published_or_final_version / Mathematics / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Transport Policy and Planning / Master / Master of Arts

1p. / Most of the "bad food" reported illnesses are due to bacterial contamination. Nearly all of these cases can be linked to improper food handling, both in our homes and in restaurants. This article briefly discusses the causes of food contamination and how to handle food safely.

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ISO 26262 is an international standard about functional safety published on 2011, aiming to avoid failure in safety related electrical and electronic systems in passenger cars. A corresponding standard for heavy vehicles is expected to be published in a few years’ time. In order to be well-prepared, the heavy vehicle manufacturer Scania decides to start investigating what impact ISO26262 can bring. At Scania, modularization is one of the most important features of the product, which means several modules can be combined together into a vehicle in a variety of ways, so that highly configurable products can be provided for the customer. Huge number of unique module combinations bring big challenges to systems integration testing department REST/I in Scania because of limited time and resource availability for testing. Nowadays, people in REST/I deal with the variant mainly based on human experience, which is quite difficult to obtain the exact complete variant information and concrete testing coverage. In order to fulfill the requirement related with variant handling in ISO26262, better variant handling methods are proposed in this thesis, which can mainly be divided into two parts: method for variant generating and method for configuration selecting. To simplify the implementation work of this thesis, only the ECU components are focused on (other components such as sensors are ignored), and the risk-based feature is not added to the configuration selecting. Variant generating is to generate variant information from Allocation Element Diagram in Sesamm database systematically. According to the generated variant information, the configuration can be selected automatically by using Greedy best-first-search algorithm based on the proposed testing coverage metrics. Since all these work can be done automatically by computer, REST/I not only can work more efficiently by saving a lot of labor resource, but also can avoid mistakes caused by anthropogenic factors. However, not all the data needed for the automation are existed today, so the suggestions for consummation of the data to be ready for implementing the proposed methods are also mentioned in this thesis.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Recommendations of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) provide a standard approach for implementing spacecraft packet telemetry and command interfaces. The Fast Auroral Snapshot (FAST) Small Explorer mission relies heavily on the CCSDS virtual channel and packetization concepts to achieve near real-time commanding and distribution of telemetry between separate space borne science and spacecraft processors and multiple ground stations. Use of the CCSDS recommendations allows the FAST mission to realize significant re-use of ground systems developed for the first Small Explorer mission, and also simplifies system interfaces and interactions between flight software developers, spacecraft integrators, and ground system operators.

Human Systems Integration Report / Low back pain (LBP) and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) can lead to employee absenteeism, sick leave, and permanent disability. Over the years, much work has been done in examining physical exposure to ergonomic risks. The current research presents a new approach for assessing WMSD risk during lifting related tasks that combines traditional observational methods with video recording methods. One particular application area, the Future Combat System Medical Evacuation Vehicle (FCS MV-E) mockup, was chosen to illustrate the use of a twodimensional motion capture system. Combat medics (MOS 91W) who perform casualty evacuation under stressful battlefield conditions may be at risk for musculoskeletal injuries, which would reduce their ability to perform their job. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the use of video motion technology for posture analysis of team lifting and loading tasks. The results contribute to a determination of whether combat medics are at risk for WMSD due to awkward postures involved in the evacuation of litter casualties. Based on lessons learned from the current study, recommendations are offered to guide further research in motion analysis of manual material handling tasks.

I takt med att tillverkande företag ökar sin försäljning ökar också produktionen. En ökad produktion kommer så småningom att kräva mer yta för en större maskinpark när de ordinarie maskinerna inte längre räcker till. Om produktion sker mot lager kommer kraven på lageryta samtidigt att öka. Både maskiner och lager tar plats och är företaget trångbodda redan innan expansionen och möjligheterna till utbyggnad inte är stora krävs alternativa lösningar på hur lokalerna kan utnyttjas på ett effektivare sätt. En sådan lösning kan vara AutoStore, ett tredimensionellt automatlager. Ett sådant lager kan underlätta optimering av lagerytan och är anpassningsbart då det kan implementeras i de flesta lokaler. Denna studie syftar till att besvara ett antal frågor som berör materialhanteringen vid byte av ett manuellt lagersystem till AutoStore. Studien har genomförts på ett fallföretag som planerar att implementera detta automatiska lagersystem. Problemfrågorna berör vilka artiklar som är lämpliga att lagerföra i AutoStore, i vilka kvantiteter de bör förpackas samt hur flytten från det gamla till det nya lagret ska genomföras utan att riskera leveranssäkerheten. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av litteratur för att få ett teoretiskt perspektiv samt intervjuer och studiebesök på såväl fallföretaget och på andra företag som redan har utfört en implementering av AutoStore för att få ett praktiskt perspektiv. De arbetsprocesser som berör materialhanteringen har beskrivits genom hur de fungerar både innan och efter en implementering för att kunna jämföra skillnader. Studien resulterade i beräkningsmodeller och matriser som ska underlätta valet av vart en artikel passar bäst, i ställage eller i AutoStore samt i vilka förpackningskvantiteter som är lämpliga för att underlätta plock. Vidare presenteras riktlinjer för vad som bör tänkas på vid en flytt till AutoStore. / As manufacturing companies increase their sales they also increasing their production. An increased production will eventually require more space area for a larger machinery as the regular machines no longer suffice. If production for stock is used, the demand for warehouse space will at the same time increase. Both machinery and storage require space and if the company is short on space even before the expansion and the potential for remodelling is low, this might require alternative solutions on how the space can be utilized in a better way. Such a solution can be AutoStore, a three-dimensional automated warehouse. Such a warehouse can facilitate a better use of the bearing surface and is adaptable as it can be implemented in most environments. This study aims to answer a number of questions relating to materials handling when changing from Manuel warehouse-system to AutoStore. The study was conducted on a case company planning to implement this kind of warehouse. The problem questions concern what items are suitable to store in AutoStore, in what quantities they should be packaged and how the switch from the old to the new warehouse could be implemented without jeopardizing security of supply. The study was conducted with the help of literature to get a theoretical perspective as well as interviews and visits on both the cases company and other companies that have already undergone an implementation of AutoStore to get a practical perspective. The work processes involving material handling described how they work both before and after an implementation of AutoStore to compare the differences. The study resulted in models and matrixes that will facilitate the choice of where an article is best suited, at racking storage or AutoStore and in what packaging quantities that are appropriate to facilitate picking. Furthermore, guidelines are presented for what should be thought of before switching to AutoStore.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology / Daniel U. Thomson / Beta-adrenergic agonists (βAA) are administered during the final weeks of the beef production system to improve efficiency and increase meat yield. Welfare concerns linked to the administration of βAA have garnered significant attention in recent years due to anecdotal reports of increased mortality during βAA feeding periods and cattle without obvious disease or injury having difficulty walking at abattoirs being overrepresented in cattle fed βAA. Thomson et al. (2015) reported 2 events where cattle were distressed, became non-responsive to handling, sloughed hoof walls and were euthanized while in lairage at the abattoir. Consistent blood abnormalities in euthanized cattle included elevated blood lactate (25.6 mmol/L; ref. range: < 4-5) and creatine kinase (CK; 6,890 U/L, ref. range: 159- 332). Although no causal relationship had been established, dialogues among groups of packers, animal scientists, and welfare experts implicating the βAA zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZIL; Zilmax®, Merck Animal Health, Desoto, KS) as one possible etiology resulted in a major beef packer announcing plans to stop accepting cattle fed ZIL. Consequently, Merck announced a self-imposed suspension of ZIL sales in U.S. and Canadian markets until further research could be conducted to investigate the manner. Utilization of technologies such as βAA are imperative to meeting the demands of a growing world population and verdicts regarding such technologies, including their impact on animal welfare, should be based on scientific merit. The first objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of shade on performance and animal well-being in cattle fed ZIL. The second objective was to characterize the clinical description and hematological profile of fatigued cattle presented to abattoirs. The third objective was to evaluate the effects of handling intensity during shipment for slaughter in cattle fed a βAA. The fourth objective was to evaluate the effects of βAA administration on performance and physiological response to different handling intensities during shipping for slaughter. Shade provision reduced open-mouth breathing and increased dry matter intake and dressing percentage. Fatigued cattle observed at abattoirs had increased respiratory rates and muscle tremors, although blood parameters were relatively normal compared to their cohorts. Metabolic acidosis, a precursor for Fatigued Cattle Syndrome, was observed in cattle exposed to aggressive handling regardless of βAA status. This research confirms the improved growth performance of cattle fed βAA and highlights the improvement of animal welfare through shade provision and low-stress handling in heavy-weight feedlot cattle.