Background: Healthcare workers are most at risk and most vulnerable toworkplace violence (WPV) when compared to other professions. Despite highrates of exposure to violence, it is highly underreported.Aim: To identify the prevalence rate of WPV and the existing demographicrelationship to WPV in the healthcare sector. To check for risk factors and healthimplications of this type of WPV on victims. Also, this research work intends tohighlight the proposed strategies and interventions that can be used to mitigateagainst this type of WPV.Methods: To achieve this aim, a literature review methodology was employed.The Malmö university library and google scholar search engines were utilizedwith several inclusion criteria to arrive at a total of 24 articles for this review.Results: Prevalence rate for WPV is high with the prevalence for non-physicalviolence being higher than physical violence. Age and years of experienceshowed a significant relationship with being a victim of WPV while gender didnot provide a conclusive result. There were few cases of physical injuries but ahigh percentage of victims of nonphysical violence suffered from psychologicaltrauma such as fear, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder - PTSD, andanxiety. Prevention strategies and interventions have been recommended byvictims and researchers of WPV.Conclusion: WPV is an existing phenomenon with adverse effects which reducethe quality of lives and services of workers. There is need for effective preventivemethods to reduce WPV such as the implementation of zero-tolerance policy toWPV, the presence of police officers in at-risk health care facilities andinvolvement of victims in the development of prevention strategies.

Protection of Victims of Crime Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the issue of protection of victims of crime. The first chapter is focused on victimology - a branch of criminology that scientifically studies the relationship between a victim and an offender. This chapter also deals with various historical and current approaches in victimology. The partial goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the theoretical background, which should provide the reader with a basis for understanding the position of victims, protection of victims and their role in criminal proceedings, which are discussed in the following chapters. The second chapter deals with the phenomenon of the victim of crime. This chapter analyzes the concept of the victim of crime, compares the definition of the victim in the law of the Czech Republic and in the law of the European Union. It also deals with society's response to crime, the relationship between society and the victim, and some misconceptions about the so-called ideal victim. The relationship between society and the victim can be key to the victim's willingness to report committing of crime to law enforcement authorities, so I pay close attention to it. The third chapter deals with the individual rights of victims under the Act on Victims of Crime. The aim of the work...

Secondary victimization of victims of sexual crimes by law enforcement authorities Abstract Although victims of crime received more attention in recent years than ever before, there are lots of myths about them in our society. These myths distort the view not only of the victims themselves, but of moral crimes in general and subsequently they have influence as to how victims are treated. A victim who reports a sexually motivated crime has to face stressful and confusing criminal proceedings. During the proceedings victims are usually forced to testify repeatedly, meet the perpetrator, respond to hurtful questions about their past, their relationship with the perpetrator and justify their behaviour during primary victimization. All of these uncomfortable experiences are the causes of secondary victimization by law enforcement authorities. The main aim of this thesis was to analyze criminal proceedings from the perspective of victims and focus on dangerous situations during which law enforcement authorities can cause secondary victimization to them. The author wanted to clarify the danger of secondary victimizations and dispel the myths and stereotypes which have influence on how we treat the victims and cause secondary victimization. As a source for analysis of criminal proceedings was not only the...

Assistance to victims of crime Abstract This master's thesis deals with the assistance to crime victims and it is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the theory of victims and defines its basic terms such as primary and secondary victimization. It also describes the history of the victim and points out the most common stereotypes in the area of attitude to victims. The main part of the thesis describes the legislation. It deals particularly with the Victims of Crime Act which strengthened the victim's position in criminal proceedings and extended their rights. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the definitions of the victim and the vulnerable victim that are contained in the act. Consequently, the purpose is to compare the terms of the victim as a subject of a special care and the injured party as a subject to criminal proceedings. The fourth chapter thoroughly analyzes the six fundamental rights of the victim, which are enshrined in the Victims of Crime Act. The thesis points out that the right to information, which on the other hand means an information duty for the Police of the Czech Republic, law enforcement authorities and entities registered in the register of aid providers, is not pursued sufficiently. The police authority provides victims with the police caution of several...

CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST HUMAN DIGNITY AND THEIR PREVENTION Abstract This thesis details criminal offences against human dignity and their prevention. The primary objective of this thesis is to present a clear overview of the matter at hand - which is indeed very serious and detrimental to our society - as well as the individual criminal offences against human dignity stated in Act no. 40/2009 Coll., Criminal Code. The document is divided into four main chapters, and each of them provides details regarding different aspects of this topic. The introductory chapter defines the basic terminology necessary to gain an understanding of this topic. The second chapter analyses the perpetrators and victims of criminal offences against human dignity and clarifies the classification according to a variety of typologies and characteristics. Furthermore, it delves into the personality types of the perpetrators as well as their motives for committing criminal acts, and it also describes the process of victimization and the manner in which the victims should be handled. The main chapter of this thesis is divided into two sub-chapters and it mainly describes the detailed characteristics of individual constituent elements of criminal offences against human dignity. The first sub-chapter deals with sex crime and its...

Domestic violence - comparisson of Czech ane U. S. legal regulation Abstract The aim of the thesis is to introduce legal regulation of domestic violence in Czech Republic and in the United States of America including mutual comparison. The body of this thesis is divided into three main segments. The first segment defines the issue of domestic violence through characterizing its typical signs, forms and cycle. The second segment focuses on domestic violence in the Czech Republic with concise overview of the current legislation, forms of protection against domestic violence provided by the private law (especially the legislation within the Civil Code and the Act on Special Judicial Procedures). Following is the introduction to legislation on protection from domestic violence as defined in the Criminal Law. As it is not possible to subsume the phenomenon of domestic violence under a singular substance of criminal offense, the scope of this segment includes analysis of a variety of such substances that are applicable during criminal offense investigation. The characterization of these substances is based on the system of the special part of the Czech Criminal Code. Therefore, the substances of criminal offenses against human life and health are analyzed first, followed by offenses against personal freedom and...

1 Abstrakt v anglickém jazyce The presented master's thesis is focused on methodology of sexual crime investigation and difficulties related to the methodology. Given the fact that the theme is quite vast, I decided to draw my attention to the crime of rape merely. The main aim of the thesis is to describe the process of recognition and investigation of the crime of rape emphasising its characteristic elements, problematic points, and crucial institutes. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with a historical development of the legislation related to the crime of rape and takes fundamental sources of law into consideration. The chapter also includes current legislation of the crime of rape, merits of the case and concepts explanation. The second chapter contains criminological characteristics of sexual assault. The third chapter is devoted to the description of characteristic features of the crime of rape from the point of view of criminalistic and the emphasis is put on the victim's characteristics, their harm, which can be caused by the crime, and behaviour which can affect the process of trails origin. Furthermore, I am introducing the most common myths related to sexual assault. In the fourth chapter individual trails typical for sexual assaults are to be found as well as the...

Criminal aspects of domestic violence Abstract Domestic violence is a highly undesirable phenomenon that has been historically present in our society and, given the intimate sphere of life and the environment it affects, it needs to be treated with caution. The aim of this thesis, which is systematically divided into five chapters, is to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of this dangerous and complex phenomenon with an emphasis on the existing legislation in the Czech Republic. The introductory chapter is devoted to the conceptual definition of domestic violence, the issue of necessity of a unitary definition of this socio-pathological phenomenon, this chapter further introduces the basic definition characteristics of domestic violence, its forms and types, particular phases within the cycle of domestic violence and theory of causes of domestic violence. The second chapter of this thesis deals with criminological and psychological issues respectively in relation to the perpetrator and the victim, introduces the typology of the perpetrators, defines their common characteristics, classify victims according to selected aspects, interprets key victimological terms and points out the serious consequences of repeated attacks. The following chapter presents an overview of the current Czech...

The absence of a framework or policy to address bullying in South Africa compels the country to rely on pieces of legislation that are closely related to anti-bullying laws such as the Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 and Protection from Harassment Act 71 of 2011. Over-reliance on pieces of legislation creates challenges for victims of these bullying crimes because most of the relational aggression exerted towards victims goes unpunished. Some of the adolescents take the law into their own hands, thus, exacerbate and increases the complexity of bullying crimes. Due to advancements in Information and Communications Technology, bully-victim behaviour does not only take place in physical environments such as schools, but it takes place anywhere, anytime (24/7) on Mobile Social Networks. In 2011, a cyberbullying study by the Centre of Justice and Crime Prevention reported that 69.7% of the youth in South Africa falls in the category of bully-victims. This is alarming given that few studies focus on the role of bullyvictims in South Africa. The exact cause for mobile bully-victim behaviour is unclear, and previous studies have highlighted it is between aggressive behaviour and social integration. Therefore, this study examined aggressive behaviour and social integration to determine which of these two factors contribute the most to mobile bully-victim behaviour. Additionally, mobile social network features that enable this behaviour were investigated. The factors that lead to aggressive behaviour and social integration, resulting in mobile bully-victims, were identified through a literature review. Paper-based surveys were issued to Johannesburg high school adolescents. Johannesburg was mainly selected based on finding by previous studies, which highlighted that most of the online bullying and victimisation happens amongst adolescents in Johannesburg. After data was collected, the results were analysed using Statistica version 13.5. The analysis revealed that, indeed, both aggressive behaviour and social integration cause mobile bully-victim behaviour, however, social integration contributed more than aggressive behaviour. The findings also revealed that WhatsApp and Instagram were the most utilized social networks by mobile bullyvictims. There were no differences between males and females when it comes to mobile bullyvictim behaviour. The causes of mobile bully-victim behaviour that have been identified in this study can be used as a starting point to develop legislation/framework aimed at combating mobile bully-victim behaviour. Given that mobile bully-victims are more suicidal and suffer from depression, psychologists and therapists can use the knowledge obtained from this study to develop psychological treatments specifically for mobile bully-victims.

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