ABSTRACT As MOSFET getting smaller, its silicon dioxide reaches physical limit. To continue its insulation and reasonable interface defects density, now, SiOxNy is the replace material to fill the transition term between SiO2 to high-k material. SiOxNy is made from silicon dioxide and silicon nitride in different scale. Due to the uncompleted of bonding, the device¡¦s reliability is dependent on defects. The discussion about defects will help us to change the growth conditions in process and avoid to produce these defects. We use PL and Raman spectrum to study the defects in SiOxNy and compare them under different process conditions especially on the change of defects. PL result on 6.2 nm film have a peak at 390 nm, and 40 nm film have peak at 535 nm. This mean that under these two process conditions the defect correspond to 3.18 eV is . The defect correspond to 2.37 eV is . In this thesis, we report formulations of how to calculate the parameters of MOS structure, using SiON/p-Si MOS structure as calculated sample. The carrier concentration were calculated and compared with the Hall results. The flat band voltage and threshold voltage were calculated and compared with measured C-V curves.

Academisch proefschrift-Leiden. / "Lijst van geraadpleegde werken": p. 146-149.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1988.

Since the first attribution of Shakespeare as the author of the anonymous Edward III (1596) in 1656, the play has occupied a shifting status in the canon. Over the past twenty years renewed critical interest in questions of the canonicity of Edward III has led to a wider acceptance of Shakespeare's involvement with the play.This study reviews the canonical problems raised by Edward III and reappraises the play as a dramatic text. Chapter One concentrates on issues of the play's publication, dating, and authorship. Chapter Two examines how the playwright uses literary and chronicle sources to present celebratory images of Edward III and of his son the Black Prince. Chapter Three analyzes the "ancestral influence" of the figures of Edward III and the Black Prince on the titular hero of Shakespeare's Henry V. The Chapter directs attention to Edward III as a pre-text for Henry V. The Conclusion summarizes the study and indicates future lines of inquiry.

Besides collagen, elastin is the most common connective tissue structural protein in vertebrates and similar to collagen relatively resistant to non-specific degradation. Typical elastolytic proteases are the serine-dependent pancreatic and leukocyte elastases, the Zn-dependent matrix metalloproteinase 12, and several lysosomal cysteine proteases. Among the cysteine cathepsins, cathepsins S, K and V are highly potent elastases with cathepsin V displaying the highest activity among all known mammalian elastases. Despite a shared amino acid sequence identity of over 80% between cathepsins V and L and very similar subsite specificities, only cathepsin V has a potent elastase activity whereas cathepsin L lacks it. A series of chimera mutants containing various proportions of cathepsin V and cathepsin L were constructed in an attempt to define a specific region needed for elastin degradation. It was found that retaining the peptide sequence region from amino acids 89 to 119 of cathepsin V preserves the mutant’s elastolytic activity against elastin-Rhodamine conjugates whereas the region FTVVAPGK (amino acids 112-119) contributes approximately 60% of activity retention. Several additional mutant proteins involving mutual swapping of residues VDIPK (amino acids 113-117) of cathepsin L with residues TVVAPGK (amino acids 113-119) of cathepsin V, deletion of Glyl 18 from cathepsin V, and insertion of Gly between Prol 16 and Lysi 17 in cathepsin L were constructed and evaluated for their elastolytic activities. The results obtained with those mutant cathepsin proteins support the importance of the amino acid region spanning the residues from 112 to 119 in cathepsin V. Based on the 3-D structure of cathepsin V, this peptide region is located below subsite binding pocket S2 and forms a wall-like barrier which may act as an exosite for the productive binding of cross-linked elastin.

No description available.

Aboriginal rights are rooted in the historical relationship between the Indigenous peoples of Canada and the Crown and attempt to reconcile the prior occupation of lands by the Aboriginal peoples with claims of Crown Sovereignty. Treaty rights, on the other hand, owe their existence to a series of consensual agreements between the signatories and represent an ongoing relationship between the parties. Treaties represent an integral part of the early Indigenous-European relationship, initially offering peace and friendship and later a vehicle through which the Europeans could acquire lands from the Aboriginal peoples for settlement. In the seminal decision R. v. Sparrow, the Supreme Court of Canada for the first time attempted to address the scope and content of these constitutionally protected Aboriginal rights. The court concluded that Aboriginal rights existed at common law and that these common law rights, whatever they may be, received constitutional protection by virtue of s. 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982. Thus, any legislative enactment designed to infringe on these rights must meet constitutional standards for justification. Despite strict limitations on infringement, in the period following Sparrow, the Court has watered down the effects of this decision by diluting the legislative intent portion of the test to such a degree that it risks becoming a non-factor in the justification process. In this paper, I contend that the use of the Sparrow test, particularly as that test has been interpreted by the Court in the period following Sparrow is flawed, and to use this test as a tool for determining when constitutionally protected Aboriginal treaty rights might be infringed multiplies this flaw to a critical point.

Osteopetrosis is characterized by increased bone density and fragility. The R444L missense mutation in the human V-ATPase a3 subunit causes this disease. Modeling the R444L mutation in mouse a3 caused endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of a3 with attendant abrogation of maturation and trafficking of the glycoprotein and its degradation. The mutant protein also displayed altered conformation and increased degradation. Together, these data suggest that R444 is involved in protein folding or stability significant to mammalian a3, and that infantile osteopetrosis caused by the R444L mutation in the V-ATPase a3 subunit is another member of the growing class of protein folding diseases. We also ascertained that the N-Glycosylation sites of the a3 glycoprotein lie at position N484 and N504, data that help to refine the topology of the a subunit. Overall, this study sheds new light onto the role that R444 plays in a subunit structure, and refines a subunit topology.

Osteopetrosis is characterized by increased bone density and fragility. The R444L missense mutation in the human V-ATPase a3 subunit causes this disease. Modeling the R444L mutation in mouse a3 caused endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of a3 with attendant abrogation of maturation and trafficking of the glycoprotein and its degradation. The mutant protein also displayed altered conformation and increased degradation. Together, these data suggest that R444 is involved in protein folding or stability significant to mammalian a3, and that infantile osteopetrosis caused by the R444L mutation in the V-ATPase a3 subunit is another member of the growing class of protein folding diseases. We also ascertained that the N-Glycosylation sites of the a3 glycoprotein lie at position N484 and N504, data that help to refine the topology of the a subunit. Overall, this study sheds new light onto the role that R444 plays in a subunit structure, and refines a subunit topology.

Aboriginal rights are rooted in the historical relationship between the Indigenous peoples of Canada and the Crown and attempt to reconcile the prior occupation of lands by the Aboriginal peoples with claims of Crown Sovereignty. Treaty rights, on the other hand, owe their existence to a series of consensual agreements between the signatories and represent an ongoing relationship between the parties. Treaties represent an integral part of the early Indigenous-European relationship, initially offering peace and friendship and later a vehicle through which the Europeans could acquire lands from the Aboriginal peoples for settlement. In the seminal decision R. v. Sparrow, the Supreme Court of Canada for the first time attempted to address the scope and content of these constitutionally protected Aboriginal rights. The court concluded that Aboriginal rights existed at common law and that these common law rights, whatever they may be, received constitutional protection by virtue of s. 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982. Thus, any legislative enactment designed to infringe on these rights must meet constitutional standards for justification. Despite strict limitations on infringement, in the period following Sparrow, the Court has watered down the effects of this decision by diluting the legislative intent portion of the test to such a degree that it risks becoming a non-factor in the justification process. In this paper, I contend that the use of the Sparrow test, particularly as that test has been interpreted by the Court in the period following Sparrow is flawed, and to use this test as a tool for determining when constitutionally protected Aboriginal treaty rights might be infringed multiplies this flaw to a critical point.