<p> Income-based public housing projects have typically resulted in concentrations of poverty which have left the most disadvantaged populations anchored to their homes with little to no upward mobility. In response, housing policies have shifted toward Mixed-Income designs that work to integrate populations of different social and financial class in effort to help those in the lowest socioeconomic status move up and out of poverty. One such housing project named Salishan lies south of Seattle, Washington in the city of Tacoma. This research employs GIS, participatory mapping, and other qualitative research methods to examine how Salishan residents are experiencing the services and programs that are targeted toward them. The data yielded in this study contradict those theorized benefits of greater social interaction and access to resources via Mixed-Income housing. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the value of participatory methods for getting new kinds of data and informing policy.</p>

<p> This dissertation investigates two key transportation policies influencing travel behavior and location decisions in London towards sustainability: bus priority and congestion charging. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.) </p>

The local authority building records of Worcester and Gloucester, two provincial county towns, were used to illustrate how aspects of urban development revealed by other research were evident in provincial towns between c.1870 and 1940. Local economic activity influenced the timing of building cycles, the extent and timing of which were discernible from the sequence of architectural styles used. The vernacular architecture of each town before 1914 had its own character. Development was influenced by the pre-existing pattern of land division, and by decisions taken by individual landowners when selling land for development. Gloucester Corporation was a major landowner, and the control exerted over local authorities by central government in the mid 19th century resulted in a distortion in the pattern of development around that city. Local building practice did not change dramatically after the introduction of bye-laws in 1858 because house types and street layouts used in both towns conformed with the byelaw requirements well before 1858. The scale of housebuilding projects was smaller than in other towns researched, and speculative builders did not operate far from their base before 1914. Qualified architects played very little part in the design of houses in Gloucester before 1914.

<p> The transspecies city concept was developed in opposition to traditional anthropocentric urban policies. This research seeks to determine whether or not perceptions of survey participants taken from the St. Louis area are compatible with the goals of the transspecies city, which focus on integration of animals into human communities rather than their removal. The transspecies city also indicates a need for moral concern for animals in human actions which affect them. </p><p> Participant responses were classified into perception categories. These perceptions were then analyzed and discussed to determine their compatibility with the transspecies city, concluding that humanistic and moralistic perceptions are most compatible. Negativistic, naturalistic, and ecologistic perceptions all are found to have some incompatibilities with the transspecies city. In spite of these incompatibilities, this research concludes by examining the ways these perceptions could be addressed, or ways in which the transspecies city could modify itself to have a better chance at actualization.</p>

In recent years, the city has become a primary setting for a diversity of tourist activities. However, the nature of the urban experience, from the perspective of tourist-city interactions, has not been examined in detail. In this particular arena, the concepts of place image and the tourist experience are very relevant, as processes of tourist image formation and modification are linked to the formation of tourists' expectations. In tum, expectations can have the potential to influence tourist choices and spatial behaviour patterns, in the event of an actual visit. Certainly, probability of patronage of a tourist attraction would appear to relate directly to how well that location fits into the simplified 'cognitive map' held by the individual. Overall, knowledge of how individual and groups of tourists interact and acquire information about the urban environment has also been under researched. The thesis therefore examines the main interrelationships between tourists' place images, expectations and spatial behaviour. It introduces an approach for examining such relationships from a more holistic, interdisciplinary perspective than has been employed in previous tourism image and behaviour research. Notably, a longitudinal dimension is introduced for the study of image modification, using an innovative, multi-stage approach. By elaborating, critiquing and applying some of the key concepts in tourist imagery and spatial behaviour in the context of tourist-historic cities, the thesis identifies a connection between tourists' images and spatial behaviour. The UK historic cities of Exeter and Bath were used as case studies for the empirical application of the multi-method framework, and primary data were collected via questionnaires, an experimental panel of visitors and semi-structured interviews. As well as contributing new themes to current theoretical and conceptual debates, the empirical findings identify a clear niche for image-behaviour relationships as a highly relevant concept for tourism studies. In particular, tourists' spatial behaviour is shown to influence the content of tourists' urban images, and in tum, tourists' images of the city can predispose them to certain activity choices. Conclusions are also drawn regarding the influences of different 'image formation agents' and direct tourist experience of a city as a strong agent of image modification.

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The aim of this thesis is to shed light on Post-Soviet urban renewal and people’s perceptions of changes that recently occurred in both the city of Riga and Latvian society more generally since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. More specifically, this study examines how these perceptions are manifest in Riga’s ongoing renewal. Through applying aspects of continuity and discontinuity, I illustrate how the urban renewal of Post-Soviet Riga uncovers imaginary and emotional aspects of the city and how these are interpreted in relation to the past, present and the future. This study introduces the concept “urban postperestroika” and one important difference between this concept and the more common concepts post-socialist, post-communist or post-Soviet is that the former highlights a process while the latter ones largely highlight the state. The starting point is how urban phantasmagorias – contemporary dreams of the future of the city – elucidate urban renewal processes in general and urban postperestroika in particular. In Riga’s ongoing renewal processes I identify three main trajectories in relation to aspects of the past, present and the future: de-Sovietization, globalization and Lettification. Together, these three trajectories constitute an engine that produces urban phantasmagorias. The dissolution of the Soviet Union has given rise to notions that everything is “back to normal” again, and these notions of normalcy have influenced urban renewal processes. The dilemmas, as shown in this thesis, concern the Soviet period and its remaining psychical structure which give the impression of being too conspicuous to eliminate and too contradictory to assimilate. The study illustrates the difficulties of building new urban and societal structures on the remains of pre-existing orders. Such difficulties of course lead to contradictory and ambiguous world views and to new dysfunctional situations that have to be managed in the future.

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published_or_final_version / Comparative Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts