Ce m??moire s???int??resse ?? l?????mergence du groupe autochtone Mal??cite entre 1600 et 1750. L???hypoth??se d??fendue soutient que les Mal??cites sont apparus suite ?? des regroupements intertribaux forc??s par le choc microbien, les guerres coloniales et les modifications ??conomiques, culturelles et socio-politiques induites par la colonisation. Ce m??moire part d???un ?? probl??me d???identit?? ?? souvent relev?? chez les Mal??cites et tente d?????claircir leur provenance r??elle, ?? l???aide d???une relecture des sources sous l???angle du concept d???ethnogen??se intra-am??rindienne, ouvrant ainsi la voie ?? un aspect m??connu et inusit?? de l???histoire autochtone, ?? savoir les cons??quences internes et identitaires de cette formidable rencontre que fut le contact.

International trade in exotic pets is an important and increasing driver of biodiversity loss. The African grey parrot has been noted as one of man's friendliest pets with popularity attributed to its intelligence, cognitive and communicative abilities. Worldwide, the African Grey Parrot is the third most commonly traded wild bird species. The subject of this thesis is an evaluation of international trade in the gray parrot (\kur{Psittacus erithacus}), covered by CITES convention to Appendix II, between European Union and third countries, according CITES Trade Database and EC Annual Report 2004 in 1994-2013. The trade has been divided into export and import, by the two existing subspecies, and within these categories were evaluated main countries of export and import, source and purpose of the trade. It was found, that the trend of import of live specimens to EU during the period 1994-2005 was increasing, although the trend between 2006-2013 was declining. The trend of export of live specimens was slightly increasing for the period 1994-2001 and 2006-2013.

Excessive exploitation of natural resources and devastation of wild nature leads to drastic biodiversity decline. Macaws are endangered by trade for their beautiful colourful feathers, ability to learn to talk and become great companion parrot. Eight of the sixteen species of macaws are classified as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered and all populations of macaws are decreasing. Species Cyanopsitta spixii is extinct in wild nature. Aims of my thesis are evaluation of world trade with species of Arini tribe, according to the temporal aspect, country of export, country of import and for individual species. In the second part of thesis are complete information about biology and biogeography of macaw species, their occurrence in nature and breading in captivity. The first analysis of trade with macaw's species provides statements about export and import countries, most traded species and commodities, source of the specimens and purpose of the transaction. Results of analysis shows, that in during period 1981 - 2013 was traded with 260 476 specimens. The most traded species were Ara ararauna, Ara chloroptera and Diopsittaca nobilis. Countries with highest export were Guyana, Bolivia and South Africa and country with highest import was The United States of America.

The thesis is focused on international business with wild animals and especially on the factors influencing prices on the market and public opinion about this issues This document is divided in to two parts, theoretical literature research and practical implications. The theoretical research of the thesis is mainly about characterizing economical terminology concerning specific market, firm, and competition. It explains basic concepts relevant for the given topic. The largest part of this chapter is description of the declaration CITES, which is the basic regulatory power in business with wild animals. The practical part of the thesis describes the factors influencing prices of this specific commodity on given markets. For easier understanding of market' s complexity and character of the market, entry barriers are being described. Next there are four countries being compared according to economical parameters and five specific animals on which the differences in prices, for import and export, are demonstrated. Thanks to the inside information there are tables describing the most important factors influencing the prices on the market. Provided data is used to derive conclusions of this part of thesis. In the second half of there is the questionnaire aimed at the general public opinion about the breeding exotic animals. The survey results are compared with expert opinion in the sector, then he creates recommendations on possible changes to the system

Thesis topic is "Problem of CITES in the Czech Republic." It´s main objective is to identify the "Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora" (CITES) and in case of deficiencies, propose measures to eliminate them. The work consists of two parts - a literature review and a practical part. The literature search involves the formation, functioning, organization and legislation Convention, defines the specimens on which the Convention applies, and which may include attachments. Finally, focusing on the illegal trade of endangered species. The practical part defines the principal organs, which are in the Czech Republic operate in ensuring compliance with the Convention. Instantiates a specimen important for the Czech Republic, how they should be handled, register them and hold. Finally, the course focuses on the most important cases and controls found in the Czech Republic. In the end the results are evaluated and suggested various recommendations to improve.

This thesis deals with international trade in species of parrots covered by CITES convention between European Union and third countries. The trade has been done for 2004-2010, EU annual reports were used as a basic source. Import and export data has been assessed separately. Numbers of traded specimens have been evaluated for both of these two categories. Main countries of import and export, source and purpose of trade were also identified. Subsequently, trends have been statisticaly analysed. It was found, that the trend of import of parrots specimens to EU during that period was declining, although the trend between 2006-2010 was slightly increasing. The trend of export of specimens was increasing.

Unsustainable international wildlife trade together with destruction and pollution of wild nature and spread of the invasive species, has long been recognised as a major threat to biodiversity. The subject of this thesis is an evaluation of international trade with some groups of mammals (Great apes and Rhinos) covered by CITES convention between European Union and third countries according EU Annual Reports in 2000 ? 2009. The trade has been divided into export and import and within these categories were evaluated main traded species, types of specimens, exporter and importer, source and purpose of the trade. It was found the trends of Great apes export and import increased, trend of Rhinos export decreased, the trend of Rhinos import increased over this period.

The South African wildlife tourism industry is based on trophy hunting and together with international wildlife trade it can represent a major treat to biodiversity conservation. Annually, thousands of hunters participate in hunting activities in South Africa and thousands of trophy items are traded across international borders. This research is a result of comprehensive quantitative analysis in how far data of trophy hunting kills and data of trophy export are consistent on the example of South Africa. Data were extracted from 2 different sources: trade data reported under the CITES Trade Database on export of trophy items from South Africa within the year 2018; South African Professional Hunting statistics (SAPHs) containing trophy kills information for each species and the country of origin of the hunter. In the year 2018, a total of 3,126 hunting trophy items of 28 endangered taxa were exported out of South Africa to 37 countries that contributed to trophy hunting trade in South Africa. However, 64 countries participated in trophy hunting of endangered taxa in South Africa and a total of 4,726 trophy kills of 28 trophy-hunted endangered taxa were reported. Therefore, the level of inconsistence in data of trophy hunting kills and data of trophy hunting export is significant and differs to varying degrees across the countries contributing to trophy hunting and CITES-listed trophy-hunted species. This research provides possible reasons for the inconsistency and propose recommendations for improving the CITES reporting system. / <p>2020-06-10</p>

Wildlife trade is a significant factor affecting situation of some species in the wild. Especially its illegal part, which is also very profitable similarly as arms trade and drugs trade, may be fatal for some species. Today, birds of prey are one of the most often traded groups of birds in the world and falconry is the main driving force of this trade. Although development of methods of captive breeding of birds of prey was an important turning point for their protection, it was not able to fully suppress taking them from the wild. Until recently, the European market was a large consumer of imported birds but European Union policy makes imports, especially for wild birds, more and more difficult. Thus it supports another aspect which is historically rooted in this area, namely breeding. A keeping and captive breeding of birds of prey is increasing in Europe and it takes part in global market. The goal of this thesis was to analyse content and volume of the trade with live specimens of birds of prey within EU for period 2000-2017. In addition to the EU as a whole, data for the Czech Republic were also processed. The EU has proven to be an important exporter with an upward trend, whereas imports have been restricted, especially since 2006, and still decrease. In general, the most traded birds are hybrid falcons and also a Gyrfalcon which is determined by Middle East demand. Although there are almost only captive birds in European export, there still are wild birds in some imports, especially vultures from Guinea. The Czech Republic copies European trends more or less. It seems that there is more birds of Accipitriformes order in the intra-European trade than in the trade with third countries. It emerged that European legislations can have a significant impact on the trade, even in global terms. An unpleasant finding was that used sources (especially the CITES database) have to be taken with discretion because they contain many mistakes and inconsistencies which may dramatically affect the results.

This study attempts to understand how domestic CITES policies are translated into action and what effect actions and processes have on compliance. In doing so, this study provides insight into the implementation and enforcement pitfalls of national legislation that explain CITES violations in Nepal. Primarily, I used key informants interviews to learn opinions of experts, and the grounded theory approach for further qualitative data analysis. In addition, I used Najman’s (1995) policy implementation analysis framework to explain gaps. Many interrelated variables in the content of the policy, commitment and capacity of the agencies, the roles of clients and coalitions and contextual issues were observed. Variables that emerged suggest pitfalls in the regulatory policy represented by low probability of detection, arrest and punishment. Moreover, redistributive policies in buffer zones of protected areas are needed into perpetuity to benefit locals. Also, conservation organizations’ support for building public and political salience is imperative.