The thesis followed up language of preschool children,that come from sociallly and culturallly disadvantaged environment. The aim of thesis was to describe language of socially and culturally handicapped preschoolers, specially the aspects of syntax, morphology, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Further to describe language of preschool children without the handicap. Thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part researched children language development. It describes some of linguistic and sociolinguistic theories, follows up the development of specific linguistic aspects in preschool age and characterizes speech disorders. Thesis is also contains a description of social and cultural handicap, characterizes groups of social and cultural handicapped children and reviews of legislative documents about social and cultural handicap. Third chapter focuses on Roman minority language specifics. There is description of Roman language, Romany ethnolect of Czech language and some of communication specifics which are based on cultural differences. Practical part is description of qualitative research on language of preschool children. It is a multiple case study, which specifically describes language and speech of six socially and culturally handicapped children and six preschool...

The diploma deals with an analytic evaluation of The European Court of Human Rights adjudication in the matter of D.H. and others versus the Czech Republic. The aim is to ascertain how this verdict has influenced school legislation and the educational practice. The research focuses on discovering whether the Czech Republic has been fulfilling the obligations established by the European Court, and mapping the consequences of the verdict on the practices of the involved parties, which are practical schools, school consultency facilities and the Czech School Inspectorate. The result is a comprehensive description of the steps which the government has made towards eliminating discrimination of Romany pupils in the education system. Based on the foundings, it can be stated that in the upcoming future there should not be any occurences of discrimination of pupils being put to practical schools.

Cette thèse aborde les représentations sociales du handicap et surtout de l’inclusion scolaire des enfants et adolescents en situation de handicap chez les enseignants. En effet, c’est à partir des représentations sociales et des pratiques qu’elles génèrent que l’inclusion scolaire est analysée. Mieux, l’analyse de l’inclusion scolaire est réalisée à travers le discours et les pratiques des enseignants. La recherche est menée au sein de douze écoles dont dix situées à Rome et deux à Cagliari dans la région de Sardaigne. Toutes ces écoles accueillent des élèves en situation de handicap et cherchent au mieux à respecter la singularité irréductible de chaque élève. Le recours à une triangulation des techniques de collecte des données (questionnaire, guide d’entretien, focus groupe et observation directe) a permis de saisir l’influence des représentations sociales sur les pratiques éducatives et les comportements individuels et collectives dans le sens de l’inclusion scolaire. L’investigation empirique réalisée établit une corrélation entre l’univers de la pensée (représentations sociales) et l’univers de l’action (pratiques éducatives). La perception que les enseignants se font du handicap et de l’inclusion scolaire a favorisé la mise en œuvre concrète de pratiques pédagogiques prenant en compte les besoins éducatifs spécifiques des élèves en situation de handicap. L’accueil et la prise en compte du handicap à l’école résultent d’une mutation tant dans le domaine des idées que celui de l’organisation et de la pratique pédagogique. Outre l’étude de l’inclusion scolaire à travers le dire et le faire des enseignants, nous avons aussi cherché à comprendre les rapports existants entre les acteurs impliqués dans la réalisation du projet d’inclusion. L’examen discursif et les observations de terrain révèlent que la collaboration entre enseignants, voire entre intervenants en inclusion reste encore un chantier de travail. En dépit des contradictions et des ambivalences observables, l’inclusion est considérée comme une plus-value pour tous et les enseignants interrogés sont bien acquis à sa cause. / This thesis deals with social representations of disability and mainly with school inclusion of children and teenagers living with disabilities in teachers’ practices. In fact, it is important to notice that this school inclusion is analysed from the social representations and the practices they bring about. Better, the analysis of school inclusion is made via the discourse and practices of teachers.The survey is conducted in twelve schools, ten of them located in Rome and the two others in Cagliari in the region of Sardinia. All these schools host students living with handicap and they seek to do their best to observe every student’s irreducible singularity. A resort to a triangulation of the techniques of data collection(questionnaire, interview guide, group focus and direct observation ) has been of great importance to us in grasping the true influence of social representations about the educational practices and the behaviours, individual as well as collective in the sense of school inclusion. This achieved empiric investigation establishes a link between the universe and the thought(social representations) in one hand, and the universe and the action(educational practices) on the other hand. The perception teachers make about handicap and school inclusion has engendered the concrete setting of pedagogic practices which take into account the specific educational needs of students living with disabilities. The welcome and way of dealing with disability at school result from a transformation both in the field of ideas and the organization of the pedagogic practice.Above the study of school inclusion via what teachers do and say, we have also tried to understand the existing links between the actors taking part in the realization of the project of inclusion. The discursive examination and the observations on the ground unveil that the collaboration between teachers , even between the different participants on the field of inclusion still requires a lot of doing. Despite the contradictions and ambivalences noticeable, inclusion is considered as a profit to all and the teachers interviewed are completely behind it.

Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche méthodologique et algorithmique pour la reconnaissance visuelle d'intentions, basée sur la rotation et le mouvement vertical de la tête et de la main. Le contexte dans lequel cette solution s'inscrit est celui d'une personne handicapée, dont la mobilité est assurée par un fauteuil roulant. Le système proposé constitue une alternative intéressante aux interfaces classiques de type manette, boutons pneumatiques, etc. La séquence vidéo, composée de 10 images, est traitée en utilisant différentes méthodes pour construire ce qui dans cette thèse est désigné par « courbe d'intention ». Une base de règles est également proposée pour classifier chaque courbe d'intention. Pour la reconnaissance basée sur les mouvements de la tête, une approche utilisant la symétrie du visage est proposée pour estimer la direction désirée à partir de la rotation de la tête. Une Analyse en Composantes Principales (ACP) est utilisée pour détecter l'intention de varier la vitesse de déplacement du fauteuil roulant, à partir du mouvement vertical de la tête. Pour la reconnaissance de la direction basée sur la rotation de la main, une approche utilisant à la fois la symétrie verticale de la main et un algorithme d'apprentissage (réseaux neuronaux, machines à vecteurs supports ou k-means), permet d’obtenir les courbes d'intentions exploitées par la suite pour la détection de la direction désirée. Une autre approche, s’appuyant sur l'appariement de gabarits de la région contenant les doigts, est également proposée. Pour la reconnaissance de la vitesse variable basée sur le mouvement vertical de la main, deux approches sont proposées. La première utilise également l'appariement de gabarits de la région contenant les doigts, et la deuxième se base sur un masque en forme d'ellipse, pour déterminer la position verticale de la main. Les résultats obtenus montrent de bonnes performances en termes de classification aussi bien des positions individuelles dans chaque image, que des courbes d'intentions. L’approche de reconnaissance visuelle d’intentions proposée produit dans la très grande majorité des cas un meilleur taux de reconnaissance que la plupart des méthodes proposées dans la littérature. Par ailleurs, cette étude montre également que la tête et la main en rotation et en mouvement vertical constituent des indicateurs d'intention appropriés / In this thesis, a methodological and algorithmic approach is proposed, for visual intention recognition based on the rotation and the vertical motion of the head and the hand. The context for which this solution is intended is that of people with disabilities whose mobility is made possible by a wheelchair. The proposed system is an interesting alternative to classical interfaces such as joysticks and pneumatic switches. The video sequence comprising 10 frames is processed using different methods leading to the construction of what is referred to in this thesis as an “intention curve”. A decision rule is proposed to subsequently classify each intention curve. For recognition based on head motions, a symmetry-based approach is proposed to estimate the direction intent indicated by a rotation and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to classify speed variation intents of the wheelchair indicated by a vertical motion. For recognition of the desired direction based on the rotation of the hand, an approach utilizing both a vertical symmetry-based approach and a machine learning algorithm (a neural network, a support vector machine or k-means clustering) results in a set of two intention curves subsequently used to detect the direction intent. Another approach based on the template matching of the finger region is also proposed. For recognition of the desired speed variation based on the vertical motion of the hand, two approaches are proposed. The first is also based on the template matching of the finger region, and the second is based on a mask in the shape of an ellipse used to estimate the vertical position of the hand. The results obtained display good performance in terms of classification both for single pose in each frame and for intention curves. The proposed visual intention recognition approach yields in the majority of cases a better recognition rate than most of the methods proposed in the literature. Moreover, this study shows that the head and the hand in rotation and in vertical motion are viable intent indicators

L'accessibilité des musées hongrois aux personnes en situation de handicap, entendue au sens large, c'est-à-dire l'accessibilité du cadre bâti, l'accès à l'information, à la communication, l'accès à l'offre culturelle et aux pratiques artistiques, constitue aujourd'hui non seulement une obligation légale mais surtout une opportunité d'élargissement des publics. Grâce à une politique volontariste d'accueil des publics en situation de handicap dans les musées et à une adaptation spécifique du cadre bâti, des supports d'informations et de communication, des prestations et animations culturelles ou encore des outils et supports pédagogiques grâce aux innovations technologiques en perpétuelle innovation, il est possible de prendre en compte tous les types de visiteurs en situation de handicap dans les musées et de leur faire bénéficier de services et d'offres adaptés à leurs attentes et à leurs besoins. Pour autant, dans la pratique, la réalité sur le terrain hongrois n'est pas toujours si évidente, les rapports entre les personnes en situation de handicap et les musées hongrois étant un fait relativement récent. Pour aborder ce sujet, trois musées nationaux de Budapest ont été choisis par rapport à leurs critères particuliers en tant qu'études de cas afin d'analyser la situation de l'accessibilité et de mettre en place dans ces musées des projets de mise en accessibilité pour l'accueil des publics en situation de handicap. Les conclusions issues de la mise en place de ces divers projets développés dans ces trois musées permettent de dresser des recommandations, des préconisations et des pistes d'actions destinées plus particulièrement aux professionnels des musées. / The accessibility of the Hungarian museums for people with disabilities - i.e. in a broader sense accessibility of the building, access to information and communication and access to cultural and artistic practices - represents today not only a legal obligation but actually a substantial contribution to the enlargement of the public. Thanks to the voluntarist politics in the museums regarding services of handicapped people, thanks to the special adjustment of the buildings, to the information and communication appliences, to the cultural services and even to the pedagogical means and methods in a constant technological development and innovation, it is possible to take into consideration all types of visitors with disabilities and to provide them with services adjusted to their expectations and needs. Nevertheless in practice this is not always so obvious in Hungary, the dialogue between handicapped people and the Hungarian museums started just recently. In order to investigate this subject matter, three national museums have been selected in Budapest to be examined in a case study. The aim was to see and analyse their conditions of accessibility and implement the projects related to accesibility and to the actions how to welcome a public with disabilities. The conclusions drawn from the different projects developped in these three museums make it possible to set up recommendations and suggestions and to propose action plans particularly to the professionals working in the museums.

This dissertation focuses on the importance of specialist pedagogical centers in educating mentally handicapped children. In the theoretical part the importance of specialist pedagogical centers in educating mentally handicapped children is arranged through the listing and description of their activities. At the same time this part also describes current possibilities for educating mentally handicapped children in the Czech Republic and explains the basic terminology related to this issue. The empiric part of the dissertation (the empiric survey) follows the importance of specialist pedagogical centers from the point of view of parents with mentally handicapped children in respect to how they perceive the impact of the intervention of the specialist pedagogical center in Ústí nad Labem on selected categories in educating mentally handicapped children. The view of the importance of specialist pedagogical centers in educating mentally handicapped children is completed at the end of this dissertation by cases interpretation of three clients of the specialist pedagogical center in Ústí nad Labem, which presents practical activities of specialist pedagogical centers in different phases of cooperation with mentally handicapped children and their families.

This diploma thesis approaches the development of an idea that mentally challenged pupils form about their future employment and introduces aspects that are involved in such process. This is applied to all ages of students with mild mental disability who attend the Primary Special School in Chabařovice. Another goal is to cover the level and the rate of success of pre-vocational training at this school. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of the term mental retardation, etiology and classification of mental disability, education of students with mild mental disabilities, their training and application of these young people with such handicap on the labor market. The empirical research focuses on the development of ideas of these children about their future professional career and highlights the aspects that affect the development during their school years.

Title: Racing of physically disabled sailors on 2,4 mR class Object of the work: Compare control of a ship by two physically disabled individuals who are able to perform circuit racing sailing on 2.4mRclass. Methods: Case study of sailing of physically disabled on ship 2.4mR class. Results: The results show that sailing of physically disabled is much more demanding sport than other sports for the disabled. Further, they show what individual handicaps complications bring and subsequent overcoming of these obstacles. Finally, these results may help to improve conditions in various clubs, to build wheelchair access, technical solutions of boats or in general the expansion of this sport for the disabled. Keywords: handicap, sailing, technique, training, race, analysis

Social protection of persons with disabilities My thesis treats social protection of persons with disabilities. The purpose of the thesis is to analyse the Czech and French legislation in the field of social security of person with disabilities. The thesis is composed of four sections. The first section which is divided into two chapters is dedicated to generalities - the first chapter gives a theoretic definition of the handicap and persons with disabilities. The second chapter investigates the protection of person with disabilities from the point of view of the international law and European Union's law that represent the foundation of the Czech and French legal system. The second section which is divided into five chapters analyses the Czech legal order. The third chapter provides an outline of Czech legal definition of relevant terms. The next chapter describes assessment of health, which is provided by Medical Assessment Service. The fifth chapter treats social insurance's and state social support's security benefits. The sixth chapter look at security benefits which are provided by the social assistance system. It consists of three subchapters where the first one treats the care allowance, the procedure and social services. The next subchapter described the mobility allowance, the allowance...

Le monde du cirque contemporain, qui a émergé en France à la fin des années 70, et qui a toujours entretenu une certaine marginalité, révèle les rapports ambivalents qu'entretient notre société à l'égard du handicap. Nous avons adopté une approche relationniste du handicap pour réaliser une étude exploratoire quantitative, puis une étude qualitative de onze associations circassiennes. Nous avons mis à jour quatre types de rapports à la différence : certaines associations organisent un Regroupement et Mise à distance des différences, qui sépare les personnes qui ont des limitations de capacités intellectuelles des autres pratiquants, par la création d'un véritable secteur de cirque spécialisé; une majorité d'associations accepte également la participation de personnes qui ont peu d'incapacités dans des pratiques de cirque normalisées, par un processus d'assimilation, traduisant une hiérarchisation des comportements; dans certaines associations professionnelles, quelques artistes aux corps hors-normes sont mis en avant, par leurs différences corporelles créatives; seule une des associations étudiées propose une forme originale de participation, acceptant des personnes ayant tous types de capacités et incapacités pour des pratiques inclusives, révélant une mixité créative. Le cirque contemporain a ainsi mis en place un secteur spécialisé, qui reproduit le détour ségrégatif organisé par les secteurs médico-sociaux et psychiatriques. Il propose un simulacre d'intégration hors du monde du handicap, tout en instituant une mise à distance de la différence. Cette participation au processus de ségrégation est masquée par la mise en avant d'artistes ayant des incapacités motrices et l'utilisation créative de leurs différences corporelles, à condition qu'ils démontrent un contrôle exceptionnel du corps. Une unique association combine l'organisation de pratiques inclusives et le rejet affirmé de sa propre institutionnalisation. Pour les autres, ni le statut associatif, ni la posture de marginalité, ne produisent des formes originales de participation pour les personnes ayant des limitations de capacités. On assiste à une polarisation du rapport à la norme, la marginalité « négative » des personnes « handicapées » – au sens d'un manque de contrôle des comportements – est encadrée par une prise en charge globale alors que la marginalité« positive » des différences corporelles est encadrée comme une œuvre, par une mise en piste spectaculaire, symbole de la marginalité renouvelée du cirque contemporain. / The contemporary circus emerged in France during the late 70s and so far it has taken up a marginal position. Itsframework reveals the ambivalent relationship between society and disability.A research approach in which disability is the result of interaction between individuals and their environments wasadopted. We conducted a wide angle quantitative study about circus associations throughout France, followed by aqualitative study centered on eleven circus associations. We established four relationship patterns with respect todissimilarities: some associations organize a Clustering and segregation, that separates people with intellectual disabilitiesfrom other participants, with the creation of a specialized circus programs; a majority of associations also accepts theparticipation of people who carries low impact disabilities in normalized circus practices, by a process of assimilation,reflecting a Behavioral prioritization ; in associations that regroup professional performers, few artists with unconventionalbody types are emphasized by their Creative corporal dissimilarity ; only one among all organizations studied offers anoriginal pattern of participation, where people with all types of abilities and disabilities are united in inclusive practices, bythe virtue of a creative mosaic.Contemporary circus has established specialized programs that reproduce the segregation utilized in the medicosocialand psychiatric sectors. It proposes a simulated integration aimed to the world outside of the disability, whileestablishing a distancing of the difference. Recurrent highlighting of artists with physical disabilities that creatively usestheir corporal differences and demonstrates exceptional body control masks this participation in the process of segregation.A single organization combines inclusive practices and affirmatively rejects its own institutionalization. For others,neither association status nor the posture of marginality produces original forms of participation for people withdisabilities.Norm is polarized: “Negative” marginality of the “disabled” – those that have a lack of behavioral control – isframed by a global care, while the “positive” marginality of corporal differences is framed as a fine art piece by spectacularstaging, the symbol of the renewed marginality of the contemporary circus.