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SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF IONOSPHERE SCINTILLATION: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONSWang, Jun 09 December 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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WAVELET-BASED SIGNAL ANALYSIS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCHZHU, XIANGDONG 02 July 2004 (has links)
No description available.
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Design and Detection Process in Chipless RFID Systems Based on a Space-Time-Frequency TechniqueRezaiesarlak, Reza 04 June 2015 (has links)
Recently, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has become commonplace in many applications. It is based on storing and remotely retrieving the data embedded on the tags. The tag structure can be chipped or chipless. In chipped tags, an integrated IC attached to the antenna is biased by an onboard battery or interrogating signal. Compared to barcodes, the chipped tags are expensive because of the existence of the chip. That was why chipless RFID tags are demanded as a cheap candidate for chipped RFID tags and barcodes. As its name expresses, the geometry of the tag acts as both modulator and scatterer. As a modulator, it incorporates data into the received electric field launched from the reader antenna and reflects it back to the receiving antenna. The scattered signal from the tag is captured by the antenna and transferred to the reader for the detection process.
By employing the singularity expansion method (SEM) and the characteristic mode theory (CMT), a systematic design process is introduced by which the resonant and radiation characteristics of the tag are monitored in the pole diagram versus structural parameters. The antenna is another component of the system. Taking advantage of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, it is possible to study the time and frequency domain characteristics of the antenna used in chipless RFID system. A new omni-directional antenna element useful in wideband and UWB systems is presented. Then, a new time-frequency technique, called short-time matrix pencil method (STMPM), is introduced as an efficient approach for analyzing various scattering mechanisms in chipless RFID tags. By studying the performance of STMPM in early-time and late-time responses of the scatterers, the detection process is improved in cases of multiple tags located close to each other. A space-time-frequency algorithm is introduced based on STMPM to detect, identify, and localize multiple multi-bit chipless RFID tags in the reader area. The proposed technique has applications in electromagnetic and acoustic-based detection of targets. / Ph. D.
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Wavelets Based on Second Order Linear Time Invariant Systems, Theory and ApplicationsAbuhamdia, Tariq Maysarah 28 April 2017 (has links)
This study introduces new families of wavelets. The first is directly derived from the response of Second Order Underdamped Linear-Time-Invariant (SOULTI) systems, while the second is a generalization of the first to the complex domain and is similar to the Laplace transform kernel function. The first takes the acronym of SOULTI wavelet, while the second is named the Laplace wavelet. The most important criteria for a function or signal to be a wavelet is the ability to recover the original signal back from its continuous wavelet transform. It is shown that it is possible to recover back the original signal once the SOULTI or the Laplace wavelet transform is applied to decompose the signal. It is found that both wavelet transforms satisfy linear differential equations called the reconstructing differential equations, which are closely related to the differential equations that produce the wavelets. The new wavelets can have well defined Time-Frequency resolutions, and they have useful properties; a direct relation between the scale and the frequency, unique transform formulas that can be easily obtained for most elementary signals such as unit step, sinusoids, polynomials, and decaying harmonic signals, and linear relations between the wavelet transform of signals and the wavelet transform of their derivatives and integrals. The defined wavelets are applied to system analysis applications. The new wavelets showed accurate instantaneous frequency identification and modal decomposition of LTI Multi-Degree of Freedom (MDOF) systems and it showed better results than the Short-time Fourier Transform (STFT) and the other harmonic wavelets used in time-frequency analysis. The modal decomposition is applied for modal parameters identification, and the properties of the Laplace and the SOULTI wavelet transforms allows analytical and accurate identification methods. / Ph. D.
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Estimation and separation of linear frequency- modulated signals in wireless communications using time - frequency signal processing.Nguyen, Linh- Trung January 2004 (has links)
Signal processing has been playing a key role in providing solutions to key problems encountered in communications, in general, and in wireless communications, in particular. Time-Frequency Signal Processing (TFSP) provides eective tools for analyzing nonstationary signals where the frequency content of signals varies in time as well as for analyzing linear time-varying systems. This research aimed at exploiting the advantages of TFSP, in dealing with nonstationary signals, into the fundamental issues of signal processing, namely the signal estimation and signal separation. In particular, it has investigated the problems of (i) the Instantaneous Frequency (IF) estimation of Linear Frequency-Modulated (LFM) signals corrupted in complex-valued zero-mean Multiplicative Noise (MN), and (ii) the Underdetermined Blind Source Separation (UBSS) of LFM signals, while focusing onto the fast-growing area of Wireless Communications (WCom). A common problem in the issue of signal estimation is the estimation of the frequency of Frequency-Modulated signals which are seen in many engineering and real-life applications. Accurate frequency estimation leads to accurate recovery of the true information. In some applications, the random amplitude modulation shows up when the medium is dispersive and/or when the assumption of point target is not valid; the original signal is considered to be corrupted by an MN process thus seriously aecting the recovery of the information-bearing frequency. The IF estimation of nonstationary signals corrupted by complex-valued zero-mean MN was investigated in this research. We have proposed a Second-Order Statistics approach, rather than a Higher-Order Statistics approach, for IF estimation using Time-Frequency Distributions (TFDs). The main assumption was that the autocorrelation function of the MN is real-valued but not necessarily positive (i.e. the spectrum of the MN is symmetric but does not necessary has the highest peak at zero frequency). The estimation performance was analyzed in terms of bias and variance, and compared between four dierent TFDs: Wigner-Ville Distribution, Spectrogram, Choi-Williams Distribution and Modified B Distribution. To further improve the estimation, we proposed to use the Multiple Signal Classification algorithm and showed its better performance. It was shown that the Modified B Distribution performance was the best for Signal-to-Noise Ratio less than 10dB. In the issue of signal separation, a new research direction called Blind Source Separation (BSS) has emerged over the last decade. BSS is a fundamental technique in array signal processing aiming at recovering unobserved signals or sources from observed mixtures exploiting only the assumption of mutual independence between the signals. The term "blind" indicates that neither the structure of the mixtures nor the source signals are known to the receivers. Applications of BSS are seen in, for example, radar and sonar, communications, speech processing, biomedical signal processing. In the case of nonstationary signals, a TF structure forcing approach was introduced by Belouchrani and Amin by defining the Spatial Time- Frequency Distribution (STFD), which combines both TF diversity and spatial diversity. The benefit of STFD in an environment of nonstationary signals is the direct exploitation of the information brought by the nonstationarity of the signals. A drawback of most BSS algorithms is that they fail to separate sources in situations where there are more sources than sensors, referred to as UBSS. The UBSS of nonstationary signals was investigated in this research. We have presented a new approach for blind separation of nonstationary sources using their TFDs. The separation algorithm is based on a vector clustering procedure that estimates the source TFDs by grouping together the TF points corresponding to "closely spaced" spatial directions. Simulations illustrate the performances of the proposed method for the underdetermined blind separation of FM signals. The method developed in this research represents a new research direction for solving the UBSS problem. The successful results obtained in the research development of the above two problems has led to a conclusion that TFSP is useful for WCom. Future research directions were also proposed.
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La WVaR (Wavelet Value at Risk) : une analyse temps-fréquence de la VaR du CAC40 / The WVaR : a time-frequency analysis of CAC40 VaRBenhmad, François 14 January 2010 (has links)
Malgré la multiplicité des méthodes d'estimation de la VaR, elles souffrent d'une faiblesse fondamentale. En effet, elles ne font aucune distinction entre l'information captée à basse fréquence et celle captée à haute fréquence. Ce qui revient à supposer de façon implicite que l'information contenue dans les données historiques a la même importance quel que soit l'horizon temporel de l'investisseur c'est-à-dire sa fréquence de trading (intra-journalière, journalière, hebdomadaire, mensuelle,..). Mais, accepter une telle hypothèse revient à supposer que les marchés financiers sont homogènes. Ce qui est contraire à la réalité empirique. En effet, les marchés financiers sont caractérisés par une grande hétérogénéité d'acteurs. L'objet de notre thèse est d'apporter une contribution à l'estimation de la VaR basée sur la décomposition de la volatilité dans le domaine des fréquences. Ce qui nous permet de mette en évidence l'influence de l'hétérogénéité des horizons temporels des acteurs des marchés financiers sur l'estimation de la Value at Risk. Pour cela,nous faisons appel à un outil statistique susceptible de nous procurer de l'information temporelle sur la volatilité et de l'information fréquentielle sur la fréquence de trading des différents acteurs des marchés financiers: l'approche temps-fréquence de la transformée en ondelettes. / Although multiplicity of VaR estimate approaches,they suffer from a fundamental weakness.They don't make any distiction between informations captured in a high frequency and in a low frequency manner.It is an implicit assumption of homogeneity of fiancial markets in contrast to empirical facts. In our thesis, we try to construct a VaR model based on volatility decomposition in the frequency domain.It enables us to show how the time horizons heterogeneity of financial markets participants could influence value at risk estimates.We use a statistical tool able to give us temporal information about volatility and frequencial information about trading frequencies of market participants:the time frequency approach of wavelet transform.
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Manipulations spatiales de sons spectrauxMouba Ndjila, Joan 09 November 2009 (has links)
Dans les applications d'écoute active, il est primordial de pouvoir interagir avec les sources individuelles présentes dans le mix, par exemple en changeant leur position spatiale. Dans cette thèse, nous avons proposé des techniques binaurales pour la localisation et la spatialisation, basées sur les différences interaurales en amplitude et en temps d'arrivée. Les techniques sont développées dans le plan temps-fréquence. Elles permettent de localiser et de projeter toute source dans l'espace environnant un auditeur. aussi nous avons mis au point des techniques de séparation binaurale de source basées sur le Maximum de vraisemblance et de masques spatiaux probabilistes. Enfin nous avons étendu les techniques binaurales à des techniques multi-diffusion utilisant un ensemble de haut-parleurs. Les techniques proposées sont éprouvées et comparées à des techniques de référence de la littérature. Pour des performances similaires aux techniques existantes, nos propositions ont un avantage significatif en terme de complexité qui les rendent appropriées aux applications temps-réel. / In active listening applications, it is important to be able to interact with individual sources present in the mix, for example by changing their spatial position. In this thesis, we proposed techniques for binaural localization and spatialization, based on interaural differences in amplitude and in time of arrival. The techniques are developed in the time-frequency plane. They can locate and project sources in the space surrounding a listener. We also developed binaural source separation methods based on the Maximum Likelihood and on spatial probabilistic masks. Finally, we extended binaural spatialization techniques to multi-diffusion techniques which use a set of speakers for diffusion. The proposed techniques are tested and compared to referenced, well-known techniques. For similar performance with the existing ones, our proposed techniques highlight complexity advantages and are suitable for real-time applications.
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Battle damage assessment using inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR)Lim, Kian Guan 12 1900 (has links)
Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / An imaging radar, like ISAR, offers a combatant the capability to perform long range surveillance with high quality imagery for positive target identification. Extending this attractive feature to the battle damage assessment problem (BDA) gives the operator instant viewing of the target's behavior when it is hit. As a consequence, immediate and decisive action can be quickly taken (if required). However, the conventional Fourier processing adopted by most ISAR systems does not provide adequate time resolution to capture the target's dynamic responses during the hit. As a result, the radar image becomes distorted. To improve the time resolution, time-frequency transform (TFT) methods of ISAR imaging have been proposed. Unlike traditional Fourier-based processing, TFT's allows variable time resolution of the entire event that falls within the ISAR coherent integration period to be extracted as part of the imaging process. We have shown in this thesis that the use of linear Short Time-Frequency Transforms allows the translational response of the aircraft caused by a blast force to be clearly extracted. The TFT extracted images not only tell us how the aircraft responds to a blast effect but also provides additional information about the cause of image distortion in the traditional ISAR display.
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Analyse temps-fréquence des données de rayonnement solaire reçu au sol / Time-frequency analysis of surface solar radiation dataBengulescu, Marc 12 July 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse traite de la variabilité temporelle intrinsèque de l'éclairement solaire reçu au sol. Les échelles caractéristiques de variabilité sont mises en évidence par l'analyse de longues séries temporelles de moyennes journalières de l'éclairement, pour différents endroits du monde, issues de mesures pyranométriques au sol, d'estimations satellitaires ou de réanalyses météorologiques .Compte-tenu de la nature non linéaire et non stationnaire des données, la transformée adaptative de Hilbert-Huang est utilisée comme outil d'analyse pour tenir compte de la diversité de ces échelles temporelles. On montre ainsi la nature variable des échelles caractéristiques et de leur intensité, ainsi que leur dépendance vis-à-vis du climat.L'application d'une technique adaptative de ré-échantillonnage fractionnaire montre la juxtaposition d'une composante déterministe et d'une stochastique. Pour tous les jeux de données, le cycle annuel déterministe représente la plus grande partie de la variabilité. Toutes les séries temporelle contiennent une composante de variabilité stochastique à haute fréquence, qui est modulée en amplitude par le cycle annuel.L'approche permet également d'évaluer, échelle par échelle, les performances des estimations satellitaires ou issues de ré-analyses par comparaison avec des mesures pyranométriques au sol. Une étude de cas confirme que les estimations satellitaires surpassent les ré-analyses à toutes les échelles temporelles. / The center of focus for this PhD thesis is the intrinsic temporal variability of the surface solar irradiance (SSI). The characteristic time-scales of variability are revealed by analysing long-term time-series of daily means of SSI, such as ground measurements, satellite estimates, or radiation products from global atmospheric re-analyses, for different geographical locations around the world.To account for the wide range of the time-scales of variability, and given the non-linear and non-stationary nature of the data, the adaptive, data-driven Hilbert-Huang Transform is employed as an analysis tool. The time-varying nature of the characteristic time-scales of variability, along with variations in intensity, are thus revealed.An adaptive fractional re-sampling technique is used to discriminate between the deterministic and the stochastic variability constituents. For all datasets, the deterministic yearly cycle is found to account for the largest part of variability. Furthermore, all time-series are found to contain a high-frequency stochastic variability component, that exhibit cross-scale amplitude modulation by the yearly cycle.A refinement to existing methods for assessing the fitness for use of surrogate SSI products in lieu of ground measurements is also proposed. A case study confirms that satellite estimates outperform re-analyses across all time-scales.
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Técnicas de processamento digital de sinais de sensor piezelétrico na detecção de vibrações auto-excitadas (chatter) no processo de retificação /Thomazella, Rogério January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Paulo Roberto de Aguiar / Resumo: O chatter corresponde a movimentos instáveis e caóticos no sistema de usinagem, resultando em flutuação das forças de corte e na impressão de ondulações na superficie da peça usinada. É um fenômeno indesejável ao processo de usinagem, especialmente ao processo de retificação, pois a sua ocorrência acentuada resulta em um produto acabado com tolerâncias dimensionais e geométricas fora dos padrões, ou até mesmo em danos irreversíveis, como por exemplo, alteração na dureza, alta rugosidade e queima superficial da peça usinada. Na literatura, poucos trabalhos tratam da análise e monitoramento do chatter com técnicas de processamento digital de sinais, especialmente de aceleração. O objetivo desse trabalho é propor uma nova técnica de processamento digital utilizando os sinais de aceleração baseados no cálculo da STFT - Short Time Fourier Transform (Transformada de Fourier de curta duração) e na estatística Relação de Potência (ROP – ratio of power), com a finalidade de detecção do fenômeno de chatter na retificação tangencial plana com rebolo superabrasivo de nitreto cúbico de boro (CBN) e óxido de alumínio. Para tanto, ensaios de retificação foram realizados em corpos de prova de aço ABNT 1045. Um acelerômetro piezelétrico foi acoplado ao suporte das peças e sinais de aceleração foram coletados à uma frequência de amostragem de 2MHz. Dentre as variáveis de saída, obteve-se a dureza Vickers (HV), rugosidade média (Ra) e a análise microestrutural das peças retificadas. Os sinais d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Chatter corresponds to unstable and chaotic movements in the machining system, resulting in fluctuation of the cutting forces. It is a serious and undesired physical phenomenon that occurs in the grinding process during parts manufacturing. The intense occurrence of this phenomenon during machining can generate a finished part outside the dimensional and geometric tolerances or even cause irreversible damage, such as: changes to the hardness, high surface roughness, and thermal damages to the ground part. Few vibration signal processing techniques have been proposed for monitoring chatter during grinding. Thus, the objective of this study is to propose and validate a new vibration signal processing technique based on the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and the ratio of power (ROP) statistic for the detection of chatter during the tangential surface grinding of ABNT 1045 steel with different grinding wheels. Experimental grinding tests were conducted, and the vibration signals were recorded at 2 MHz. The Vickers hardness (HV), roughness (Ra) and metallography of the ground workpiece surfaces were performed. Subsequently, a digital processing technique based on the STFT and ROP was applied to the vibration signals to extract the characteristics of the chatter in the grinding process. The results show that this technique can be used to characterize over time the spectral patterns of a frequency band related to chatter. The observed patterns have a strong relationship with th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
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