Nya casinon dyker upp allt oftare och spelberoende är ett återkommande ämne i nyheterna. Trots alla nya onlinecasinon finns det inga studier idag som undersöker hur den visuella aspekten av dessa onlinespel påverkar spelarna. Denna studie undersöker hur visuell återkoppling påverkar individernas spelande och risktagande när de spelar på onlinecasinon. För att studera dessa effekter genomfördes en studie på 45 studenter som delades in i två grupper. Båda grupperna blev ombedda att spela en prototyp av en enarmad bandit skapad för denna studie som heter "Casino Slotmachine". En grupp såg en vanlig grå pop-up ruta med resultat, medan den andra gruppen utsattes för animeringar i form av fallande konfetti när de vann och en mer estetiskt tilltalande popup-box i en ljusgul ton med resultat. Under spelet registrerades deltagarnas satsningar per runda, tid per runda samt antalet klick per runda. Varje deltagare spelade 20 rundor av spelet. Efter spelet svarade deltagarna på en enkät om deras spelupplevelse. Resultaten visar att deltagarna som fick visuell återkoppling tog större risker under sessionen än gruppen som inte fick visuell återkoppling. Visuell återkoppling kan därför vara en underliggande faktor till varför vissa spelare i onlinecasinon tar större risker idag. Undersökningen visar också på att de som fick visuell återkoppling blev mindre stressade av spelet än de som inte gjorde det. Både män och kvinnor påverkades på samma sätt av den visuella återkopplingen. / New casinos appear online constantly, and gambling addiction is a recurring subject in the news. Despite all the new online casinos, there are no studies today that investigate how the visual aspect of these online games affects the players. This study examines how visual feedback affects individuals' gambling and risk-taking when gambling on online casinos. To study these effects, a study was conducted on 45 students who were divided into two groups. Both groups were asked to play a prototype of a slot machine created for this study called "Casino Slotmachine". One group saw a regular gray pop-up box displaying net profit, while the other group was exposed to animations in the form of falling confetti when winning, and a more aesthetically pleasing pop-up box in a light yellow tone displaying net profit. During the game, the participants' bet per round, time per round and the amount of clicks per round was recorded. Each participant played 20 rounds of the game. After playing, the participants responded to a survey about their gaming experience. The results show that the participants who received visual feedback took more risks during the session than the group that did not receive visual feedback. Visual feedback can therefore be an underlying factor to why some players in online casinos are taking greater risks today. The survey also shows that those who received visual feedback became less stressed by the game than those who did not. Both men and women were similarly affected by the visual feedback.

Introduction: Disorders of balance and dizziness are characteristic symptoms in patients after vestibular schwannoma surgery and often have a negative impact on their quality of life. This thesis deals with impairment of postural stability particularly in patients at the long time period after surgery. The aim of this study is to observe the longitudinal development of vestibular compensation from acute postoperative period to time of several years after surgery. Another aim is to evaluate the short-term effect of vestibular rehabilitation in a long time period after surgical treatment, and to compare the results of measuring the subjective visual vertical, posturography, score of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory questionnaire, age and tumor size in these patients. Methods: Examined group consisted of 10 patients after resection of vestibular schwannoma (mean age 41.4 ± 12.1 years; 2 women and 8 men). All patients underwent intensive rehabilitation program in the acute phase after surgery. 7 patients did exercise with visual feedback, and 3 patients had conventional rehabilitation without visual feedback. In long time period after surgery all patients underwent one exercise unit with visual feedback. Patients underwent computerized posturography examination using force platform Balance Master® in...

本研究以使用者為中心之設計角度出發，探討 Kinect 提供的肢體感測回饋，如何影響序列動作學習，並試圖找出在設計回饋資訊時應注意的要素。本研究提出兩項假設，探討在序列動作學習時，有無肢體感測回饋資訊，對動作表現的影響： H1 使用者在序列動作學習時，提供其肢體感測回饋，可以提高使用者「動作部位精確度」的學習效果。 H2 使用者在序列動作學習時，提供其肢體感測回饋，可以提高使用者對「序列動作完整度」的學習效果。 本研究招募60位受測者，隨機分配到控制組與實驗組。控制組僅提供示範影片，實驗組則同時提供肢體感測回饋。受測者隨示範者練習5次後，在沒有線索輔助下，將所學的六組動作演練一次。研究者同時全程錄影演練過程。結束後，受測者需填答問卷。 透過影片分析，研究者針對「動作部位精確度」及「序列動作完整度」進行評分，以檢視控制組與實驗組在動作表現上之差異。實驗結果卻與研究預期相反，在「動作部位精確度 」與「序列動作完整度」，實驗組都表現較差，且達顯著水準。亦即提供肢體感測回饋，並未提升序列動作的精確度或完整度表現。針對此實驗結果，綜合問卷所得之受測者需求分析，本研究歸因於肢體感測回饋資訊設計不良所致。回饋訊息未能針對使用者需求設計。受測者最需要知道的資訊：動作正確與否、如何修正以及評分標準，實驗組並未能有效獲得。因此，本研究提出肢體感測回饋資訊設計上的三點建議： 1. 系統應給予學習者宏觀概念圖，事先告知學習者序列動作之項目順序。 2. 系統應讓學習者清楚瞭解每個動作之學習項目。 3. 系統除了提供學習者表現獲知的回饋資訊，更需提供修正線索。 / This research was based on user-center design thinking, and discussed how the body posture visual feedback provided by Kinect influenced the learner on motor sequence learning. We tried to find out the key elements of designing feedback. Here we proposed two hypotheses to probe the effects of body posture visual feedback on motor sequence learning: H1 When learning motor sequence, users provided body posture sensing feedback would learn better in “accuracy of moving parts”. H2 When learning motor sequence, users provided body posture sensing feedback would learn better in “completeness of sequence order”. We recruited 60 subjects, and they were distributed into control and experiment group randomly. The control group learned the motor sequence only with demonstrating video; experiment group, on the other side, were provided body posture visual feedback at the same time. All the subjects should practice the motor sequence, which included 6 items, 5 times, then tried to demonstrate the sequence without any cue. They were videotaped at the same time. After that, they should fill out a questionnaire. The researcher scored “accuracy of moving parts”, and “completeness of sequence order” through video analysis, then comparing the differences between two groups. The results were different from what we expected. The experiment group performed significantly worse than control group both in “accuracy of moving parts” and “completeness of sequence order”, which meant providing body posture visual feedback did not enhance the performance of motor sequence learning in both aspects. In the light of the results and the requirements suggested in the questionnaire by subjects, we thought the results caused by bad design of body posture visual feedback, which couldn't fit the users’ needs. The subjects didn’t get the information they need most, like the correctness of their performance, how to adjust the performance and the criteria of scroing. Therefore, we proposed three suggestions on designing body posture visual feedback: 1. The system should provide learners the macro concept of the whole sequence order in advance. 2. The system should let leaners to understand all the movements clearly and thoroughly. 3. The system should provide the information of “Knowledge of Performance”; and further, providing the hints of adjustments.

In this thesis, we have been dealing with the evaluation of progressing of the postural stability in the patients after the operation of the vestibular schwannoma (VS). The stability was evaluated by means of stabilometric parameters (COP trajectory length, COP confidence ellipse area). We measured the development of the parameters before operation, immediately after resection and before the discharge. The set contained 17 patients (n = 17). The level of static importance we determined p ≤ 0,05. We found a statistically significant difference between the measurement before the operation and the measurement immediately after the operation (COP confidence ellipse area: p = 0,0183, COP trajectory length: p = 0,0355). On the other hand, the change in both parameters in the measurement before the discharge and the testing after the resection wasn't statistically significant (COP confidence ellipse area: p = 0,4081, COP trajectory length: p = 0,9991). Our next goal was to find out if the stability fault correlates with the disorder of function VOR. We testing the function of t-VOR by the subjective visual vertical (SVV) (n = 24), the function of the r-VOR by the dynamic visual acuity (DVA) (n = 28) and the caloric test (n = 21). We found a statistically significant correlation of both stabilometric...

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-20T13:18:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cristinamartinscoelho.pdf: 906013 bytes, checksum: d8d510c3a624b79e501915aaf5479e99 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:18:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cristinamartinscoelho.pdf: 906013 bytes, checksum: d8d510c3a624b79e501915aaf5479e99 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T15:18:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cristinamartinscoelho.pdf: 906013 bytes, checksum: d8d510c3a624b79e501915aaf5479e99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-29 / Introdução: A força muscular respiratória é geralmente estimada a partir das pressões geradas nas vias aéreas pela contração dos músculos respiratórios. Dentre os testes disponíveis para este fim, o mais amplamente utilizado na prática clínica é a avaliação das pressões respiratórias estáticas máximas (PREM) ao nível da boca: pressão inspiratória máxima e pressão expiratória máxima. Atualmente, recomenda-se a utilização de transdutores de pressão em substituição aos manovacuômetros aneróides durante as medidas das PREM. Entretanto, os parâmetros de definição de pressão máxima a serem empregados a partir da utilização deste tipo de equipamento ainda são motivo de debate. Uma das possíveis vantagens relacionadas à utilização dos transdutores de pressão é a visualização do próprio esforço realizado por parte dos indivíduos. Porém, não foram encontrados na literatura consultada estudos que avaliassem objetivamente os efeitos desta estratégia sobre os valores pressóricos mensurados. Objetivos: Investigar diferentes parâmetros de definição de pressão máxima descritos na literatura para as medidas das PREM, bem como avaliar a influência do estímulo visual sobre o desempenho dos voluntários durante estas medidas. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal, do qual participaram 49 sujeitos saudáveis, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 23,08 ± 2,5 anos, índice de massa corporal que não caracterizasse desnutrição ou obesidade, e função ventilatória dentro dos limites da normalidade. Os voluntários foram recrutados na comunidade acadêmica da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, e todos assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido previamente às avaliações. Para as medidas das PREM, foi utilizado um transdutor de pressão da marca EMG System do Brasil Ltda. Os testes foram realizados em duas ocasiões, com intervalo mínimo de duas semanas, com e sem a utilização do estímulo visual. Os parâmetros de definição de pressão máxima avaliados foram estimados a partir de algoritmo matemático desenvolvido para a pesquisa, a saber: pressão de pico, pressão de platô, pressão média máxima e pressão segundo a área. Além disso, foram avaliados ainda o tempo para atingir o valor de pico e a área normalizada. Para análise estatística, foram empregados a média e o desvio padrão para caracterização da amostra, além dos testes de Friedman, Wilcoxon, e da correlação de Spearman para análise das variáveis. Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre todos os parâmetros de definição de pressão máxima estudados (p < 0,05). Com relação à utilização do estímulo visual, este esteve relacionado a maiores valores pressóricos apenas no primeiro dia de avaliação (p < 0,05), indicando neste caso o efeito do aprendizado. Conclusão: Foram evidenciadas diferenças significativas entre todos os parâmetros de definição de pressão máxima estudados. Além disso, a utilização do estímulo visual durante os testes pareceu não resultar em melhoria do desempenho dos sujeitos avaliados. / Introduction: Respiratory muscle strength is usually estimated from the pressures generated on the airways by the respiratory muscles contraction. Among the available tests, the most widely used in clinical practice is the assessment of the maximal static respiratory pressures (MSRP) generated at the mouth: maximum static inspiratory pressure and maximum static expiratory pressure. Nowadays, the use of pressure transducers during the measurements of the MSRP, in substitution to the aneroid manometers, is recommended. However, the definition parameters of maximum pressure that should be applied when using this device are still to be defined. One of the possible advantages related to the use of pressure transducers is the real time visualization, by the subjects, of their own effort. Nevertheless, studies that objectively evaluated the effects of this strategy upon the pressure values obtained were not found in the literature. Objectives: To investigate different definition parameters of maximum pressure described in the literature for the MSRP measurements, as well as to assess the influence of the visual feedback upon the performance of the volunteers. Methods: Transversal study, in which 49 healthy subjects from both sexs took part, mean age 23,08 ± 2,5 years, body mass index that did not characterize obesity or malnutrition, and ventilatory function within normal limits. The volunteers were recruited from the academic community of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, and all gave their informed written consent prior to the measurements. The assessments of the MSRP were made using an EMG System do Brasil Ltda. pressure transducer. The tests were conducted in two occasions, with a two-week minimum interval, with and without visual feedback. The definition parameters of maximum pressure were estimated from a mathematical algorithm developed to the research and were, namely, peak pressure, plateau pressure, mean pressure and pressure according to the area. It was also evaluated the time to reach the peak pressure and the normalized area. For statistical analysis, it was used the mean and the standard deviation for sample characterization, and the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, as well as the Spearman correlation, for the data analysis. Results: There were found significant differences among all the definition parameters of maximum pressure studied. Regarding the tests undertaken with visual feedback, they were related to higher pressure values only in the first day of assessments (p > 0,05), indicating, in this case, the learning effect. Conclusion: There were found significant differences among all the definition parameters of maximum pressure studied. In addition, the use of visual feedback during the testes seems to be unable to improve the volunteers’ performance.

<p>While pronunciation has previously been described as a neglected skill in the second language classroom, a growing body of literature has demonstrated that pronunciation training improves students’ productions (Derwing & Munro, 2005). Mispronunciations have been shown to impact comprehensibility, intelligibility, and accentedness (Derwing & Munro, 2009). As pronunciation instruction methods have begun to be the subject of empirical research, Visual Feedback (VF) has begun to emerge as a novel method for teaching pronunciation. This method has been shown to be particularly effective for teaching voice onset time (VOT), a characteristic of voiceless stop consonants (e.g., /p, t, k/). Worth noting, English and Spanish differ concerning VOT, with English employing long VOTs (30-100ms) and Spanish short VOTs (0-30ms) (Lisker & Abramson’s, 1964). Previous research has focused exclusively on employing VF for shortening VOT, although there are some compelling reasons to question whether the size and nature of the effect would be similar for lengthening VOT. The present study examines the potential effectiveness of VF as a means of lengthening the VOT of Spanish learners of English.</p> <p>The participants of the study were twenty-six students from a large Colombian university. The experiment design consisted of a pretest, three VF interventions, a posttest, and a delayed posttest. The tests were composed of two tasks, differing in their complexity: recording words in isolation and words in utterances. Stimuli consisted of English words (n= 4266) with word-initial voiceless stops (/p, t, k/). Stimuli were controlled for stress, following vowel, and word familiarity  and were measured for VOT using Praat (Boersma & Weenink, 2022).</p> <p>Results from statistical analysis coupled with a visual inspection of the data indicated that the experimental group performed similarly in the three stages of the study and that the visual feedback paradigm did not result in changes in VOT. However, some degree of variation was found among the participants concerning their average VOTs. While some participants showed an overall increase (i.e., improvement) in English VOTs for the three phonemes /p/, /t/, and /k/ over time, other participants did not. In general, most of the participants produced English-like VOTs in the pretest, constituting a degree of ceiling effects. The rate of exposure to the target language and the saliency of English are factors that could have played a role in the development of the VOT scores of the participants before the study. Therefore, the discussion focuses on both the nature of the individual variability and the theoretical implications of ceiling effects found in the current study versus the lack of ceiling effects in other studies with similar populations.</p>

No description available.

Le système perceptif d’un chirurgien doit s’adapter aux contraintes multisensorielles liées à la chirurgie guidée par l’image. Trois expériences sont conçues pour explorer ces contraintes visuelles et haptiques pour l’apprentissage guidé par l’image. Les résultats montrent que les sujets sont plus rapides et plus précis avec une vision directe. La stéréoscopie 3D n’améliore pas les performances des débutants complets. En réalité virtuelle, la variation de la longueur, largeur, position et complexité de l'objet affecte les performances motrices. La force de préhension appliquée sur un système robotique chirurgical dépend de l'expérience de l'utilisateur. En conclusion, le temps et la précision sont importants, mais la précision doit rester une priorité pour un apprenti. L'homogénéité des groupes d'étude est important pour la recherche sur la formation chirurgicale. Les résultats ont un impact direct sur le suivi des compétences individuelles pour les applications guidées par l'image. / Perceptual system of a surgeon must adapt to conditions of multisensorial constrains regard to planning, control, and execution of the image-guided surgical operations. Three experimental setups are designed to explore these visual and haptic constraints in the image-guided training. Results show that subjects are faster and more precise with direct vision compared to image guidance. Stereoscopic 3D viewing does not represent a performance advantage for complete beginners. In virtual reality, variation in object length, width, position, and complexity affect the motor performance. Applied grip force on a surgical robot system depends on the user experience level. In conclusion, both time and precision matter critically, but trainee gets as precise as possible before getting faster should be a priority. Study group homogeneity and background play key role in surgical training research. The findings have direct implications for individual skill monitoring for image-guided applications.

Smarta kläder är en kroppsnära teknik som består av kläder som har i sig integrerade/invävda sensorer vilka mäter kroppssignaler, arbetsställningar och rörelser och visar information om eventuella överbelastningar. Syftet i denna studie var att utvärdera prototyp 1 av ett smart arbetsklädersystem genom att utreda användarnas upplevelse (user experience) och användbarhet av prototypen samt prototypens påverkan på testpersonernas arbetsbeteende. En kombinerad studiedesign valdes. Den experimentella studien kompletterades med enkät och intervju. Tolv testpersoner deltog i undersökningen, fördelade lika på tre grupper: en kontrollgrupp och två experimentgrupper. Via tekniska mätningar samlades kinematisk data gällande: handledens vinkelhastighet och tummens tryckkraft; överarmens vinkel för höger- och vänster arm; överarmens vinkelhastighet för höger och vänster arm samt bålens vinkel vid fram- och bakåtböjningar. Signifikanta arbetsbeteendeförändringar kunde ej konstateras, men det förekom stora skillnader i de individuella resultaten i varje grupp. Dock kunde inte något specifikt mönster i arbetsbeteendeförändringar från de olika grupperna urskiljas. Hypotesen att arbetsbeteendeförändringar kan tillskrivas påverkan från prototypen stöddes inte av data. Resultatet från intervju- och enkätundersökning kring användarnas upplevelse och användbarhet visade att prototypen skattades som användarvänlig och användbar i sin helhet. Testpersonerna önskade förändringar i prototypens konstruktion gällande prototypens material och storlek, typ av feedback samt placering av sensorer. Vissa brister i design och utförandet av användartesterna och experimentmätningen konstateras och deras inverkan på studiens validitet och reliabilitet diskuteras. Rekommendationer ges gällande framtida testning av nästa prototyp utifrån de upptäckta bristerna. / Smart clothes are a group of technical aids that consist of clothing that has integrated/built-in sensors that measure body postures and movements and display information about possible physical overload. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prototype 1 of a smart workwear system by investigating its user experience and usability, as well as the impact of the prototype on the test subjects' work behavior. A combined study design was chosen. The experimental study was supplemented with questionnaire and interview. Twelve test subjects split in three equal groups participated in the study: one control group and two experimental groups. Through technical measurements, kinematic data was collected: angular velocity of the wrist and thumb pressure; right and left arm's angle; angular velocity for the right and left arm as well as the torso angle during forward and backward bending. Changes in work behavior were found. However, large differences in the individual results within each group were observed, with no obvious pattern of changes in work behavior between groups. The collected data did not support the hypothesis that work behavior changes can be associated with the impact of the prototype.  The result of analysis of the interviews and questionnaires about user experience and usability showed that the prototype was considered user-friendly and useful in general. Test subjects requested changes in the prototype’s construction regarding the prototype’s material and size, type of feedback and location of sensors.  Some shortcomings are observed in the test design, data collection and also in how the tests were conducted. Their impact on the validity and reliability of the study is discussed; accordingly, recommendations addressing the detected shortcomings are given regarding the future testing of the next prototype.

<div>Typing in Japanese is a difficult process for novice and intermediate learners of Japanese due</div><div>to the writing system of the Japanese language and its comparatively involved input method on a</div><div>keyboard. Considering that spell checkers, which enable the user to check and correct their own</div><div>errors and select the correct kanji word, are designed for native speakers, the learners of Japanese</div><div>as a foreign language (JFL) may not recognize their spelling errors and are thus unable to selfcorrect using this built-in tool.</div><div>The present study addresses this problem and conducts an experiment to evaluate the</div><div>effectiveness of a visual feedback tool by its error recognition rate on the learners spelling errors</div><div>when typing in Japanese. The participants were 46 beginner level JFL learners in a third semester</div><div>Japanese course, and the majority consist of native speakers of Chinese or English. The</div><div>participants participated in two experimental sessions. In both sessions, participants were audio</div><div>recorded while reading aloud a list of words in Japanese for pronunciation analysis and screen</div><div>recorded while typing the same list of Japanese words. These recordings are used to analyze the</div><div>characteristics of error patterns in both pronunciation and typing. During the typing sessions, visual</div><div>feedback is provided to the participants via a customized dictionary tool when participants make</div><div>a spelling error.</div><div>The results show that regardless of the native language, the learners have difficulty on certain</div><div>words that include long vowels or double consonants. The recorded error patterns align with the</div><div>findings of previous studies (Hatasa, 2001; Nakazawa, 2003; Tsuchiya, 2000), and the visual</div><div>feedback showed an average error recognition rate of 76% of the participants’ spelling errors. The</div><div>participants also assessed the dictionary tool in terms of usability, and their responses indicate that</div><div>such tools are very useful during typing. The researcher concludes that using a visual feedback</div><div>dictionary tool is effective in recognizing the spelling errors of the learners when typing, and it</div><div>increases the learner’s awareness of spelling accuracy.</div>