published_or_final_version / Economics / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of AMerica, 1912. / Published also, without thesis note, under title: Consumers and wage-earners: the ethics of buying cheap. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-136).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of AMerica, 1912. / Published also, without thesis note, under title: Consumers and wage-earners: the ethics of buying cheap. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-136).

One purpose of the thesis is to find the role of the cohort effect in changes in the wage structure of urban China. We construct synthetic cohort data from the repeated cross-sections of Urban Household Survey (UHS) 1988-2002, and get a series of interesting results on wages. Our analysis is not only the first study in cohort patterns of wage structure in economic transition, but also the first study that systematically discusses the winners and losers during economic transition in urban China. Besides, our study makes contributions in the further discussion of factors influencing cohort effect. Furthermore, the thesis provides the first study in the role of cohort effect in estimating returns to education and age premium. Lastly, this thesis decomposes factors affecting the growth of wage and wage inequality, and finds that the cohort effect is mainly responsible for the rapid wage growth and inequality increase in urban China. / The last twenty years have witnessed an economic transition for many countries, including the former Soviet Union, Central and Eastern Europe, as well as China. Different from other countries, China has been experiencing a gradual and partial economic transition since the late 1970s. The consequences of the economic transition in all these countries are also quite different. Other transitional economies have recorded abrupt recessions, as reflected in negative GDP growth, a decline in wage, and an increase in unemployment. As a stark contrast, China has experienced a smooth and rapid economic growth in the last two and a half decades of economic transition. Its GDP growth has kept on a leading level with that of the whole world. Besides, the wage level, as well as wage inequality, has risen substantially. / The other purpose of this thesis is to find the role of the cohort effect in the dramatically declining labor force participation of urban China. Our study reveals that the cohort effect explains much of the decline in the labor force participation. This is the first study in analyzing labor participation in economic transition using synthetic cohort data, and we find that estimation of cross-section analysis of life-cycle participation is quite misleading. Besides, our study presents the first analysis of the wage structure effect on participation after separating the cohort effect from the age effect. Will higher inequality cause incentive effect or disincentive effect? Will results differ for men and women? This thesis provides a thorough analysis, and makes important contributions to the literature. / This thesis conducts research on wage structure and labor force participation during economic transition in urban China. One major contribution of this thesis is to separate the cohort effect from the age effect in analyzing labor market behavior in economic transition. Given the dramatic changes to the Chinese economy and society in the past half century, cohort quality, cohort size, cohort preference, and even labor market opportunities for each cohort will be very different. Therefore, inter-cohort differentials in labor market behaviors may be quite significant. However, previous studies usually employed cross-section analysis, and have ignored the cohort effect, which mixed up cohort effect and age effect and might cause the serious problem of bias in estimation. Our analysis avoids this problem. / Han Jun. / "September 2006." / Advisers: Juncen Zhang; Hongbin Li. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: A, page: 1109. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-223). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, June, 2010. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, August 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--American University, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 320-337).

No description available.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o papel da ocupação no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, procurando identificar seus efeitos sobre o salário e o emprego dos indivíduos e a estrutura salarial da economia brasileira. Apesar de sua importância, esse assunto tem recebido pouca atenção na literatura sobre a desigualdade de renda no Brasil. Na primeira parte desse estudo, faz-se uma descrição dos dados para as seis ocupações que serão utilizadas - dirigentes, profissionais das ciências e das artes, técnicos de nível médio, trabalhadores de serviços administrativos, dos serviços e da produção. Percebe-se que a ocupação que mais emprega é a de trabalhadores dos serviços, porém, também é a que abriga maior quantidade de indivíduos com baixo nível de escolaridade e a que apresenta menor remuneração. Através de uma técnica de decomposição da desigualdade de renda, verifica-se que a ocupação tem um poder explicativo tão alto quanto o da escolaridade. A segunda parte do trabalho analisa o prêmio salarial associado a cada ocupação após controlar por efeitos fixos individuais dos trabalhadores, investigando o que acontece com a variação salarial do indivíduo na medida em que transita entre as ocupações. Os resultados mostram que a ocupação que mais atrai trabalhadores é a de dirigentes e as maiores perdas salariais ocorrem ao se transitar para a ocupação de trabalhadores dos serviços. Dado que a ocupação é importante para explicar a desigualdade, na última parte investiga-se como a estrutura ocupacional do mercado de trabalho brasileiro evolui ao longo do tempo, verificando em que medida a tecnologia pode afetar essa estrutura. Fica evidenciado o crescimento do emprego para ocupações que pagam salários intermediários ou altos. Com esses resultados, conclui-se que a ocupação tem efeitos importantes no mercado de trabalho no Brasil. / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the role of the occupation in the Brazilian labor market, examining its effects on individuals\' wage and employment and on the wage structure of the Brazilian economy. Despite its importance, this subject has received little attention in the inequality literature in Brazil. In the first part of this study, the data are described for the six occupations that will be used - managers, professionals in sciences and arts, technicians, white collar workers, services workers and production workers. The occupation that employs most workers is services workers. But it is also the one that has the highest amount of low education individuals and with the lowest earnings. Through the use of an inequality decomposition technique, it is verified that occupation has as high explanatory power as education. The second part of the dissertation analyzes the wage premium associated to each occupation, after controlling for individual fixed effects, and investigates what happens with the wage variation of the individual when it transits among occupations. The results show that the occupation that attracts more workers is managers and the highest wage losses occur when a worker transits to the services workers occupation. Since occupation is important to explain inequality, in the last part it is investigated how the occupational structure of the Brazilian labor market evolves over time, verifying if technology can affect this structure. Evidence is produced showing employment growth for occupations that pay intermediate or high wages. With these results, it is concluded that occupation has important effects in the labor market in Brazil.