Very little is known about the actual living experiences of Malaysian women who are in a domestic violence relationship. This current study attempts to redress this shortfall by listening to the women s stories, understanding their home-life situations and ultimately offering ideas, strategies as well as information to prevent domestic violence in Malaysia. Underpinned by a feminist perspective, a qualitative approach was employed to explore the abused women s accounts in relation to domestic violence impacts, barriers to violence disclosure, as well as useful resources for support of women victims in dealing with domestic violence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 women who identified themselves as victims and survivors of domestic violence perpetrated by their husbands/ex-husbands. Via the analysis of thematic, six major themes were identified to be the impact of domestic violence, as described by the participants. The impacts include physical injuries, mental health problems, social isolation, a growing faith as well as adverse effects on the children and on the women s self-worth. The study also found that many of these abused women were reluctant to disclose abuse because they wanted to conceal those violence experiences from others because of Malaysian perception on disclosing marital affairs, they were concerned about the children s well-being, they felt partly responsible in provoking the violence, and they admitted to lacking knowledge on the provisions of support available for domestic violence victims in the country. From other aspect, the women also struggled to avoid negative labels given for being disrespectful to their men. In addition, the findings revealed four main themes related to the underlying issues on the needs and support of domestic violence service provisions that women drew on in their accounts: theme 1, unpleasant experiences when accessing the services; theme 2, the problems with procedures in disclosing and in the help-seeking process; theme 3, the usefulness of services and theme 4, women s needs and support mechanisms. As a review, the results gained from this present study prove the existence of domestic violence in Malaysian families. Indeed, the interference of cultural values as well as religious beliefs upheld by the Malaysian community was greatly associated with its occurrence. In relation to Malaysia, cultural as well as religious beliefs play a significant role in moulding its people. The results presented seem to add interesting knowledge to the existing literature, where battered Muslim women in Malaysia perceive their violence experiences as a motivation to surrender themselves to God and seek spiritual assistance as one of the impacts due to domestic violence problems. Further, the women s misapprehension of Islamic concepts such as disobedience and nusyuz (to the male partner) has made disclosing violence experiences difficult. Over and above this, the researcher found that the mechanisms of domestic violence resource provisions are worthy of investigation. The findings from this research demonstrate helpful and unhelpful provision of services identified by abused women, in particular relating to institutions in the nation. Prior to ending, this research proposes a number of recommendations for change in regards to formal supportive network resources, education on violence against women at the societal level, as well as the implication of the findings for the development of domestic violence social policy and practise in Malaysia.

Thesis (MCur (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Nursing Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Workplace violence in health care is a worldwide phenomenon. In nursing, the nature of workplace violence is predominantly non-physical in nature. Literature reveals the devastating consequences for the individual nurse, both physically and / or emotionally, depending on the nature of the violence. The consequences for the organisation / institution and the profession are equally devastating, manifesting in reduced standards of patient care and increased attrition from the profession. The pervasiveness of this problem indicates that to date, remedial and protective measures have been unsuccessful. However, most of the research done on workplace violence in nursing has been conducted amongst qualified nurses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of workplace violence, targeting student nurses in clinical areas. The setting was the Western Cape College of Nursing and the population was second, third and fourth-year, pre-registration students. The research objectives addressed various aspects, for example, type, prevalence, perpetrators, consequences and management of workplace violence. A quantitative research design, utilising a survey, was chosen for the study. A probability sample of n = 255 students was selected, using stratified, random sampling as the sampling method. The variables selected for stratification were gender and year of study. A self reported, anonymous questionnaire, guided by the literature review and by the research objectives, was utilised for data generation. Summary statistics were used to describe the variables, whilst distributions of variables were presented in the form of histograms and frequency tables. Where appropriate, the relationships between demographic and research variables were described, using suitable statistical analyses. The findings revealed that the perpetration of non-physical violence against student nurses is widespread, particularly that perpetrated by co-workers, more specifically registered, staff- and assistant nurses. The under reporting of workplace violence was a common finding. Student nurses suffer grave emotional consequences as a result of workplace violence. Almost half of the respondents admitted that they had considered leaving nursing due to workplace violence and that it had negatively affected their standard of patient care. The overall conclusion was that, in accordance with a worldwide trend amongst all categories of nurses, student nurses are targets of workplace violence in the clinical areas. These findings have particular implications for the management of nursing education institutions. The fact that student nurses are targeted to the extent revealed in this study indicates that existing preventive measures in the clinical areas have not been effective. The recommendations arising from this study therefore focus on equipping the vulnerable trainee with the tools to withstand workplace violence. As such, the recommendations are directed at the management of the nursing education institution, to create awareness around the problem, to empower students to confront and cope with workplace violence and to support students traumatised by workplace violence. Finally, this study suggests avenues for further research, for example, research in the same setting after implementation of the recommendations, or further research into the dynamics of workplace violence, targeting student nurses from the perspective of qualified nursing staff or patients. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geweld in die gesondheidsdienste werksplek is ‘n wêreldwye verskynsel. In verpleging is geweld in die werksplek oorwegend nie-fisies van aard. Die literatuur wys op die ingrypende fisiese en / of emosionele gevolge vir die individuele verpleegkundige, afhangend van die aard van die geweld. Die gevolge vir die organisasie of instelling, asook vir die verpleegberoep, is eweneens ingrypend en manifesteer in verlaagde standaarde in pasiëntsorg en ‘n toename in verpleegkundiges wat die beroep verlaat. Die algemene verskynsel van die problem dui aan dat regstellende en beskermende maatreëls tot dusver onsuksesvol was. Die meeste navorsing oor geweld in verpleging is egter tot dusver onder gekwalifiseerde verpleegkundiges gedoen. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die omvang van werksplek-geweld, met studenteverpleegkundiges as teikengroep, in die kliniese areas na te vors. Die studie is by die Wes-Kaap Kollege van Verpleging uitgevoer en die populasie was al die tweede, derde en vierde-jaar, voor-registrasie studente. Die geformuleerde navorsingsdoelwitte vir die studie het verskeie aspekte aangespreek, soos byvoorbeeld, tipe, frekwensie, die uitvoerders van geweld, gevolge en die hantering van werksplek-geweld. ‘n Kwantitatiewe navorsingsontwerp, met gebruikmaking van ’n opname, is vir die studie geselekteer. ‘n Waarskynlikheidsteekproef van n = 255 studente is deur middel van gestratifiseerde, ewekansige steekproefneming geselekteer. Geslag en jaar van studie was as die veranderlikes vir stratifikasie gekies. Die instrument vir data-insameling was ‘n self-voltooide vraelys, gebaseer op die literatuurstudie en gerig deur die navorsingsdoelwitte. Opsommende statistieke is aangewend om die veranderlikes te beskryf, terwyl die verspreidings van veranderlikes in die vorm van histogramme of frekwensie-tabelle aangebied is. Waar toepaslik, is die verhoudings tussen demografiese en navorsingsveranderlikes met behulp van toepaslike statistiese analises beskryf. Die bevindinge het onthul dat die pleeg van nie-fisiese geweld teenoor studenteverpleegkundiges algemeen voorkom, veral daardie deur mede-personeel, meer spesifiek geregistreerde, staf– en assistent verpleegundiges. Die onderrapportering van werksplek-geweld was ‘n algemene bevinding. Studenteverpleegkundiges ly aan erge emosionele gevolge, as gevolg van werksplek-geweld. Byna die helfte van die respondente het erken dat hulle oorweeg het om die beroep te verlaat en dat sodanige geweld hul standaard van pasiëntsorg negatief beinvloed het. Die oorkoepelende gevolgtrekking was dat studenteverpleegkundiges, in ooreenstemming met ‘n wêreldwye neiging onder alle kategorieë van verpleegkundiges, die teiken van werksplek-geweld in die kliniese areas is. Hierdie bevindinge hou spesifieke implikasies vir die bestuur van verpleegonderriginrigtings in. Die feit dat studenteverpleegkundiges tot die mate, soos in die studie onthul, geteiken word, het aangetoon dat bestaande voorkomende maatreëls in die kliniese areas oneffektief is. Die voorstelle vanuit hierdie studie is dus daarop gerig om die ontvanklike nuweling toe te rus om werksplek-geweld teë te staan. As sulks is die voorstelle gemik op die bestuur van die verpleegonderrig-inrigting, om bewustheid rondom die probleem te skep, om studente te bemagtig om geweld te konfronteer en te hanteer, en om studente, wat as gevolg van werksplek-geweld getraumatiseer is, te ondersteun. Laastens word moontlikhede vir verdere navorsing voorgestel, soos byvoorbeeld, navorsing in dieselfde omgewing na die implementering van die voorstelle, of verdere navorsing in die dinamika van werksplek-geweld teenoor studenteverpleegkundiges, vanuit die perspektief van gekwalifiseerde verpleegpersoneel of pasiënte.

This investigation addressed the question "What are the characteristics of the relationship between power, interference, frustration and aggression within the context of a conjugal conflict?" This investigation used a mathematical correlational descriptive design with magnitude estimation measures to evaluate the relationships between power, interference, frustration and aggression. The measures were administered to 39 women drawn from state funded social service agencies. Thirty-three (n = 13) percent of the total sample were retested to determine the stability of the measures. The reliability of the magnitude estimation measures ranged from.90 to.98 for test retest stability and.83 to.92 for the internal consistency or theta coefficients. Regression analysis of the data indicated that power had the strongest relationship to aggression (R² =.89). Neither interference nor frustration had any relationship to the concept of aggression. Empirical modeling revealed that parental aggression, through power, increased the strength of the relationship between power and aggression (R² =.96). The model also revealed that interference had the sole relationship with the concept of frustration (R² =.83).

Threats and violence, or the risk of being subjected to threats and violence in the workplace, is a major health and safety problems that exists in many professions. To be exposed to threats and violence can have serious consequences for the employee's health but also for the organization in question. The aims of this study was to investigate the prevalence of threats and violence at the Swedish Migration Board detention, and to examine whether there were health problems among employees who may be exposed to threats and violence. A web-based questionnaire was answered by 29 employees (response rate = 51 percent). The results showed that more employees had been exposed to verbal threats (66 percent), compared to physical violence (10 percent), and they showed a greater tendency to report physical violence, as opposed to verbal threats. The participants indicated that factors such as working alone, convey rejection decisions and escape attempts increased the risk of threats and violence. However, the majority of the participants reported that the preventive work, including, alarms, training and available equipment, worked fine. Further everyone reported that they received good support from colleagues when they were subjected to a threat or violent situation. Generally the employees reported that their health was good, which might partly be related to an experience that the preventions worked well at this workplace. Future research should investigate such a relationship.

This correlation study investigated the relationship between Africentric values (Collective work and Responsibility, Cooperative Economics and Self determination) as measured by the Children’s Africentric Value Scale (CAVS) (Belgrave, Townsend, Cherry, & Cunningham, 1997) and attitudes towards violence reflected by Culture of Violence and Reactive Violence as measured by the Attitudes Towards Violence Scale: A Measure for adolescents (Funk, Elliot, Urman, Flores, & Mock, 1999) with a sample of 200 secondary school learners in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu Natal. There was no statistically significant relationship between the aforementioned Africentric values and attitudes towards violence. Gender was found to be a predictor of Reactive Violence with male participants being more prone to endorse reactive violence. Recommendations for school violence interventions based on Africentric values were also provided and discussed in this study. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.

Violence, Atrocity and the Behaviour of Pro-Government Armed Groups Bronia Naorni Flett ABSTRACT This thesis explores the existence and behaviour of the under-researched and under- theorised pro-government armed group (PGAG). The core research question is: Why do POAOs behave violently? I define a PGAG as a group that is armed, organised and connected to government. Detailed evidence on PGAGs is limited and typically collected on a case-by-case basis by historians, anthropologists and journalists. The pro-government militia database (www.abdn.ac.uk/rnilitias) is the first project to collect evidence on these groups in a systematic manner. The database finds POAOs existing and operating in diverse environments; they are frequently violent and commit human rights abuses. The empirical contribution of this thesis is to collect further detailed evidence on the behaviour of PGAGs in three diverse cases: the notorious militias in Yugoslavia, the under-researched peasant militias in Peru and the well-regarded International Brigades in Spain.

Domestic violence shelters offer services key to ending intimate partner violence, but the effect of a shelter stay on women has received little research attention. The present qualitative study examined how a shelter stay affects women’s sense of empowerment, and addressed the following questions: (1) How do women in shelter define empowerment? (2) What are the empowerment experiences of women in shelter? (3) How do shelters support, or hinder, women’s empowerment process? Nine interviews were conducted and analyzed using Fraser’s (2004) narrative method, which situates personal stories within their social context. Four interrelated empowerment processes emerged: self-reflection, gaining clarity, acquiring knowledge, and building community. Three primary shelter elements impacting empowerment were: increasing safety, forming connections, and promoting self-efficacy. This research situates a stay in shelter within the process of empowerment and highlights interpersonal, organizational, and structural influences on women’s empowerment. Suggestions regarding shelter practices and system policies are made. / February 2017

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.