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<p> In January 2012, California adopted federal law requiring city's traffic engineers to decrease the pedestrian walking speeds at signalized intersections from 4fps to 3.5fps. Ten signalized intersections along Atlantic Avenue between Spring Street to Carson Street were selected to evaluate impacts due to pedestrian walking speed changes. One hour peak evening volumes were collected and entered into Synchro by Trafficware to compare intersections and approach delays on 75 and 100 seconds cycle lengths with combination of coordinated and uncoordinated systems. Volume growth rate effects, surveyed pedestrian walking speed, and various observed characteristics at signalized intersection crossing were evaluated. Converting pedestrian walking speed from 4-fps to 3.5fps caused the cycle length to increase from 75 seconds to 90 seconds for coordination purposes. The Synchro results, overall, showed more intersection/approach delay, vehicular growth rates data showed a small effect on the major intersections delay when comparing the two walking speeds, and sampled pedestrian walking speeds indicated that the 15^th percentile of pedestrians walked at a faster speed than 3.5fps.</p>

The Thesis sets out to analyze CCTV's transition from 1979-2003 with a special focus on its most influential reform entitled Producer Responsibility System (PRS). In order to present a real picture of CCTV's organizational culture, this research uses multiple research methods to synthesize valuable contributions from two schools of organizational culture theory driven by different research orientations. Data collection methods include a6 months' ethnographic research project inside CCTV. The research has two main research findings. First, following the introduction of PRS, the reform process has been uneven. A split has emerged at CCTV between an 'inner' and an 'outer' management circles, with very different organizational cultures and responses to organizational change. Second, the research identifies four logics which have shaped CCTV's organizational culture: Party logic, Commercial logic, Professional logic and Social and ethnic logic. CCTV's transition has been defined by a complex interaction and negotiation between these four logics. This thesis summarizes CCTV's organizational change from 1979-2003 into three stages, from a 'frozen' status to 'change by exception' and then to 'incremental change'. Analysis of the relationship between these four logics suggests that to achieve a real transition from Party mouthpiece to modem media enterprise, CCTV needs to achieve a new 'paradigm change'. The key to the success of this 'paradigm change' will be a systematic reconstruction of CCTV's organizational culture based on the central objective of building media professionalism. The single case study places some limits on the generalizability of the findings but other Chinese media businesses share a similar economic, historical and cultural context. The problems at CCTV can thus be seen to be representative general issues of the Chinese media industry in transition.