A common alternative to full resolution of the near-wall region in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations is the use of wall functions that decrease the mesh requirements in this region. This study presents two alternatives to current wall functions. The first method is based on numerically approximating a turbulent velocity profile using a one-dimensional subgrid contained within walljacent control cells. The second method is an analytical approach similar to previous wall function methods, but this method is valid both inside and outside of the fluid boundary layer. Use of both methods allows approximation of boundary layers of varying height relative to the first layer sizing. Use of these methods allows wall adjacent primary grid sizes to vary from low-Re model sizing of y+ ≈ 1 to grid sizes of y+ ~ 1000 or more without significant loss in accuracy, and with computational costs similar to currently used wall functions.

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Some of the most successful antibiotics in the clinic inhibit bacterial cell wall assembly. However, the continued emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is rapidly eroding the efficacy of these drugs - like all other antibiotics - and is a significant threat to human health. New treatment options are urgently needed that hinder bacterial viability, growth, and/or pathogenesis. Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are integral components of Gram-positive bacterial cell walls and are critical to physiology and pathogenesis. WTA assembly is a bona fide drug target in several pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus. Many whole-cell screens have been performed to find small molecule inhibitors of this process. These efforts require a deep understanding of WTA assembly to help identify, characterize, and exploit high potential targets and therapeutic strategies. Challenges involved in the isolation of authentic substrates have hampered detailed biochemical study of WTA biosynthesis. Many features of the process remain uncharacterized. In this thesis, I detail a novel chemoenzymatic method to prepare authentic WTA substrates. I show that these materials can be used to study WTA biosynthetic enzymes in vitro and to probe enigmatic features of WTA assembly. With authentic WTA substrates, I reconstituted the final step of B. subtilis WTA synthesis in vitro, which involves ligation of WTAs to peptidoglycan. This process eluded biochemical characterization for decades. I investigated the catalytic requirements and substrate preferences for the LytR-CpsA-Psr family of enzymes that mediate this glycopolymer transfer reaction. Further, I discuss the attractiveness of these enzymes as antibiotic drug targets. Authentic WTA substrates will likely continue to be useful tools in understanding molecular features of WTA assembly and serve to assist drug discovery and development efforts targeting this process. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

concrete has a memory. It stores the construction sequences. It shows what it is made of and how it is made. The texture of the formwork, the color difference of the pours, and the shadows of the metal ties combine to layer the beauty of concrete. The aim of this study is to explore the instruments of a concrete surface in order to enhance this multi-sensory experience. This study began with the design of a concrete wall and evolved into the design of a single-family home. / Master of Architecture

This thesis is an investigation in taking the architectural element "wall" and celebrating it in the design of a building. Walls are necessary elements in the urban fabric, and as such, should be celebrated. They enrich the space that they surround and enrich that which surrounds them as part of the urban fabric. The project involves first creating walls with presence, then enclosing them in a manner that reveres them, that preserves their significance and emphasizes their presence. / Master of Architecture

Assisted living means to undergo drastic changes in life. Most significant is the change from a familiar domestic environment to a care based situation that includes incremental levels of medical support, often in spaces that are modeled after hospitals. The core of this thesis is grounded in the believe that an architectural familiarity of space should be retained, whereas the overall architecture should be able to silently absorb the necessities of medical support. As a place of habitat, the constellation of rooms proposes for an individual to quickly develop a new community that analogous to the typical domestic communities. / Master of Architecture / The population of the elderly is very large in today's society, which results in urgent needs of assisted living institutions. But some design of assisted living institutions tend to be similar to hospitals, which can not provide comfortable living environment for the elderly. Therefore, the thesis focus to find a possible way for the assisted living institution design to meet both the medical needs and the living needs of the elderly. The main idea is to build a small community for the elderly where they can have their daily life as usual and to provide necessary medical care which will be separated from the living part.

it is essential to regard the history of a site. to find the complexities that to others have mattered. architecture has a responsibility to interpret the past to future generations. it is then that it becomes immortal. / Master of Architecture

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The subject of this thesis is the design of a local road cut off in the resort Hálův mlýn located in the cadastral of municipality Lažánky, Brno-venkov district, South Moravian Region. The thesis contains static calculation and design documentation.