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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

SÃntese, caracterizaÃÃo e aplicaÃÃo de catalisadores heterogÃneos para a produÃÃo de biocombustÃveis / Synthesis,characterization and applications of heterogeneos catalysers for the biodiesel productions

MÃnica Castelo GuimarÃes Albuquerque 22 April 2008 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O Biodiesel à industrialmente produzido atravÃs de reaÃÃo homogÃnea de transesterificaÃÃo de Ãleos vegetais na presenÃa de espÃcies bÃsicas como catalisadores. Entretanto, neste processo hà a necessidade de purificaÃÃo da fase Ãster e remoÃÃo da base apÃs a reaÃÃo. Neste trabalho, diferentes catalisadores bÃsicos heterogÃneos, tais como Ãxido de cÃlcio (4-20%) suportado sobre a sÃlica mesoporosa SBA-15 e catalisadores de Ãxidos MgAl e MgCa com diferentes relaÃÃes molares (3-24) Mg/Ca e Mg/Al, foram sintetizados e avaliados em reaÃÃes de transesterificaÃÃo. As propriedades texturais e a caracterizaÃÃo estrutural dos catalisadores foram determinadas pelas tÃcnicas de DRX, XPS, FT-IR, MEV e adsorÃÃo- dessorÃÃo de N2 a -196ÂC. A basicidade foi estudada mediante tÃcnicas de TPD-CO2 e decomposiÃÃo de isopropanol. A atividade catalÃtica foi avaliada em reaÃÃes de transesterificaÃÃo do butirato de etila com metanol, algumas variÃveis da reaÃÃo foram otimizadas e o catalisador mais ativo foi testado na produÃÃo de biodiesel a partir dos Ãleos de mamona e girassol. Para a sÃrie de catalisadores mesoporosos, a amostra com 14% de CaO em SBA-15 foi o catalisador mais ativo na transesterificaÃÃo do butirato de etila com metanol a 60ÂC e pressÃo atmosfÃrica. A maior atividade na produÃÃo de biodiesel foi observada para o catalisador SBA15-14CaO apresentando valores de conversÃo de 65,7% e 95% para os Ãleos de mamona e girassol apÃs 1 e 5h de tempo de reaÃÃo, respectivamente. Para os catalisadores de Ãxidos MgAl e MgCa, os catalisadores de MgCa mostraram-se mais ativos que os MgAl para a transesterificaÃÃo do butirato de etila. Em reaÃÃo com Ãleo de girassol, foi observado para o catalisador MgCa3 uma conversÃo de 92% a uma relaÃÃo molar metanol:Ãleo de 12, temperatura de reaÃÃo de 60ÂC e 2,5% em peso de catalisador no meio reacional. / Biodiesel is industrially produced by homogeneous transesterification of vegetable oils in the presence of basic species. However, removal of the base after reaction is a major problem, since purification of the ester phase is needed. In this study, different heterogeneous catalysts, based on calcium oxide (4-20%) supported on mesoporous SBA- 15 silica, and MgAl and MgCa oxides with different Mg/Ca and Mg/Al molar ratios (3- 24), have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated in transesterification reactions. Their textural and structural characterizations were carried out using XRD, XPS, FT-IR, SEM and N2 sorption at -196ÂC. Their basicities were studied by CO2-TPD and isopropanol catalytic decomposition. Their catalytic activities was evaluated for the transesterification reaction of ethyl butyrate with methanol, and several reaction parameters were optimized. The most active catalysts were tested in biodiesel production from castor and sunflower oils. The sample with a 14 wt% of CaO in SBA-15 was the most active catalysts in the transesterification of ethyl butyrate with methanol at 60ÂC and atmospheric pressure. For the MgAl and MgCa oxide catalysts, MgCa mixed oxides were more active than MgAl in the same system. The highest activity in biodiesel production was found for SBA15-14CaO as 65,7% and 95% for castor and sunflower oils after reacting for 1 and 5h, respectively. In the case of MgAl and MgCa oxides catalysts, sunflower oil conversion of 92% was achieved with methanol:oil molar ratio of 12, reaction temperature of 333 K and 2.5 wt% of MgCa3 catalyst. ______________________________________________________________________

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