besides the conventional displaying of the monitored parameters through graphics and labels, the developed system allows the exhibition of the supervisioned parameters using eletronic panels, providing an alternative visual interface to the user so that their supervision becomes easier.