Techn. University, Diss., 2002--Dresden.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:50:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-03-31. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:54:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855219.pdf: 679886 bytes, checksum: 0563800f14d8779d50021fa027c9dc38 (MD5) / Neste trabalho, apresentamos um resumo dos principais experimentos que constataram a existência de um déficit no fluxo de neutrinos solares, levando assim, ao estabelecimento do chamado Problema dos Neutrinos Solares (PNS). Ainda que brevemente, abordamos a anomalia dos neutrinos atmosféricos. O estudo destes dois sistemas sugere que um mecanismo de conversão de sabor deve ser a solução para ambos. Esse mecanismo, também conhecido como oscilação de neutrinos, requer que massa e mistura sejam introduzidos no setor leptônico neutro. Estudamos a propagação do neutrinos no vácuo e na matéria. Posteriormente, em vista da potencial importância das massas dos neutrinos, como sugerem os experimentos de oscilação, estudamos o setor leptônico neutro descrevendo alguns modelos de massa para neutrinos a título de ilustração. Na sequência, estudamos a possibilidade de violação de CP na oscilação de neutrinos. Primeiramente, definimos as fases de violação de CP de Dirac e de Majorana. Discutimos rapidamente o decaimento 0'nü' 'beta beta' mostrando que estaé a forma mais promissora de testar a natureza de Majorana dos neutrinos. Em particular, mostramos que a violação de CP na oscilação de neutrinos é completamente insensível à mesma questão, ou seja, se os neutrinos são partículas de Dirac ou Majorana. Avaliamos, de forma qualitativa, a importância do ângulo 'teta IND. 13' para a detecção da violação de CP no setor leptônico neutro. Por fim, citamos, como exemplos, os experimentos Double CHOOZ e o Projeto Angra, no Brasil, ambos desenvolvidos com o objetivo de melhorar os limites impostos pelo CHOOZ paraθ13 / We present a review of the main experiments which have observed a deficit in the solar neutrino flux, leading to the establishment of the Solar Neutrino Puzzle. Also, we comment on the atmospheric neutrino anomaly. The study of these two systems suggest that a flavor conversion mechanism must be a solution for both deficits. This mechanism, known also as neutrino oscillation, requests that mass and mixing have to be introduced in the neutral leptonic sector. After that we have studied neutrino oscillation in vacuum and in matter. Next, in viewing of the potential importance of neutrino masses, as suggested by all neutrino oscillation data, we have studied the neutral leptonic sector describing some illustrative neutrino mass models. Finally, we have studied CP violation in neutrino oscillation. First, we define the Dirac and Majorana CP violation phases. Second, we discuss in some details the process of neutrinoless double beta decay 0'nü' 'beta beta' showing that it is the best way to provide an evidence for revealing the Dirac or Majorana neutrino character. In particular, we have shown that CP violation in neutrino oscillation is completely insensitive to that question, i.e., if neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana particles. We have also discussed the importance of the mixing parameter 'teta IND. 13' for detecting CP violation in the neutral leptonic sector. To conclude, we comment briefly on both Double CHOOZ and Angra Project experiments. These experiments are aimed to measure 'teta IND. 13' improving the present limits constrained by CHOOZ

The thesis deals with the mutational analysis of conserved amino acids of Potato virus X coat protein (PVX CP). The importance of selected amino acids for the spread of the virus in the plant should be determined. Nicotiana benthamiana was selected as an experimental plant. Mutations of the PVX CP were based on the comparison of PVX CP amino acid sequence with the sequence of Papaya mosaic virus coat protein (PapMV CP), the only representative of potexvirus, which includes PVX, with the described crystal structure of the CP. The importance of certain amino acids for interaction of coat protein subunits PapMV CP,CP and PapMV CP,RNA and thus for virus particles formation was experimentally determined. The available amino acid sequences of isolates and strains of PVX CP were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, compared with each other and alsowith the sequence of PVX CP used in the Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the CAS. Codons encoding conserved phenylalanine and lysine at positions 33 and 118 in the PVX CP amino acid sequence were mutated using methods of molecular biology. Five constructs of PVX CP mutants were prepared, Two deletion mutants of the PVX CP N-terminus which were created in the vector derived from PVX (pGR106) in which the cDNA sequence of PVX is integrated, the remaining 3 point mutants were prepared only as a product of SOE PCR. The reporter gene GFP for monitoring of infection and spread of mutants in plant tissue was cloned into pGR106 carrying the deletion mutants of the N-terminus of PVX CP (deletion of 2.-32. or 2.-33. amino acid). Both mutants are able to move only in a short distance from infected cells to adjacent cells within the inoculated N. benthamiana leaf. These two deletion mutants showed difference in the speed and in the extent of the GFP signal spread. Deletion mutant still possessing the codon for F33 showed faster onset of the GFP signal and was able to spread more rapidly to surrounding cells in comparison with deletion mutant, where the codon for F33 was removed. Other mutants carrying the point mutations were also prepared: the deletion mutant of the codon for F33 (deletion F33), the substitution mutant, in which the codon for phenylalanine at position 33 was replaced by the codon for alanine (F33A) and substitution mutant, where the codon for lysine at position 118 was replaced by the codon for alanine (K118A). Unfortunately, all three point mutants could not be cloned into the vector pGR106, therefore, the evaluation of their spread in N. benthamiana plants was not possible. Based on obtained results it is possible to conclude that the amino acid F33 is important for the intercellular movement within the neighboring cells. To assess the importance of the amino acids F33 and K118 in the systemic infection, it would be necessary to evaluate also the point mutants deletion F33, F33A, and K118.

La modélisation des préférences par le biais de formalismes de représentation compacte fait l'objet de travaux soutenus en intelligence artificielle depuis plus d'une quinzaine d'années. Ces formalismes permettent l'expression de modèles suffisamment flexibles et riches pour décrire des comportements de décision complexes. Pour être intéressants en pratique, ces formalismes doivent de plus permettre l'élicitation des préférences de l'utilisateur, et ce en restant à un niveau admissible d'interaction. La configuration de produits combinatoires dans sa version business to customer et la recherche à base de préférences constituent de bons exemples de ce type de problème de décision où les préférences de l'utilisateur ne sont pas connues a priori. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes penchés sur l'apprentissage de GAI-décompositions. Nous verrons qu'il est possible d'apprendre une telle représentation en temps polynomial en passant par un système d'inéquations linéaires. Dans un second temps, nous proposerons une version probabiliste des CP-nets permettant la représentation de préférences multi-utilisateurs afin de réduire le temps nécessaire à l'apprentissage des préférences d'un utilisateur. Nous étudierons les différentes requêtes que l'on peut utiliser avec une telle représentation, puis nous nous pencherons sur la complexité de ces requêtes. Enfin, nous verrons comment apprendre ce nouveau formalisme, soit grâce à un apprentissage hors ligne à partir d'un ensemble d'objets optimaux, soit grâce à un apprentissage en ligne à partir d'un ensemble de questions posées à l'utilisateur. / --

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-27T14:36:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-18Bitstream added on 2014-08-27T15:57:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000777921.pdf: 963940 bytes, checksum: 85fcc5aee081b35cb4907ca13104f213 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Uma nova fase de medidas para os ângulos de mistura para o setor leptônico se iniciou. Os últimos dados para o valor de 'teta IND. 3' excluíram seu valor nulo em mais de '10 IND. 'sigma'' descartando então a matriz de mistura TBM dos léptons. A conhecida textura de Fritzsch, usada para calcular os ângulos de mistura dos quarks, fornece grande concordância empírica para os atuais valores dos ângulos, assim como, para as diferenças de massas dos neutrinos. As simetrias discretas 'S IND. 3', juntamente com as simetrias abelianas 'Z IND. 3' e 'Z IND. 5' são combinadas entre si formando o grupo de sabor 'G IND. F' ='S IND. 3' x 'Z ind. 5' x 'Z IND. 3' que tem como objetivo estender a simetria usual do Modelo Padrão G = 'SU(3) IND. c' x 'SU(2) IND. L x 'U(1) IND. Y', essa extensão ocorre com um acréscimo de mais cinco campos escalares, que são singletos de SU(2). A principal finalidade da inclusão de 'G IND. F' é fazer com que a textura de Fritzsch não precise ser imposta como ponto de partida nas matrizes de massa dos léptons carregados e dos neutrinos e sim que sejam resultantes no setor de Yukawa após a quebra de simetria. Nosso objetivo, aqui, é analisar a extensão do MP, desde a inclusão das massas dos neutrinos, discutindo a possibilidade deles serem partículas de Dirac ou Majorana, como também explorando os últimos dados de 'teta IND. 3', com suas implicações. Veremos que a textura de Fritzsch é uma boa escolha para as matrizes de massas, tanto para o setor dos léptons quanto para os quarks. Por fim, faremos a extensão do MP com o grupo de sabor 'G IND. F' ='S IND. 3' x 'Z ind. 5' x 'Z IND. 3' analisando somente o setor dos léptons, que nos levará a textura Fritzsch, mas com pequenos desvios / A new phase of measures for the mixing angles for the lepton sector began. The latest data for the value of 'teta IND. 3' excluded its null value in more than '10 IND. 'sigma'', then discarding the TBM mixing matrix of leptons. The known Fritzsch texture, used to calculate the mixing angles of quarks, provides extensive empirical agreement for the current values of the angles, as well as for differences in masses of neutrinos. The discrete symmetries 'S IND. 3', together with the Abelian symmetries 'Z IND. 3' e 'Z IND. 5' and are combined together to form the group flavor 'G IND. F' ='S IND. 3' x 'Z ind. 5' x 'Z IND. 3' that aims to expand the usual symmetry of the Standard Model G = 'SU(3) IND. c' x 'SU(2) IND. L x 'U(1) IND. Y', this extension occurs with an increase of five scalar fields which are singlet of SU(2). The main purpose to the inclusion of 'G IND. F' is to make the texture of Fritzsch need not be imposed as a starting point in the mass matrices of charged leptons and neutrinos, but they result in the Yukawa sector after symmetry breaking. Our goal here is to analyze since extension of the MP by the inclusion of the masses of the neutrinos, also exploring the possibility that its be Dicac’s particle or Majorana’s particle and finally the latest test data of 'teta IND. 13'. At the end, we will see the extension of the Standard Model with the group of flavor 'G IND. F' ='S IND. 3' x 'Z ind. 5' x 'Z IND. 3', only analyzing the lepton’s sector leading us to the Fritzsch texture, but with small deviations

abstract: Wh-questions have been widely discussed in different languages such as English, Mandarin Chinese, Italian, and Russian, but little attention has been paid to the structure of wh-questions in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Thus, this dissertation attempts to analyze the structure of wh-questions using the current frameworks: Minimalism and Cartography. In the late 1990s, Chomsky established the Minimalist Program which aims to describe the clause structure in as simple and economic mechanism as possible, and he advanced his famous research program to include phase theory, which aims to restrict the syntactic operations. On the other side, Rizzi (1997, 2001) proposed the Cartographic approach. In this approach, Rizzi attempted to analyze the left periphery domain in detail, and suggested the split CP hypothesis. Following those two approaches, Ginsburg (2009) and Totsuka (2015) unified them into one approach and suggested that ForceP, TopicP, and IntP are phasal domain while FocusP, FinP, and WhP are not. An overview of the Chomskyan model and Rizzi’s approach has been provided in Chapter 2. Also, this dissertation discussed the unified approach by Ginsburg (2009) and Totsuka (2015). In addition to the overview of the general frameworks, this dissertation discussed the clause structure such as the word order, left periphery domain (i.e., CP), and resumption in MSA. Furthermore, Chapter 2 presented the earlier studies on the wh-questions in MSA and highlighted the major gap which this dissertation attempts to fill. In these studies the structure of wh-questions in MSA were mis-analyzed because the surface structure of the nine wh-questions might look the same, but, in fact, they are not. Therefore, this dissertation attempts to (re)study the structure of wh-questions with taking into consideration the resumption and [definiteness]. In Chapter 3, the methodology and corpus analysis, which is used in collecting the wh-questions in MSA, are discussed. Finally, Chapter 4 analyzed the corpus findings based on the unified approach by Ginsburg (2009) and Totsuka (2015) and showed some evidence that man ‘who’ and ayy ‘which’ questions in MSA are in phasal phrase (i.e., IntP) while the rest of wh-questions are not. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation English 2017

Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T18:26:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-17. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-07-27T18:30:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000866736.pdf: 1452961 bytes, checksum: 319c3fa13bbe5e0dc4754274971c2c02 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Consideramos o decaimento do Higgs violando sabor leptônico h→ 'tau' 'mü' no contexto de teorias efetivas. O CMS divulgou recentemente um excesso de eventos de 2,5 'sigma' neste canal. O operador responsável por este processo, no entanto, está em muitos casos correlacionado com operadores de dipolo, que já têm fortes restrições experimentais. Exploramos então em que casos é possível de se obter um operador de violação de sabor grande o suficiente para ser visto em decaimentos do Higgs no LHC, porém ainda respeitando os limites encontrados em decaimentos radiativos de léptons. Apresentamos também dois modelos, um do tipo Higgs Composto e outro do tipo Higgs Portal, mostrando como o processo h→ 'tau' 'mü' surge em cada um deles. Caso o sinal do CMS seja confirmado, o segundo modelo será favorecido, enquanto é improvável que o primeiro consiga o explicar / We consider the Higgs Lepton Flavor Violating decay h→ 'tau' 'mü' in the framework of effective theories, on which CMS reported a 2.5 σ excess of events. The operator that is responsible for this process, however, is in many models correlated to dipole operators that are already under stringent experimental constraints. We then explore in which cases it is possible to obtain a flavor violating operator that is big enough to be seen in Higgs decays at the LHC, while still respecting the leptonic radiative decay bounds. We also present two models, a simplified Composite Higgs model and a Higgs Portal model, showing how the process h→ 'tau' 'mü' is generated in each of them. We find that if the CMS signal is confirmed, the second model is favored, while it is unlikely that the first model will be able to explain it

Orientador: Juan Carlos Montero Garcia / Banca: Orlando Luis Goulart Peres / Banca: Hiroshi Nunokawa / Resumo: Neste trabalho, apresentamos um resumo dos principais experimentos que constataram a existência de um déficit no fluxo de neutrinos solares, levando assim, ao estabelecimento do chamado Problema dos Neutrinos Solares (PNS). Ainda que brevemente, abordamos a anomalia dos neutrinos atmosféricos. O estudo destes dois sistemas sugere que um mecanismo de conversão de sabor deve ser a solução para ambos. Esse mecanismo, também conhecido como "oscilação de neutrinos", requer que massa e mistura sejam introduzidos no setor leptônico neutro. Estudamos a propagação do neutrinos no vácuo e na matéria. Posteriormente, em vista da potencial importância das massas dos neutrinos, como sugerem os experimentos de oscilação, estudamos o setor leptônico neutro descrevendo alguns modelos de massa para neutrinos a título de ilustração. Na sequência, estudamos a possibilidade de violação de CP na oscilação de neutrinos. Primeiramente, definimos as fases de violação de CP de Dirac e de Majorana. Discutimos rapidamente o decaimento 0'nü' 'beta beta' mostrando que estaé a forma mais promissora de testar a natureza de Majorana dos neutrinos. Em particular, mostramos que a violação de CP na oscilação de neutrinos é completamente insensível à mesma questão, ou seja, se os neutrinos são partículas de Dirac ou Majorana. Avaliamos, de forma qualitativa, a importância do ângulo 'teta IND. 13' para a detecção da violação de CP no setor leptônico neutro. Por fim, citamos, como exemplos, os experimentos Double CHOOZ e o Projeto Angra, no Brasil, ambos desenvolvidos com o objetivo de melhorar os limites impostos pelo CHOOZ paraθ13 / Abstract: We present a review of the main experiments which have observed a deficit in the solar neutrino flux, leading to the establishment of the Solar Neutrino Puzzle. Also, we comment on the atmospheric neutrino anomaly. The study of these two systems suggest that a flavor conversion mechanism must be a solution for both deficits. This mechanism, known also as "neutrino oscillation", requests that mass and mixing have to be introduced in the neutral leptonic sector. After that we have studied neutrino oscillation in vacuum and in matter. Next, in viewing of the potential importance of neutrino masses, as suggested by all neutrino oscillation data, we have studied the neutral leptonic sector describing some illustrative neutrino mass models. Finally, we have studied CP violation in neutrino oscillation. First, we define the Dirac and Majorana CP violation phases. Second, we discuss in some details the process of neutrinoless double beta decay 0'nü' 'beta beta' showing that it is the best way to provide an evidence for revealing the Dirac or Majorana neutrino character. In particular, we have shown that CP violation in neutrino oscillation is completely insensitive to that question, i.e., if neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana particles. We have also discussed the importance of the mixing parameter 'teta IND. 13' for detecting CP violation in the neutral leptonic sector. To conclude, we comment briefly on both Double CHOOZ and Angra Project experiments. These experiments are aimed to measure 'teta IND. 13' improving the present limits constrained by CHOOZ / Mestre

Orientador: Vicente Pleitez / Co-orientador: Ana Carolina Bruno Machado / Banca: Javier Montaño Dominguez / Banca: Celso Chikahiro Nishi / Resumo: Uma nova fase de medidas para os ângulos de mistura para o setor leptônico se iniciou. Os últimos dados para o valor de 'teta IND. 3' excluíram seu valor nulo em mais de '10 IND. 'sigma'' descartando então a matriz de mistura TBM dos léptons. A conhecida textura de Fritzsch, usada para calcular os ângulos de mistura dos quarks, fornece grande concordância empírica para os atuais valores dos ângulos, assim como, para as diferenças de massas dos neutrinos. As simetrias discretas 'S IND. 3', juntamente com as simetrias abelianas 'Z IND. 3' e 'Z IND. 5' são combinadas entre si formando o grupo de sabor 'G IND. F' ='S IND. 3' x 'Z ind. 5' x 'Z IND. 3' que tem como objetivo estender a simetria usual do Modelo Padrão G = 'SU(3) IND. c' x 'SU(2) IND. L x 'U(1) IND. Y', essa extensão ocorre com um acréscimo de mais cinco campos escalares, que são singletos de SU(2). A principal finalidade da inclusão de 'G IND. F' é fazer com que a textura de Fritzsch não precise ser imposta como ponto de partida nas matrizes de massa dos léptons carregados e dos neutrinos e sim que sejam resultantes no setor de Yukawa após a quebra de simetria. Nosso objetivo, aqui, é analisar a extensão do MP, desde a inclusão das massas dos neutrinos, discutindo a possibilidade deles serem partículas de Dirac ou Majorana, como também explorando os últimos dados de 'teta IND. 3', com suas implicações. Veremos que a textura de Fritzsch é uma boa escolha para as matrizes de massas, tanto para o setor dos léptons quanto para os quarks. Por fim, faremos a extensão do MP com o grupo de sabor 'G IND. F' ='S IND. 3' x 'Z ind. 5' x 'Z IND. 3' analisando somente o setor dos léptons, que nos levará a textura Fritzsch, mas com pequenos desvios / Abstract: A new phase of measures for the mixing angles for the lepton sector began. The latest data for the value of 'teta IND. 3' excluded its null value in more than '10 IND. 'sigma'', then discarding the TBM mixing matrix of leptons. The known Fritzsch texture, used to calculate the mixing angles of quarks, provides extensive empirical agreement for the current values of the angles, as well as for differences in masses of neutrinos. The discrete symmetries 'S IND. 3', together with the Abelian symmetries 'Z IND. 3' e 'Z IND. 5' and are combined together to form the group flavor 'G IND. F' ='S IND. 3' x 'Z ind. 5' x 'Z IND. 3' that aims to expand the usual symmetry of the Standard Model G = 'SU(3) IND. c' x 'SU(2) IND. L x 'U(1) IND. Y', this extension occurs with an increase of five scalar fields which are singlet of SU(2). The main purpose to the inclusion of 'G IND. F' is to make the texture of Fritzsch need not be imposed as a starting point in the mass matrices of charged leptons and neutrinos, but they result in the Yukawa sector after symmetry breaking. Our goal here is to analyze since extension of the MP by the inclusion of the masses of the neutrinos, also exploring the possibility that its be Dicac's particle or Majorana's particle and finally the latest test data of 'teta IND. 13'. At the end, we will see the extension of the Standard Model with the group of flavor 'G IND. F' ='S IND. 3' x 'Z ind. 5' x 'Z IND. 3', only analyzing the lepton's sector leading us to the Fritzsch texture, but with small deviations / Mestre

abstract: Despite the vast research on language carried out by the generative linguistics of Noam Chomsky and his followers since the 1950s, for theoretical reasons (mainly their attention to the mental abstraction of language structure rather than language as a performed product), historical linguistics from the start lay outside their research interest. This study is an attempt to bridge the gap between the formalism and theoretical constructs introduced by generative grammar, whose ultimate goal is to provide not only a description but also an explanation to linguistic phenomena, and historical linguistics, which studies the evolution of language over time. This main objective is met by providing a formal account of the changes hwæðer undergoes throughout the Old English (OE) period. This seemingly inconspicuous word presents itself as a case of particular investigative interest in that it reflects the different stages proclaimed by the theoretical assumptions implemented in the study, namely the economy principles responsible for what has become known as the CP cycle: the Head Preference Principle and the Late Merge Principle, whereby pronominal hwæðer would raise to the specifier position for topicalization purposes, then after frequent use in that position, it would be base-generated there under Late Merge, until later reanalysis as the head of the Complementizer Phrase (CP) under Head Preference. Thus, I set out to classify the diverse functions of OE hwæðer by identifying and analyzing all instances as recorded in the diachronic part of the Helsinki Corpus. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data have rendered the following results: 1) a fully satisfactory functional and chronological classification has been obtained by analyzing the data under investigation following a formal theoretical approach; and 2) a step-by-step historical analysis proves to be indispensable for understanding how language works at the abstract level from a historical point of view. This project is part of a growing body of research on language change which attempts to describe and explain the evolution of certain words as these change in form and function. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. English 2013