BK virus is a human polyomavirus which is highly prevalent in the population. The virus is usually not very dangerous to its host, but it may cause complicati- ons in immunosuppressed patients. These complications commonly appear after kidney transplantation because BK virus persists in kidney epithelial cells. There are four subtypes of BK virus and it might be clinically important to screen for the identity of subtypes in matched pairs of donors and recipients of the kidney. This determination of the subtype specific antibodies by simple test could help to manage complications after the surgery. During previous project the ELISA test that could serologically differentiate between two main BK virus subtypes (I and IV) was designed, but its development is complicated by the fact that there is a strong cross-reactivity between the BK virus subtypes and antibodies. The modification of antigen towards better specificity might be required to succeed. Consequently, the main aim of this diploma thesis was to map important spots of major capsid protein VP1 of BK virus, particulary in EF and DE loops, which could participate in binding of antibodies. This aim was addressed by targeted mutagenesis of the gene coding VP1 protein in the region of the respective loop. Nucleotides coding two surface aminoacids...

The subject of the present paper is an analysis of two formally similar comment clauses (CCs henceforth) you know and you see with the help of a parallel corpus InterCorp. First, the focus is put on their pragmatic functions; it is attempted to find out whether they perform all the functions that can be realized by you-oriented CCs as identified and characterized by Povolná (2010), i.e. whether they can be found both as appealers and empathizers, inform markers and monitors, and whether they prefer a certain sentence-position. Second, the present paper studies the Czech translation counterparts of the selected CCs; it attempts to offer a summary of the strategies concerning the translation of the CCs into Czech and to identify their most typical Czech equivalents. It also examines to what extend the type of the pragmatic function influences the translation. The theoretical part summarizes the history of the phenomenon of CCs and characterizes and describes two approaches generally applied to CCs: CCs as ordinary clause constituents (Quirk et al. (1985)) vs. CCs as discourse markers (Povolná (2010)). Also offered is the treatment of the equivalents of CCs in the Czech grammars (Cvrček et al. (2010), Daneš, Hlavsa et al. (1987) and Karlík and Grepl (1998, 1999)). The methodological part summarizes...

The goal of this thesis is to map a theme, which has not been systematically explored enough by Czech linguists so far. It deals with the material of the Prague Spoken Corpus (PSC), which contains a series of records of authentic spoken language. The thesis presents primarily a comprehensive description of particles, which can be found in the PSC, their semantic classes based on their real occurrence in the natural speech context. It further describes their collocability and syntagmatic relations, including their valency, thus more adequately explains their function in the commonly spoken language. Attention is also paid to their frequency and preferred use within the scope of particular combinations of sociolinguistic parameters, i.e. four variables (sex, age, education and type of discourse) which determined the selection of speakers on recordings to make their combinations as balanced as possible. Some particles are homonymous with other parts of speech - the extent of homonymy and its context dependency just as the processes of particulization are described in the contextual usage of particles and adverbs. The results in terms of the frequency of usage were compared with the frequency of occurrence in the written corpus SYN2005. The presentation of particles in dictionaries of Czech language was...

The presented diploma thesis deals with the description of verbal epistemic parentheses such as (ich) glaub(e) or (ich) mein(e) in German and myslím in Czech. These types usually do not belong among the means of expressing epistemic modality and are often neglected in current dictionaries and grammars, although they have a different meaning than the verb they originated from. The diploma thesis analyzes parentheses (ich) glaub(e) in German and myslím in Czech via spoken language corpora. The German data were acquired from FOLK (Forschungs- und Lehrkorpus gesprochenes Deutsch) which is a part of IDS Mannheim corpora. The Czech data come from ORAL v1 (Český národní korpus). The overall aim was to describe their syntactic behaviour, their semantics, and in some cases their prosodic features. The theoretical part focuses on distinguishing between discourse markers and particles. Such distinction forms a foundation for the analysis. The differentiation between grammaticalization and pragmaticalization is also commented on. Both parentheses were examined with relation to their syntactic position, syntactic integration, and their potential function as fillers. Based on the analysis, both constructions evince an advanced level of particularization and have features of particles and/or discourse markers....

Title: Study of strange particle production in jets with the ALICE experiment at the LHC Author: Vít Kučera Institute: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisors: RNDr. Jana Bielčíková, Ph.D., Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS; Dr. Christian Kuhn, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert CURIEN Abstract: Quark-gluon plasma is a state of matter existing under extreme energy densities and temperatures where quarks and gluons are deconfined. Complex phenomena occurring in the plasma emerge from the strong interaction of its constituents. This hot and dense strongly interacting matter can be created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and its properties can be studied by measuring particles produced in the collisions. Partons produced in hard scatterings interact with the medium which modifies the production of particles in jets. Measurements of spectra of identified particles produced in jets represent an important tool for understanding the interplay of various hadronization mechanisms which contribute to the particle production in the medium created in heavy-ion collisions. In this thesis, we present the measurement of the pT spectra of Λ baryons and K0 S mesons produced in charged jets in central Pb-Pb collisions at the energy √ sNN = 2.76 TeV, measured in the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The...

Active Particles at the Temelin NPP, Radiobiological Risks and Protective Precautions The term active particle (AC) was applied on Temelín NPP (ETE) in order to denominate small fragments of high radioactive matters, sized up to 1 millimeter, forming into primary circuit. In accordance with latest available know-how, the ACs major contains corrosion products, that were activated during passing through reactor core. After primary circuit opening, due to carry out outage works, the ACs will spread into ETE radiation controlled area. In proportion to their size, the ACs activity is relative high, so that the ACs can jeopard workers, who will contact them. This jeopardy is namely associated with AC penetration into organism - ingestion or inhalation. The main goal of this dissertation is to determine grounds of ACs occurence in Temelín NPP, to review ACs radiobiological risks and to evaluate procedures and protective aids, used for assurance of workers radiation protection. This dissertation is resuming actual know-how about ACs occured and occuring in Temelín NPP, including suggestions for radiation protection procedures and for protective aids utilization, that are to be used for reduction of above mentioned jeopardy. Next areas are concerned: - analysis of ACs forming and matters composition - description of ACs physical-radiation parameters - identification of main ACs sources in primary circuit - assesment and evaluation of radiobiological jeopardies, associated with ACs occurence in Temelín NPP radiation controlled area - assesment of procedures and protective aids used for protection of workers, who can be endangered by ACs

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In this diploma thesis I focus on poultry farms, as a source of dust particles, which are taken from the breeding establishment to the surroundings of poultry breeding. The first theoretical part of the thesis is focused on dust, dust particles and their sources, as well as on housing of poultry and on BAT technology. These particles can be dangerous not only for the animals but also for the staff working in the vicinity of the farm animals. In the second, practical part of the thesis, I focus on the measurement of dust particles PM10 using the DUST TRUK II measuring instrument in a selected broiler breeding facility, as well as on the processing of measurement results and comparison with hygienic regulations and already measured values.

This diploma thesis examines the Czech expression copak and its translation counterparts. It focuses on the individual functions and meanings of copak and the ways these are expressed in the English translation. The aim of the present paper is to determine to what extent the discourse meanings of copak as a particle are maintained in the translations and what means English uses to do so. Regarding the pronominal function of copak, the main issue is to examine whether the postfix -pak is reflected in the English translations or not and what equivalents are used in comparison to the forms without the postfix. Another objective is to analyse the English counterparts according to their formal representation and define their discourse functions in respect to the discourse meanings of the Czech originals containing copak. The research carried out in the present thesis was based on material drawn from the parallel corpus InterCorp. A total of 240 examples with the expression copak was excerpted with the English translations aligned to them. The analysis was divided into five parts, according to the particular word class of copak. Particles proved to be the most productive word class, as they provided 187 examples and 25 different translation counterparts, negative question being the most frequent one. The...

Isolation of plant DNA is complicated due to the presence of polyphenols, polysaccharides and other metabolites, that are isolated together with DNA. These compounds can affect the yield and quality of DNA and can inhibit a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A modern, simple, and fast method of DNA isolation in molecular biology laboratories is magnetic separation based on reversible DNA immobilization on magnetic particles. These methods allow to obtain DNA of high quality and purity. In the experimental part, magnetic microparticles PGMA 2 mg/ml and magnetic nanoparticles functionalized by polylysine (PLL) 0,2 mg/ml were used for isolation of plant DNA from vegetables (carrots), fruits (pear, apple, lemon, mango) and heat treated food products for children (Hami first carrot, Nestlé fruit pocket, dmBIO pear carrot apple, Hello fruit snack with apples and Hello fruity snack with mango). The efficiency of separation of magnetic particles with bound DNA using a magnetic needle and a magnetic separator were compared. The quality and quantity of isolated DNA were verified by spectrophotometric analysis. The amplificability of isolated DNA was tested in a conventional PCR using primers specific for plant ribosomal DNA (rDNA). PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Major fluorescent bands were of 700, 350 and 220 bp corresponding to three different rDNA amplicons. DNA was isolated from heat treated food products for children in a PCR-ready quality. Only 220 bp long PCR products were detected, that indicated DNA degradation. The identity of PCR products was determined by restriction fragment lenght analysis (RFLP) using NlaIII enzyme cutting the rDNA subregion (ITS1) of Daucus carota (carrot). The digestion profiles were in a good agreement with those predicted from bioinformatic analysis confirming, thus, the specificity of the developed PCR method.