Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil (Especialização em Geotecnia). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2009

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil (Construções). Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Engenharia. 2011

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil (Especialização em Construções). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2009

Marsupial moles (genus Notoryctes) are the most highly specialised burrowing marsupials. The specialisations of the appendicular musculo-skeletal system of the marsupial moles are extensive and widespread; the major alterations are concentrated in, but not restricted to, the forelimb. Many of the derived features of the muscular system appear to be adaptations for improving the mechanical advantage of the limbs for burrowing. A number of the specialisations of the muscular system of the marsupial moles are convergent with those previously documented in other fossorial mammals, including golden moles, rodents and armadillos. There are, however, a number of unique specialisations of the musculo-skeletal system of Notoryctes. The functional morphology of the locomotor apparatus of marsupial moles is interpreted on the basis of the descriptions of the anatomy of the skeletal and muscular systems. The burrowing technique of the marsupial moles is a modified form of the parasagittal digging method that is used by other fossorial mammals, such as golden moles, armadillos and some rodents including pocket gophers. Differences in the functional morphology of the hindlimb between marsupial moles and other fossorial mammals are a reflection of the fact that marsupial moles do not construct permanent open burrow systems, but instead constantly dig through loose soil, backfilling as they progress. The functional morphology of the tail is uniquely specialised in the marsupial moles to function as the fifth limb during the pentapedal burrowing locomotion of marsupial moles. The remains of Miocene fossil marsupial mole, while clearly pleisiomorphic with respect to the appendicular skeletal morphology of modern notoryctids, demonstrate a high degree of specialisation for digging. It is hypothesised that the Miocene marsupial mole was already substantially specialised for a fossorial lifestyle, and thus pre-adapted for a subterranean lifestyle developed in correlation with the desertification of the Australian continent. Phylogenetic affinities of marsupial moles within the Marsupialia have long been enigmatic. While specialisation of the musculo-skeletal system have been so widespread as to obscure almost any phylogenetically relevant patterns, there is some evidence to support an association between notoryctids and peramelid bandicoots. Interspecific differences between the two species of marsupial moles, Notoryctes typhlops and N. caurinus, are minor but do support the separation of the two species.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Florianópolis, 2011 / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-25T22:07:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 298311.pdf: 4848020 bytes, checksum: 46b46f66a2965307e32492ef59f6245a (MD5) / É possível que obras de engenharia na região costeira do estado de Santa Catarina apresentem patologias associadas aos espessos depósitos de argila mole. O entendimento do comportamento mecânico e dos parâmetros geotécnicos destes solos é fundamental para o avanço da Engenharia no Estado. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral avaliar o comportamento dos solos moles, e a instrumentação proposta para os ensaios utilizados na obtenção dos parâmetros geotécnicos da obra de ampliação do Aeroporto Internacional Hercílio Luz, através dos equipamentos disponibilizados pelo Laboratório de Mecânica dos Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Foram executados ensaios tradicionais para caracterização física e do comportamento mecânico dos solos moles que compõe a região do Aeroporto. Por seguinte, foram realizados ensaios alternativos, como o ensaio de Palheta, e o ensaio de adensamento com deformação controlada (CRS). Dentre alguns objetivos específicos, buscou-se comparar os parâmetros obtidos entre ensaios convencionais e especiais. Observaram-se valores de pressões de pré-adensamento entre 140kPa e 200kPa, e coeficientes de condutividade hidráulica da ordem de 10¯7cm/s à 10¯8cm/s. As instrumentações propostas para os equipamentos do LMS acrescentaram em qualidade e precisão de dados, e os resultados geotécnicos apontaram comportamentos ímpares nos solos da obra do Aeroporto / After surveying the situation in some municipals Brazilian with respect to production and processing of spatial data, it was detected the lack of infrastructure, of information, and therefore the lack of mechanisms to support collaborative for data mining and spatial analysis. The difficulties increase with the spread of different structures of spatial data standards like ie: CAD / GIS produced by the rapid advancement of information technology, and real challenges to implementation of an interoperable infrastructure and it focus of several discussions. However access to this data via the Internet and the problems caused in the same exchange are directly related to the particular nature of each standard adopted, so it they should must be analyzed and appropriate for collaboration. Initially, the hypothesis of the study aims to enhance interoperability between spatial data and systems integration, making it possible to establish communication channels for a collaborative environment aimed at potential and cooperative actions. From this, the study presents an investigation into the relevant aspects that influence the projects engineering, resulting in the development of the prototype called OpenCGFW (Collaborative Geospatial Framework Web), to the recognition of structures, integration, manipulation and collaboration, in tuning with efforts GSDI-INDE, OGC and W3C. Initially, studies and reviews on subjects directly related to interoperability. Are also discussed issues related to storage, processing between collaboration computational and specifically geographic data produced by different public institutions. For construction of the framework was applied MCDA-C method (Multicriteria Decision Aid - Constructivist) to identify the fundamental and elementary. From this work also describes the results obtained in implementing the steps of a design pattern to support the activities and evaluating free geo-solutions. During the discussion, are present the results through experiments and applications of the web mapping for digital maps to integrate multiple databases distributed of the multipurpose cadaster and use of the main techniques of spatial data mining. At the end, the work discusses the hypothesis and the contribution of research, mainly to meet the regional characteristics, seeking to contribute to the technological advancement of the country intensifying the use of open standards, the free geo-solutions collaboration and knowledge management

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Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2017-02-22T16:51:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1192433 bytes, checksum: 91424d8057f8873cbcbc003f6bea5a6b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T16:51:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1192433 bytes, checksum: 91424d8057f8873cbcbc003f6bea5a6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho são descritos o desenvolvimento e a utilização de um equipamento para realização de ensaios de adensamento com taxa de deslocamento constante em solos muito moles. Inicialmente, faz-se uma revisão dos diferentes tipos de ensaio de adensamento, destacando-se aquele com taxa de deslocamento constante. Em seguida, apresenta-se a teoria do adensamento com grandes deformações, desenvolvida por Gibson et al. (1967), juntamente com os diversos sistemas de coordenadas. Com base nesta teoria, subseqüentemente apresenta-se o método de análise para o ensaio CRD proposto por Znidarcic et al., 1986. Em razão das dificuldades encontradas na utilização deste método, descreve-se também um outro mais simples, adotado nesta tese. Em seguida, apresentam-se as características básicas do material utilizado, ou seja, o rejeito da mina da Mutuca, os ensaios realizados, bem como os resultados obtidos e a discussão sobre a influência de vários aspectos como: teor de umidade inicial da amostra; velocidade de ensaio; contrapressão; e altura da amostra etc. Finalmente, são feitas algumas conclusões, destacando-se a simplicidade e o bom desempenho do equipamento desenvolvido, e a pequena influência da velocidade, da altura da amostra e da contrapressão nos resultados dos ensaios. / This work deals with the development and use of a new constant rate of deformation (CRD) oedometer made to test very soft materials. At first, different types of oedometer test are reviewed, with emphasis in the constant rate of deformation type. Following, the large strains consolidation theory developed by Gibson et al. (1967) is presented, together with different types of coordinate systems. Based on this theory, the next chapter presents the CRD test analysis proposed by Znidarcic et al., 1986. Due to difficulties encountered using this analysis, another simpler analysis is also described and was adopted in this thesis. Following, the testing program performed is shown. The basic features of the material used, taillings of the Mutuca mine, and the tests executed are presented, together with the results obtained and discussions about the influence of several aspects like: initial water content of the samples; velocity of the tests; back-pressure; and sample height etc. Finally some conclusions are made, emphasizing the simplicity and well functioning of the equipament developed, and the little influence of velocity, sample height and back-pressure on the test results / Não foram encontrados o cpf e o currículo lattes do autor.

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Les môles hydatiformes complètes (MHC) sont des lésions bénignes précancéreuses du placenta qui dans 5% des cas évoluent vers un cancer très prolifératif dénommé, choriocarcinome (CC). Différents travaux ont rapporté une corrélation entre le développement des MHC récurrentes et les mutations du gène NLRP7. Ce gène code pour la protéine NLRP7 de l’inflammasome dont l’activation contribue à la production d’IL-1 et IL-18. La majorité des travaux publiés à ce jour se sont intéressés à l’étude des mutations de NLRP7. En revanche, aucune étude n’a caractérisé son rôle dans la placentation normale et tumorale. L’objectif de mon projet de thèse était de caractériser le rôle de cette protéine dans le placenta normal et tumoral. Trois approches ont été utilisées, i) Clinique, en collaboration avec le CHU de Casablanca ; le centre de référence Français des Maladies Gestationnelles Trophoblastiques (MGT) et l’Université Mc Gill pour l’accès aux tissus et sera collectés chez des patientes MHC ou CC; ii) In Vitro/Ex Vivo, pour la caractérisation du rôle du NLRP7 dans les processus clés du développement placentaire normal et tumoral dans des systèmes de cultures en 2D et 3D. Deux lignées trophoblastiques ont été utilisées, les cellules non tumorales HTR-8 Sv/Neo et la lignée JEG3 issue d’un CC humain ; iii) In Vivo, par l’injection orthotopique de cellules JEG3, invalidées ou non pour l’expression du gène NLRP7 (stratégie ShRNA), dans le placenta de souris gestantes. L’impact tumoral des JEG3 suite à leur injection dans la corne utérine et dans la veine de la queue de souris non gestantes a également été étudié.Mes travaux ont démontré que la protéine NLRP7 est abondamment exprimée dans le placenta normal au cours du premier trimestre de la grossesse, que son expression est régulée positivement par l’hypoxie, paramètre clé du développement du placenta et que cette protéine contrôle les processus clés du développement placentaire comme la prolifération et la différentiation trophoblastique. Par ailleurs, j’ai aussi démontré que NLRP7 joue un rôle compensatoire important dans la pathologie du retard de croissance intra-utérin. En relation avec le développement tumoral placentaire, mes travaux ont démontré que, i) la protéine NLRP7 est augmentée dans le placenta de patientes MHC et CC, et que les protéines de la machinerie des inflammasomes sont aussi dérégulées, ii) les cellules tumorales JEG3 surexpriment le NLRP7 comparé au HTR-8 Sv/Neo, iii) l’invalidation de NLRP7 dans les JEG3 induit une baisse de leur prolifération et augmentation de leur migration et invasion dans les systèmes de culture 2D et 3D. L’étude in vivo a démontré que l’invalidation de NLRP7 diminue le développement et la métastase du CC humain dans les trois modèles étudiés. Les analyses immunohistologiques, RNAseq et anticorps-array ont permis la caractérisation des mécanismes régulés par la protéine NLRP7 dans les JEG3. L’ensemble de mes travaux ont mis en évidence le rôle critique de la protéine NLRP7 dans le développement placentaire normal et tumoral et proposent la machinerie NLRP7 comme cible potentielle pour le traitement du CC. / Complete hydatidiform moles (CHM) are benign precancerous lesions of the placenta that evolve in 5% of cases into a highly proliferative cancer called choriocarcinoma (CC). Numerous studies have reported correlations between the development of recurrent CHM and mutations in the NLRP7 gene. NLRP7 protein belongs the NLRP7-inflammasome, whose activation contributes to the production of mature IL-1 and IL-18. Most of the work published on NLRP7 was focused on the study of NLRP7 mutations in CHM. Though, no study has characterized its role in normal and tumor placental development. The aim of my thesis project was to characterize the role of this protein in the normal and tumor placenta. Three approaches were used, i) A clinical approach, in collaboration with Casablanca University Hospital; the French reference center of Trophoblastic Gestational Disease and with McGill University. These collaborations allowed for tissue access from MHC and CC patients; ii) An in Vitro / Ex Vivo approach for the characterization of the role of NLRP7 in key processes of normal and tumor placental development using 2D and 3D culture systems. Two trophoblastic cell types were used, a non-tumor cell line, the HTR-8 Sv/Neo and the JEG3 cells, derived from human CC; iii) An In Vivo approach through orthotopic injection of JEG3 cells, invalidated or not for the expression of the NLRP7 gene (ShRNA strategy), in the placenta of gravid mice. The tumor impact of JEG3 following their injection into the uterine horn and the vein of the tail of non-pregnant mice was also examined.The first part of my work showed that NLRP7 protein is abundantly expressed in the normal placenta during the first trimester of pregnancy, that its expression is upregulated by hypoxia, a key parameter in placental development, and that this protein controls key processes of placental development such as proliferation and differentiation. Importantly, I have also demonstrated that NLRP7 plays an important compensatory role in the pathology of intrauterine growth retardation. The second part of my work concerning the role of NLRP7 protein in the placental tumor development demonstrated that i) NLRP7 protein levels are increased in the placenta of MHC and CC patients, and that components of the inflammasome machinery are also deregulated, ii) the JEG3 cells overexpress NLRP7 compared to HTR-8 Sv/Neo, iii) NLRP7 knock-down in JEG3 induced a significant decrease in their proliferation and an increase in their migration and invasion both in the 2D and 3D culture systems. The in vivo study demonstrated that the knock-down of NLRP7 decreased the development and metastasis of human CC in the three tested routes. Immunohistological, RNAseq and antibody-array analyses allowed the characterization of the pathways regulated by the NLRP7 protein in JEG3 cells.Altogether my PhD project characterized the critical role of the NLRP7 protein in normal and tumor placental development and proposes the NLRP7 machinery as a potential target for CC treatment.