Thesis advisor: Diana C. Pullin / As district- and school-level leaders face increasing pressure from federal, state, and local accountability mandates there has been increased dependence on using and analyzing student data to help improve student performance. While the reporting of disaggregated data by student subgroup confirms that achievement gaps exist, it does not provide district- and school-level leaders with the diagnostic data needed to identify key factors inhibiting student performance. Identifying and understanding factors hindering student performance is critical knowledge for leaders to cultivate as they work to address elements within their school or district that may need to change if student learning is to improve. This research study examined specific ways district- and school-level leaders go about challenging and helping their community to face the problem of student performance disparities, as well as specific aspects of the situation that may be contributing to the community's collective capacity, to address student performance disparities. Without proper district-level leadership, effectively addressing operational conditions that may lead to disparities in student learning is unlikely. Yet, little is known about which structures and routines district- and school-level leaders perceive to be important when analyzing student data. This single case study presents the results of an examination of student data analysis structures and routines within a small diverse urban Massachusetts district designated by the state as low-performing based on state indicators. In order to further understand structures and routines, interview and document data were reviewed. Four primary findings identified the district leadership's response to educational inequities: (1) a mandate for using data war-rooms and student data walls; (2) a traveling cabinet to ensure uniform review of student data across the schools in the district; (3) a mandate for individual school improvement plans; and (4) the use of school-based instructional coaches. / Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

Atualmente, problemas de interação fluido-estrutura representam um grande desafio em diferentes áreas de engenharia e ciências aplicadas. Dentro das aplicações de engenharia civil, a ação do vento sobre estruturas tem grande relevância principalmente na avaliação de instabilidades elásticas de estruturas muito flexíveis, como pontes e estruturas de membrana. Este trabalho introduz os conceitos principais das estruturas de membrana e da ação do vento em estruturas. A ação do vento em estruturas de membrana será apresentada em capítulo à parte, através de aplicações computacionais para problemas de fluidodinâmica. A ação do vento em estruturas é tratada de forma consistente com as prescrições da norma técnica da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) NBR 6123 Forças devidas ao Vento em Edificações, a qual está vigente desde Junho de 1988. Ainda, foi apresentado breve resumo sobre análise dinâmica do vento através de modelos reduzidos em túneis de vento. Devido às estruturas de membrana possuírem formas incomuns e comportamento estrutural diferenciado com relação às estruturas convencionais, as forças devido à ação do vento nestas estruturas não fazem parte do escopo da NBR 6123. Utilizando-se dos conceitos básicos e benchmarks da norma supracitada, a análise fluido-dinâmica das aplicações será tratada computacionalmente. As leis físicas e equações gerais para solução deste tipo de problema são apresentadas em concordância com o software utilizado. Neste trabalho a ação do vento em estruturas de membrana foi solucionada com acoplamento parcial em algumas aplicações tridimensionais, fazendo-se uso do software Ansys versão 11. Aqui entende-se por acoplamento parcial a tratativa do vento e da estrutura em domínios separados. Em primeira análise, foram obtidas as pressões de vento sobre uma malha de elementos infinitamente rígidos e indeslocáveis com a forma geométrica da membrana. As pressões foram então aplicadas sobre a estrutura, obtendo-se deslocamentos e tensões estáticas. Atualizando-se o domínio do vento para a nova geometria, novos processamentos foram realizados sucessivamente até que a variação de tensões ou das pressões na estrutura fosse desprezível. / Currently, problems of fluid-structure interaction represent a major challenge in different areas of engineering and applied sciences. Within the civil engineering applications, the action of wind on structures has great importance particularly in the evaluation of elastic instabilities of very flexible structures such as bridges and tension membrane structures. This work introduces the main concepts of tension membrane structures and wind acting on structures. The fluid-dynamic analysis are presented in a separate chapter, focused on computational applications. The wind acting on structures is treated consistently with the prescriptions of the national code ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnics Brazilian Technical Standards Association) NBR 6123 - Wind Forces on Buildings, issued on June 1988. Still, a brief summary was presented on the dynamic analysis of wind using wind tunnels. As tension membrane structures having unusual shapes and different structural behavior compared to conventional structures, the forces due to wind action on membranes are not part of the scope of NBR 6123. Using the basic concepts and benchmarks available, the fluid-dynamics for the applications are treated computationally. The general physical laws and equations for solving this problem are presented in accordance with the software. The wind acting on membrane structures was solved with partial coupling in some three-dimensional applications, using Ansys v.11 software. Here, partial coupling means solving wind problem and structure problem separately. In the first analysis, the wind problem is solved obtaining pressures over a rigid mesh with the geometric shape of the membrane structure. These pressures are then applied on the membrane, resulting on static displacements and stresses. Updating the domains to the new geometry, other analysis are run until the change over the structural tensions is negligible.

Este trabalho é dedicado ao estudo da estabilidade de arcos, em regime elástico linear, submetidos a carregamentos conservativos. No Capítulo I, desenvolve-se a análise de alguns importantes trabalhos dos últimos 20 anos, sobre estabilidade de arcos, apresentando-se os seus procedimentos e principais resultados. O Capítulo 2 é dedicado aos estabelecimento de conceitos básicos do cálculo tensorial necessários para o desenvolvimento claro da teoria da elasticidade em coordenadas curvilíneas e sua aplicação na formulação variacional da teoria de barras curvas, apresentadas no Capítulo 3. O Capítulo 4 é dedicado à confecção de modelo matemático para o estudo da estabilidade de arco com geometria e carregamentos conservativos quaisquer, envolvendo o estabelecimento da trajetória fundamental de equilíbrio, a determinação da carga crítica e o estabelecimento da trajetória pós-crítica na vizinhança da carga crítica. A formulação adotada é a lagrangiana, a discretização do problema é feita pelo método dos elementos finitos, e as equações não lineares de equilíbrio são resolvidas por uma combinação dos métodos das perturbações e de Newton-Raphson. / This paper deals with the stability of arches in a linear-elastic condition under conservative loads. In Chapter 1, the analysis of some important papers on arch stability written during the last 20 years is developed, together with a presentation of their procedures and main results. Chapter 2 establishes some basic concepts of tensorial calculus, required for the clear development of the elasticity theory on curvilinear coordinates and its application to the variational formulation of the curved beams theory, which are presented in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, a mathematical model for the study of the stability of arches with any geometry and any conservative loading is presented; it involves the establishment of the fundamental equilibrium trajectory, the determination of the critical loading and the establishment of the post critical trajectory near the critical loading. The Lagrangean formulation is adopted, the problem discretization is made by the finite element method, and the nonlinear equilibrium equations are solved through a combination of the perturbation and the Newton-Raphson methods.

by Yip Wai Man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves 132-135. / ABSTRACT / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / PART I / Chapter 1 --- OVERVIEW ON SEMANTIC DATA MODELLING APPROACH … --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- SCOPE OF RESEARCH --- p.4 / Chapter 3 --- CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE OF SAM* --- p.7 / Chapter 3.1 --- Concepts and Associations --- p.7 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Membership Association --- p.8 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Aggregation Association --- p.8 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Generalization Association --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Interaction Association --- p.10 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Composition Association --- p.11 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Cross-Product Association --- p.12 / Chapter 3.1.7 --- Summary Association --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2 --- An Example --- p.14 / Chapter 3.3 --- Occurrences --- p.15 / PART II / Chapter 4 --- SYSTEM OVERVIEW --- p.17 / Chapter 4.1 --- System Objectives --- p.17 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Data Level --- p.17 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Meta-Data Level --- p.18 / Chapter 4.2 --- System Characteristics --- p.19 / Chapter 4.3 --- Design Considerations --- p.20 / Chapter 5 --- IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS --- p.23 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.23 / Chapter 5.2 --- Data Definition Language for Schema --- p.24 / Chapter 5.3 --- Construction of Directed Acyclic Graph --- p.27 / Chapter 5.4 --- Query Manipulation Language --- p.28 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Semantic Manipulation Language --- p.29 / Chapter 5.4.1.1 --- Locate Concepts --- p.30 / Chapter 5.4.1.2 --- Retrieve Information About Concepts --- p.30 / Chapter 5.4.1.3 --- Find a Path Between Two Concepts --- p.31 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Occurrence Manipulation Language --- p.32 / Chapter 5.5 --- Examples --- p.35 / Chapter 6 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS --- p.41 / Chapter 6.1 --- Allow Non-Homogeneity of Facts about Entities --- p.41 / Chapter 6.2 --- Field Name is Information --- p.42 / Chapter 6.3 --- Description of Group of Information --- p.43 / Chapter 6.4 --- Explicitly Description of Interaction --- p.43 / Chapter 6.5 --- Information about Entities --- p.44 / Chapter 6.6 --- Automatically Joining Tables --- p.45 / Chapter 6.7 --- Automatically Union Tables --- p.45 / Chapter 6.8 --- Automatically Select Tables --- p.46 / Chapter 6.9 --- Ambiguity --- p.47 / Chapter 6.10 --- Normalization --- p.47 / Chapter 6.11 --- Update --- p.50 / PART III / Chapter 7 --- SCHEMA VERIFICATION --- p.55 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.55 / Chapter 7.2 --- Need of Schema Verification --- p.57 / Chapter 7.3 --- Integrity Constraint Handling Vs Schema Verification --- p.58 / Chapter 8 --- AUTOMATIC THEOREM PROVING --- p.60 / Chapter 8.1 --- Overview --- p.60 / Chapter 8.2 --- A Discussion on Some Automatic Theorem Proving Methods --- p.61 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Resolution --- p.61 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Natural Deduction --- p.63 / Chapter 8.2.3 --- Tableau Proof Methods --- p.65 / Chapter 8.2.4 --- Connection Method --- p.67 / Chapter 8.3 --- Comparison of Automatic Theorem Proving Methods --- p.70 / Chapter 8.3.1 --- Proof Procedure --- p.70 / Chapter 8.3.2 --- Overhead --- p.70 / Chapter 8.3.3 --- Unification --- p.71 / Chapter 8.3.4 --- Heuristics --- p.72 / Chapter 8.3.5 --- Getting Lost --- p.73 / Chapter 8.4 --- The Choice of Tool for Schema Verification --- p.73 / Chapter 9 --- IMPROVEMENT OF CONNECTION METHOD --- p.77 / Chapter 9.1 --- Motivation of Improving Connection Method --- p.77 / Chapter 9.2 --- Redundancy Handled by the Original Algorithm --- p.78 / Chapter 9.3 --- Design Philosophy of the Improved Version --- p.82 / Chapter 9.4 --- Primary Connection Method Algorithm --- p.83 / Chapter 9.5 --- AND/OR Connection Graph --- p.89 / Chapter 9.6 --- Graph Traversal Procedure --- p.91 / Chapter 9.7 --- Elimination Redundancy Using AND/OR Connection Graph --- p.94 / Chapter 9.8 --- Further Improvement on Graph Traversal --- p.96 / Chapter 9.9 --- Comparison with Original Connection Method Algorithm --- p.97 / Chapter 9.10 --- Application of Connection Method to Schema Verification --- p.98 / Chapter 9.10.1 --- Express Constraint in Well Formed Formula --- p.98 / Chapter 9.10.2 --- Convert Formula into Negation Normal Form --- p.101 / Chapter 9.10.3 --- Verification --- p.101 / PART IV / Chapter 10 --- FURTHER DEVELOPMENT --- p.103 / Chapter 10.1 --- Intelligent Front-End --- p.103 / Chapter 10.2 --- On Connection Method --- p.104 / Chapter 10.3 --- Many-Sorted Calculus --- p.104 / Chapter 11 --- CONCLUSION --- p.107 / APPENDICES / Chapter A --- COMPARISON OF SEMANTIC DATA MODELS --- p.110 / Chapter B --- CONSTRUCTION OP OCCURRENCES --- p.111 / Chapter C --- SYNTAX OF DDL FOR THE SCHEMA --- p.113 / Chapter D --- SYNTAX OF SEMANTIC MANIPULATION LANGUAGE --- p.116 / Chapter E --- TESTING SCHEMA FOR FUND INVESTMENT DBMS --- p.118 / Chapter F --- TESTING SCHEMA FOR STOCK INVESTMENT DBMS --- p.121 / Chapter G --- CONNECTION METHOD --- p.124 / Chapter H --- COMPARISON BETWEEN RESOLUTION AND CONNECTION METHOD --- p.128 / REFERENCES --- p.132

The concept of Hopf-Galois extensions was introduced by S. Chase and M. Sweedler in 1969 and provides a generalisation of classical Galois theory. Later, Hopf-Galois theory for separable extensions of fields was studied by C. Greither and B. Pareigis. They showed how to recast the problem of classifying all Hopf-Galois structures on a finite separable extension of fields as a problem in group theory. Many major advances relating to the classification of Hopf-Galois structures were made by N. Byott, S. Carnahan, L. Childs, and T. Kohl. On the other hand, and seemingly unrelated to Hopf-Galois theory, in 1992 V. Drinfeld formulated a number of problems in quantum group theory. In particular, he suggested considering set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. Later, W. Rump introduced braces as a tool to study non-degenerate involutive set-theoretic solutions, and through the efforts of D. Bachiller, F. Ced'o, E. Jespers, and J. Okni'nski the classification of these solutions was reduced to that of braces. Recently, skew braces were introduced by L. Guarnieri and L. Vendramin in order to study the non-degenerate (not necessarily involutive) set-theoretic solutions. Additionally, a fruitful discovery, initially noticed by D. Bachiller, revealed a connection between Hopf-Galois theory and skew braces, which linked the classification of Hopf-Galois structures to that of skew braces. Currently, the classification of Hopf-Galois structures and skew braces of a given order remains among important topics of research. In this thesis, as our main results, we determine all Hopf-Galois structures on Galois extensions of fields of degree p^3, and at the same time we provide a complete classification of all skew braces of order p^3, for a prime number p. These findings hence offer applications to Galois module theory in number theory on the one hand, and to the study of the solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation in mathematical physics on the other hand.

This paper presents a static analysis of functionally graded single and sandwich beams by using an efficient 7DOFs quasi-3D hybrid type theory. The governing equations are derived by employing the principle of virtual works in a weak form and solved by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM). A C1 cubic Hermite interpolation is used for the vertical deflection variables while C0 linear interpolation is employed for the other kinematics variables. Convergence rates are studied in order to validate the finite element technique. Numerical results of the present formulation are compared with analytical and FEM solutions available in the literature. / Revisión por pares

This thesis examines orbifold versions of three results concerning the existence of canonical metrics in the Kahler setting. The first of these is Yau's solution to Calabi's conjecture, which demonstrates the existence of a Kahler metric with prescribed Ricci form on a compact Kahler manifold. The second is a variant of Yau's solution in a certain non-compact setting, namely, the setting in which the Kahler manifold is assumed to be asymptotic to a cone. The final result is one due to Uhlenbeck and Yau which asserts the existence of Kahler-Einstein metrics on stable vector bundles over compact Kahler manifolds.

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透過使用調和映射的Bochner技巧, Siu[15, 16]證明了對於複維數≥2 時不可約對稱域緊致商空間的複結構的強剛定理. 其後在[9]中, Mok 證明了在任何秩≥2 的不可約對稱域緊致商空間上, 所有具備非正全純雙截曲率的Hermitian 度量必然和典範度量相差一個常數因子. 由這個定理和Siu 的定理可以得出Mostow 剛性定理[14]在特殊情形下的推廣.本論文會對Mok的結果作出研究. / By using Bochner technique of harmonic maps, Siu[15, 16] proved a strong rigidity theorem concerning the complex structure of compact quotients of irreducible bounded symmetric domain of complex dimension≥ 2. Later in [9], Mok proved a metric rigidity theorem which asserts that any Hermitian metric of seminegative holomorphic bisectional curvature on a compact quotient of an irreducible bounded symmetric domain of rank≥ 2 is necessarily a constant multiple of the canonical metric. This theorem together with the theorem of Siu yields a generalization of a special case of Mostow's rigidity theorem[14]. This thesis is an exposition of Mok's results. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Li, Ka Fai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-104). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Symmetric Space --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Riemannian Symmetric Spaces --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Lie Groups and Lie Algebras --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- Riemannian Symmetric Spaces of Compact and Non-compact type --- p.11 / Chapter 2.4 --- Hermitian Symmetric Spaces --- p.16 / Chapter 2.5 --- Duality --- p.19 / Chapter 3 --- Some Embedding Theorems --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1 --- The Borel Embedding Theorem --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2 --- Root Space Decomposition and Root System --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Polydisc Theorem --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4 --- The Harish-Chandra Embedding Theorem --- p.36 / Chapter 4 --- Bounded Symmetric Domains --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1 --- Classical Bounded Symmetric Domains --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Bergman metric --- p.57 / Chapter 5 --- Projective and Characteristic Bundle --- p.65 / Chapter 5.1 --- Projectivization of Hermitian Vector Bundle --- p.65 / Chapter 5.2 --- Characteristic bundle --- p.69 / Chapter 6 --- The Hermitian Metric Rigidity Theorem --- p.83 / Chapter 7 --- Appendix --- p.100 / Bibliography --- p.102

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