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The Mexican Embassy has an internship program for those ones who want to work and learn more about the political and commercial relations between Mexico and the United States. Inside the Embassy there is the Commerce and NAFTA Office, where the NAFTA Desk is located. / In the NAFTA Desk, I worked as a consultant giving information about Trade and Commerce under the NAFTA Trade. As I worked in this office, I could see some problems that this office have with their interns at the beginning. This problem was an introductory course where the interns get the knowledge to all the information and way of working of the office. / For this problem, I propose an introductory course for them, making easy their entrance and way of work at the NAFTA Desk. This introduction course is based on a PowerPoint presentation given by a person of the NAFTA Office, which has the knowledge of the Office. This is a two day period course, providing to the interns the tools that they need to start working and having the best experience at the Mexican Embassy in Washington, DC.

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This project gives an approach of what constitutes the culture and the reasons why international firms, by trying to conquer foreign markets, have to consider it for doing advertising. A literature review and an observation were made in this thesis and the goal is to find out if the culture really matters when doing advertising in a foreign country. This is taking into account Hofstede��s dimensions and other factors like traditions, values and language. In this particularly case observation was made by analysis of advertisements in Mexico and in Germany. At the end of the research it is find that Hofstede��s cultural dimensions can be also reflected in the commercials. Nevertheless, Individualism and Masculinity are the two mainly dimensions that were observed in the TV spots analyzed. Therefore, Hofstede��s dimensions can be very helpful as a basis when an International marketer wants to expand their products and reach markets in other countries..

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PSI-N is one of the subunits in eukaryotic Photosystem I (PSI) and is located on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane. It is known to interact in the electron transport chain between plastocyanin and PSI, but the mechanism behind the interaction is still unclear. To achieve a better understanding of PSI-N´s role in the photosynthesis it is necessary to develop a method for purification of PSI-N. The goal with this project was to design a plasmid that encodes a fusion protein containing PSI-N. With use of proteases the fusion protein can be cleaved into purified PSI-N. The initial material was cDNA, encoding PsaN from Arabidopsis thaliana, this was cloned into a pET32a Xa/LIC vector (from Novagen). The vector was then transformed into a Escherichia coli (E. coli) host. Finally the fusion protein was expressed and successfully isolated. PSI-N är en av subenheterna i Photosystem I (PSI) hos eukaryoter och är lokaliserad på lumensidan av thylakoidmembranet. Det är klargjort att PSI-N på något sätt interagerar i elektron-transportkedjan mellan plastocyanin och PSI, men mekanismen bakom interaktionen är fortfarande okänd. För att förstå på vilket sätt PSI-N medverkar i fotosyntesen krävs en metod för att renframställa PSI-N i större mängd. Målet med det här projektet var att konstruera en plasmid som kodar för ett fusionsprotein innehållande PSI-N. Fusionsproteinet kan sedan klyvas av ett proteas, så att man får fram rent PSI-N. En cDNA kodande för PsaN från Arabidopsis thaliana klonades i vektorn pET32a Xa/LIC (från Novagen), och konstruktionen transformerades in i en Escherichia coli (E. coli) värd. Fusionsproteinet uttrycktes samt isolerades slutligen med lyckat resultat.

Polarized hyphal growth dominates the life cycle of filamentous fungi and is essential to disease progression for many fungal pathogens. Despite its importance, much of the basic biology controlling the process remains to be elucidated. Protein Nmyristoylation is one process important to hyphal growth for which the direct mechanism for this connection is not understood. N-myristoylation is mediated by Nmyristoyltransferase (NMT), which links 14-carbon myristate to target proteins. In Aspergillus nidulans, a mutation in the NMT gene (swoF1) results in abnormal morphogenesis during spore germination and the establishment of hyphal polarity. I hypothesize that a protein or proteins downstream of NMT are important for polarized hyphal growth. Using a forward genetic approach, I obtained six suppressors of swoF1. I found that three were proteasome-related and a mutation in genes encoding 26S proteasome subunits by-passed the polarity defects of swoF1. Interestingly, N-myristoylation negatively regulated the activity of the 26S proteasome. This result was confirmed by treating with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. This is the first finding of a connection between N-myristoylation and proteasome function during polarized growth. To identify targets by reverse genetic analysis, I found that 41 proteins (of more that 10,000 encoded by the organism) were predicted to be myristoylated in silico. Three were ADP ribosylation factors (ARF), proteins known to be involved in vesicle formation and trafficking in other systems. I chose ArfA (AN1126.3), ArfB (AN5020.3), and ArlA (AN5912.3) for further characterization of polarization in this study. ArfA::GFP discretely localized to endomembrane likely to be Golgi bodies. ArfB::GFP localized to septa and plasma membrane. N-myristoylation determined the localization of both ArfA and ArfB. Disruption of the arfB gene resulted in loss of polarity establishment and endocytosis. Together these results suggest that endocytosis plays an important role in maintaining hyphal polarized growth and in shaping the cell apex.

In this work, argon, hydrogen and methane are used as gas sources and nitrogen is used as the doping source. Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and two-steps deposition processes have been applied to grow the nitrogen-doped diamond thin film on n-type (111) silicon substrate. Systematical experiments are performed to study the dependence of grown process on working pressure, temperature, microwave power, DC bias, the duration of growth time and the flow rates of gas mixture of argon, methane and nitrogen. The nitrogen-doped diamond thin films are examined by SEM, XRD, Raman and I-V. Raman spectroscopy is the most efficient tool for analyzes the quality of diamond thin films growth. The results show that a positive DC bias can enhance the doping concentration and the qualities of diamond thin films. Form the analyzing results, nitrogen is doped in the sp2 structural grain boundaries of crystallites. The longer diamond thin film grown is, the crystallites become larger and the grain boundaries become smaller, that leads to the larger resistivity of the thin films.