Induction motors and Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) are widely used in industry to drive machinery trains. However, some mechanical trains driven by VFD-motor systems have encountered torsional vibration problems. This vibration can induce large stresses on shafts and couplings, and reduce the lifetime of these mechanical parts. Long before the designed lifetime, the mechanical train may encounter failure. This thesis focuses on VFDs with voltage source rectifiers for squirrel-cage induction motors of open-loop Volts/Hertz and closed-loop Field Oriented Control (FOC). First, the torsional vibration problems induced by VFDs are introduced. Then, the mathematical model for a squirrel-cage induction motor is given. Two common control methods used in VFD are discussed - open-loop Volts/Hertz and closed-loop FOC. SimPowerSystems and SimMechanics are used as the modeling software for electrical systems and mechanical systems respectively. Based on the models and software, two interface methods are provided for modeling the coupled system. A simple system is tested to verify the interface methods. The study of open-loop Volts/Hertz control method is performed. The closed-form of electromagnetic torque sideband frequency due to Pulse Width Modulation is given. A torsional resonance case is illustrated. The effects of non-ideal power switches are studied, which shows little in uence on the system response but which uses little energy consumption. A study of a non-ideal DC bus indicates that a DC bus voltage ripple can also induce a big torsional vibration. Next, the study of the closed-loop FOC control method is presented. Simulation for a complete VFD machinery train is performed. With the recti er and DC bus dynamic braking, the system shows a better performance than the ideal-DC bus case. Lastly, a parametric study of the FOC controller is performed. The effects of primary parameters are discussed. The results indicate that some control parameters (i.e. speed ramps, proportional gain in speed PI controller) are also responsible for the mechanical torsional vibration.

Resumo: Em sistemas de bombeamento, a vazão solicitada à bomba nem sempre é constante, normalmente as bombas operam em rotação constante e para obter a variação da vazão, utilizam-se válvulas de estrangulamento na saída. Outro método utilizado é controlar a velocidade do motor através de inversores de freqüência, pois, a variação da vazão é diretamente proporcional à rotação do motor, proporcionando uma maior facilidade de controle e economia de energia, porém, interferindo na qualidade de energia elétrica. Neste contexto, a finalidade deste trabalho foi a comparação do consumo de energia elétrica para dois tipos de controle de vazão em sistemas de bombeamento: por válvula de estrangulamento ou por inversor de freqüência para dois tipos de motores: padrão e de alto rendimento. Comprovou-se que a simples troca de um motor padrão por um motor de alto rendimento gera uma redução de consumo de energia elétrica entre 32,45% a 33,42%, no caso estudado. A substituição do controle de vazão, da válvula de estrangulamento para o controle pelo inversor de freqüência trouxe uma economia de energia elétrica entre 47,18% a 52,22% em determinadas faixas. A substituição do controle de vazão pela válvula e motor padrão para o controle de vazão pelo inversor e motor de alto rendimento gerou uma economia de 67,03%. Para avaliar a influência dos programas de eficiência energética na qualidade da energia foram mensurados valores do fator de potência e dos níveis de distorção harmônica total de corrente e de tensão gerados através de três tipos de acionamento do motor trifásico: partida direta, partida suave e partida com inversor de freqüência, comparando-os com valores da norma brasileira (ANEEL) e de norma internacional (IEC). / Abstract: In pumping systems the flow requested of the pump is not always constant, normally the pumps operate in constant rotation and bottleneck valves are used in order to obtain the flow variation. Controlling the motor speed through variable frequency drives is another used method since the flow variation is directly proporcional to the motor rotation. In this report it was carried out a comparisson of electric power consumption in a pumping system with the flow control by bottleneck valve and by variable frequency drives in order to identify an economically viable range of use. The technical and economical viability of substituting a standard motor for a highperformance motor one was also analysed. It proved that the simple exchange of a standard motor for a high performance one, generates a reduction of electric power consumption between 32.45% a 33.42%, in the studied case. The replacement of the flow control of the bottleneck valve to the variable frequency drives brought a saving of electric power between 47.18% a 52.22% in certain ranges. The replacement of the flow control by the valve and standard motor for the variable frequency drives and the high performance motor generated an economy of 67.03%. It was mensuremented values of power factor and total harmonic distortion of current and voltage generated by three diferent types of starts: direct start, soft-start and variable speed drives start and compared with values of the Brazilian norm (ANEEL) and International norm (IEC) to appraise its influency in energy efficiency programs. / Orientador: Teófilo Miguel de Souza / Coorientador: Pedro Magalhães Sobrinho / Banca: Rubens Alves Dias / Banca: Jamil Haddad / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mesquita_rp_me_guara.pdf: 1170750 bytes, checksum: fa765b6e1b242ea2391a24aa47efeb14 (MD5) / Eletrobras / Em sistemas de bombeamento, a vazão solicitada à bomba nem sempre é constante, normalmente as bombas operam em rotação constante e para obter a variação da vazão, utilizam-se válvulas de estrangulamento na saída. Outro método utilizado é controlar a velocidade do motor através de inversores de freqüência, pois, a variação da vazão é diretamente proporcional à rotação do motor, proporcionando uma maior facilidade de controle e economia de energia, porém, interferindo na qualidade de energia elétrica. Neste contexto, a finalidade deste trabalho foi a comparação do consumo de energia elétrica para dois tipos de controle de vazão em sistemas de bombeamento: por válvula de estrangulamento ou por inversor de freqüência para dois tipos de motores: padrão e de alto rendimento. Comprovou-se que a simples troca de um motor padrão por um motor de alto rendimento gera uma redução de consumo de energia elétrica entre 32,45% a 33,42%, no caso estudado. A substituição do controle de vazão, da válvula de estrangulamento para o controle pelo inversor de freqüência trouxe uma economia de energia elétrica entre 47,18% a 52,22% em determinadas faixas. A substituição do controle de vazão pela válvula e motor padrão para o controle de vazão pelo inversor e motor de alto rendimento gerou uma economia de 67,03%. Para avaliar a influência dos programas de eficiência energética na qualidade da energia foram mensurados valores do fator de potência e dos níveis de distorção harmônica total de corrente e de tensão gerados através de três tipos de acionamento do motor trifásico: partida direta, partida suave e partida com inversor de freqüência, comparando-os com valores da norma brasileira (ANEEL) e de norma internacional (IEC). / In pumping systems the flow requested of the pump is not always constant, normally the pumps operate in constant rotation and bottleneck valves are used in order to obtain the flow variation. Controlling the motor speed through variable frequency drives is another used method since the flow variation is directly proporcional to the motor rotation. In this report it was carried out a comparisson of electric power consumption in a pumping system with the flow control by bottleneck valve and by variable frequency drives in order to identify an economically viable range of use. The technical and economical viability of substituting a standard motor for a highperformance motor one was also analysed. It proved that the simple exchange of a standard motor for a high performance one, generates a reduction of electric power consumption between 32.45% a 33.42%, in the studied case. The replacement of the flow control of the bottleneck valve to the variable frequency drives brought a saving of electric power between 47.18% a 52.22% in certain ranges. The replacement of the flow control by the valve and standard motor for the variable frequency drives and the high performance motor generated an economy of 67.03%. It was mensuremented values of power factor and total harmonic distortion of current and voltage generated by three diferent types of starts: direct start, soft-start and variable speed drives start and compared with values of the Brazilian norm (ANEEL) and International norm (IEC) to appraise its influency in energy efficiency programs.

No description available.

[pt] Uma bomba centrífuga, depois de concluída a sua instalação, deve vencer uma elevação constante. A variação da rotação vai alterar diretamente a descarga. Como bomba centrífuga é acionada por motor de indução, a variação da freqüência não acarreta variação proporcional na rotação devido a que a nova rotação implica em outro valor da descarga que somente ocorre com torque diferente do anterior e em conseqüência, o deslizamento deve se ajustar para igualar o torque fornecido pelo motor com o novo torque requerido pela bomba. A análise parte dos estudos que relacionam a descarga com a rotação para relacionar a descarga com a freqüência. / [en] Once installation is concluded, a centrifugal pump should withstand constant head. The variation of rotation directly alters the discharge. Since centrifugal pump operates by induction motor, the variation in frequency does not lead to proporcional variation in rotation due to the new rotation being of another discharge value which only occurs with a different torque. Consequently, the sllep should adjust itself to equalize the torque provided by the motor to the new torque required by the pump. The analisis derives from studies which related the discharge to the rotation in order to relate the discharge to the frequency.

This thesis focuses on the study, implementation and improvement of a digital Generator Control Unit (GCU) for a high-speed synchronous brushless generator. The control of variable frequency power system, a preferred candidate in More Electric Aircraft (MEA), becomes a big challenge. Compared with conventional analog GCU, digital GCU is a future trend due to the properties such as easy tuning, modification and no aging. Control approaches adopted in the new GCU design is introduced. It has multiloop structure and model-based characteristics. Sensorless rotor position detection was used to finish Park transformation. DSP+FPGA based controller hardware was developed in the lab. A set of hardware was designed to implement the control algorithms. VHDL-based software was developed for FPGA, which is working as a bridge between DSP and peripheral circuits. C-based software was designed to implement control algorithm inside DSP. A testbed system was developed according to the lab capacity of CPES. The complete load transit responses were tested according to the standard ISO1540 and EN8420. Good match between simulation and experiment has been reached. Compared with benchmark controller, great improvement in both steady state and dynamic performance is realized. A feasibility of using digital GCU in the next generation aircraft has been proved preliminarily. However, the challenge of reliability issues in digital system and software still needs further attention. / Master of Science

Este trabalho avalia a aplicação de inversores de freqüência realizada em estações elevatórias de água tratada da cidade de São José dos Campos que são monitoradas pelo Centro de Controle Operacional da Sabesp. Foram estudadas as características técnicas de quatro sistemas de bombeamento que operam com velocidade variável. O trabalho apresenta uma proposta de metodologia para a seleção de inversores de freqüência, com base na metodologia recomendada pelo EUROPUMP e HYDRAULIC INSTITUTE (2004) aplicada em quatro sistemas da cidade de São José dos Campos. Essa proposta de metodologia foi executada através da avaliação seqüencial de um fluxograma e da análise gráfica das informações instantâneas e históricas dos parâmetros de vazão, pressão e freqüência de rotação, existentes no banco de dados dos servidores de supervisão e controle do Centro de Controle Operacional de São José dos Campos. Após a aplicação dessa metodologia, conclui-se que, a aplicação de inversores de freqüência nos sistemas estudados estava adequada e recomenda-se a sua aplicação em sistemas de bombeamento semelhantes. / The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the application of Variable Frequency Drives ? VFD, carried out in water pumping stations managed by SABESP ? Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo, located in the city of Sâo José dos Campos that are monitored by the Operational Control Center ? O.C.C. Technical characteristics of four pumping systems were studied, mainly those operating with fixed or changeable speed. It proposes a new methodology for VFD selection, based on the methodology recommended by EUROPUMP and HYDRAULIC INSTITUTE (2004), used on the systems mentioned before. This proposal of methodology were done using instantaneous and historical information of flow, pressure and rotation frequency parameters stored on data base installed on supervision and control servers installed. After this application, we also concluded that the use of VFD on the evaluated systems was correct and through this we recommend its use on similar pumping systems.

Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the application of inverter-based variable speed drives to positive displacement rotary compressors. Designs and implements a DSP-microprocessor based of an inverter drive for high-efficiency compressor used in air conditioner. We control the compressor with sine PWM and V/F scheme. Permanent magnet synchronous motor has potential for energy saving in general applications on compressor drives. Permanent magnet synchronous motor drives are used for applications like compressors¡Awhere high dynamic performance is not a demand¡Asimple V/F control strategies may be sufficient to obtain the required control performance. For energy saving to find the best control strategy for an inverter drive for high efficiency compressor used in air conditioner.

The analysis of the feature and application of linear induction motors at work have been performed; mathematical models of linear motors have been studied; mathematical description of induction machine have been presented; coordinate transform have been studied; dynamic equations in moving and move-less systems of axes of linear induction motor have been presented; the analysis of the classification of induction drives control modes have been performed. Four models of the frequency-regulated electric drives with linear induction motors have been studied: when the motor is supplied from variable frequency mains supply, when the motor is supplied from frequency converter, when frequency is changed by program, when frequency is changed in close-loop by vector control system. The characteristics of those models have been compared and performed. The received results are summarized in the conclusions.

In this thesis, a new approach for single-stage power factor correction converters is proposed to increase their power ratings to be in the multiple kilowatts levels. The proposed techniques are based on the utilization of modified three-level resonant converter topologies. These topologies provide low component stresses, high frequency operation, zero voltage switching, applicability under a wide range of input and output conditions as well as added control flexibility. The proposed control algorithms are based on a combination of variable frequency and asymmetrical pulse width modulation control or variable frequency and phase shift modulation control. In either case, the variable frequency control is used to tightly regulate the output voltage, whereas, pulse width or phase shift modulation is used to regulate the dc-bus voltage as well as the input power factor. New converter topologies, their operation and steady state and dynamic analyses are presented in details. A modelling approach based on average multiple frequency methods is also proposed. This approach leads to the development of a full order state space model with the two control variables explicitly separated allowing a better controller design. The model can be used either at high level of detail expressing the non-linearities of the system or it can readily be simplified to a linear decoupled model for approximate solutions. Finally, a discrete time controller for the proposed converters, which is suitable for FPGA implementation, is presented. Analytical, simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the proposed concepts. / Thesis (Ph.D, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-30 14:28:15.725