The theoretical part of this diploma thesis deals with molecularly imprinted polymers. Properties of the monomers and templates used for the polymerization are described. Part is devoted to the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers and interactions leading to the formation of imprinted polymers. Imprinting technologies and strategies, template removal methods, detection methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of the molecular imprinting are included. Also the applications in various fields, focusing mainly on the area of imprinting proteins and pathogens are discussed in details. The experimental part deals with optimization of the preparation of a molecularly imprinted polymer based on dopamine subsequently used especially for the isolation and detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The polymer was coated over a microscope slide, into the 96-well microplate and on a surface of magnetic particles. Fluorescence spectrometry and fluorescence microscopy were used for analyte detection. The developed technique was capable of isolating the target (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) at relatively low concentrations (1.103 CFU.ml-1).

Estimating infiltration of quasi-ultrafine black carbon particles by an absorbance method: air quality in Pavla Stehlíková Abstract This diploma thesis focused on the estimating quasi-ultrafine particles amount in school gyms continue previous study researched air quality in schools. The size-segregated mass concentration of particulate matter was measured in three elementary school gyms in central part of Prague, on periphery of Prague and in a small settlement Černošice during twenty campaigns, from 2005 to 2009. The mass concentration of particulate matter were measured by 5-staged Sioutas impactor. For this thesis we have selected samples on filters with particle size <0,25µm. To evaluate carbonaceous particles amount we used reflectance. Reflectance was transformed into an absorption coefficient (m- 1 .10-5 ). The average levels of absorptions coeficients were higher outdoors (14,66 ± 8,93 m- 1 .10-5 ) than indoors (13,64 ± 8,08 m-1 .10-5 ). The correlations between absorption coeffitients outdoors and indoors were significant for all schools (Spearman's correlation coefficient at intervals 0,834-0,957, regression slope 0,759-1,007), suggesting a high outdoor-to-indoor penetration rate. The weak correlation between absorption coefficients and number of exercising pupils (correlation coefficient 0,059)...

The aim of this thesis is to reveal the potential of mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) based virus-like particles (VLPs) as possible nanocarriers for directed delivery of therapeutic or diagnostic compounds to specific cells or tissues. We have chosen mouse polyomavirus VLPs because they do not contain viral DNA and are considered safe for utilization in bio-applications. In our research, we used a chemical approach for retargeting of MPyV based VLPs from their natural receptor to cancer cells. The chemical modification of the capsid surface exposed lysines by an aldehyde-containing reagent enabled conjugation of VLPs to selected molecules: transferrin and inhibitor of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII). Transferrin, as a transporter of iron to metabolically active cells, targeted VLPs to numerous types of cancer cells overexpressing the transferrin receptor. On the other hand, GCPII serves as a transmembrane marker specific for prostate cancer cells and conjugation of its inhibitor to VLPs resulted in successful recognition of these cells. Electron microscopy was used for visualization of modified VLPs and flow cytometry together with confocal microscopy for investigation of cell specific interactions and VLP uptake. Furthermore, we explored the influence of serum proteins on VLPs. The abundance of...

Superparamagnetic -Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation of ferric and ferrous salts with a base. Resulting nanoparticles were coated with shells, such as poly(N,N- dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAAm), neat and functionalized silica (SiO2 and SiO2-NH2), and polyaniline (PANI). PDMAAm shell was introduced by modification of iron oxide nanoparticle surface with an initiator and N,N-dimethylacrylamide was polymerized producing -Fe2O3&PDMAAm core-shell particles. In case of SiO2-NH2 shell, tetramethyl orthosilicate was used to yield -Fe2O3&SiO2 nanoparticles, which were subsequently modified by (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane to prepare γ-Fe2O3&SiO2-NH2 particles. Oxidation of aniline hydrochloride with ammonium persulfate in an aqueous solution of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) in the presence of iron oxides produced -Fe2O3&PANI nanoparticles. Finally, the last type of the particles was based on thionin-modified poly(carboxymethyl methacrylate) (PCMMA&Th). The particles were characterized by techniques, such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determine the particle morphology and hydrodynamic diameter. The presence of the functional groups, chemical composition, and the iron content were investigated by Fourier-transform...

This study deals with the association of trace elements with colloids and particles in surface waters and groundwaters of mining and smelting district of Příbram. Colloids were studied using combination of cascade filtration a tangential flow ultrafiltration method to separate individual colloid fractions. Colloids were separated by filtration membranes with nominal pore size 0,8 μm, 0,45 μm, 0,1 μm, 100 kDa, and 5 kDa. Water samples were analyzed using ICP-OES, ICP-MS and HPLC. The data were used for thermodynamic modeling using PHREEQC-2 programme. The results show that major and trace elements can be divided into several groups, based on their abundance in individual size fractions. Most elements dominate in fraction of truly dissolved matter as dissociated ions (< 5 kDa), maximum concentration in colloid fraction is 5-20 % and almost exclusively in fraction 5 kDa - 100 kDa. Gradual decrease of concentration in all fractions at low ionic strength (1,2 mmol/l) was observed in case of elements such as As, Co, Cr, Si, Sb and U. Gradual decrease of concentration in several samples was observed for Cd, Fe, Pb, Mn and Zn. Dominant binding to colloids and particles in surface waters was observed for Fe and Pb, where these fractions accounted for over 90 %. The main factor influencing colloid...

This thesis presents a contrastive analysis of the English pragmatic markers now and well and their Czech translation equivalents. The overall material is based on 200+12 occurrences that were excerpted from the electronic parallel corpus InterCorp, with all the instances appearing in fictional dialogues. The contrastive study focuses on the role of translation as a means to understand better the nature of the two pragmatic markers. It analyzes specific marker-collocate sequences and the respective Czech translation equivalents. It demonstrates that certain marker-collocate sequences have a tendency to be translated by specific Czech translation equivalents and that the role of other factors, such as position in discourse structure, prosody, and broader context, play in this respect an important role as well. All this and the finding that both now and well share certain Czech translation equivalents add to the multifunctionality of both now and well and prove that a combination of other factors is needed to comprehend the use of the two pragmatic markers in English. The comparison of the Czech translation equivalents in this thesis to the Czech translation equivalents in the Czech-English dictionary Lingea attempted to provide an example of how a contrastive analysis can be useful in Lexicography.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the targeting potential of mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) based virus-like particles (VLPs) as vectors for directed cell delivery of therapeutic or diagnostic compounds. Major capsid protein VP1 of MPyV is able to selfassemble into the noninfectious VLPs. Our main goal is to retarget these VLPs from its native receptor to the prostatic cancer cells by changing the receptor binding site in the surface-exposed loop of VP1. We introduced a peptide ligand CTITSKRTC, which binds prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), by insertion or substitution into BC loop of VP1. These modifications did not change the stability of the particles and genetic substitution prevented the native receptor binding. PSMA-specific binding of modified VLPs was tested by pull-down assay and surface plasmon resonance. In order to further utilize these VLPs, we tested several approaches for preparation of VLPs as vehicles for compounds delivery into eukaryotic cells. Although the method for encapsidation of the DNA into the VLPs in cellular nuclear extracts, which mimic the in vivo conditions, did not enabled us to produce pseudocapsids, we successfully optimized procedure for dissassembly and reassembly of purified particles. This method will be use for encapsidation of molecules into the...

Tobacco smoking has been proved to be harmful to human health and is a known cause of many diseases. It has been shown that not only active smoking can cause health inconveniences - even an exposure to the environmental tobacco smoke (so called secondhand - SHS - or passive smoking) is a serious threat to human health, in some aspects nearly as severe as active smoking. Being aware of these risks, many countries have recently amended their policies which more or less restrict smoking in public places, especially workplaces and hospitality venues. In the Czech Republic, the smoke-free policy belongs to the less strict related to other countries, because it does not restrict smoking at all public places - restaurant and bar owners can choose whether their venue is smoke-free or not and their duty is only to label their venue both outside and inside. The law also enables the option of setting smoking and non-smoking spaces within the restaurant or bar. In a representative sample (over 100) of smoking and non-smoking sections of these restaurants and bars the concentrations of PM2.5, a marker of SHS concentrations, were measured with a photometer. The venues were divided into 3 groups according to the extent of separation of the sections. Parallel to the measurements, the gender composition and smoking...

IN ENGLISH Human gastric juice contains mainly aspartate proteinases: pepsin A and pepsin C. Both pepsins are produced by gastric mucosa as inactive pepsinogens and they are activated to the corresponding pepsins in the acidic environment of the gastric lumen. The levels of pepsinogens in serum reflect the morphological and functional status of gastric mucosa. A subject of this thesis is a part of a long-term investigation that focuses on the elaboration of methods for separation gastric aspartate proteainases that would be suitable for diagnostic purposes. The preparation of new type ligands was a concrete subject of PhD. thesis that after their immobilization they can enable the separation of aspartate proteinases. Four heptapeptides containing D-leucinyl residue were synthetized (Val-D-Leu-Pro-Phe-Phe-Val- D-Leu, Val-D-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Phe-Val-D-Leu, Val-D-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Tyr-Val-D-Leu and Val-D- Leu-Pro-Phe-Tyr-Val-D-Leu. The prepared heptapeptides immobilized on agarose magnetic particles were used for the study of their interaction with porcine pepsin A and rat pepsin C. While porcine pepsin A was adsorbed to all heptapeptides immobilized to magnetic particles, rat pepsin C was not retarded. Similar results were obtained using heptapeptides immobilized to Sepharose. The situation was more complicated...

This diploma thesis is devoted to the issues of the formation of fine particles in dependents on the combustion parameters. The first part of thesis is review, which summarized the information about combustion process and about formation of the gaseous products and fine particles inside them which created during combustion process. The main content of thesis is realization of measurements of fine particles from combustion, in several types of the tested combustion devices. Next part is a description of used measurement devices, which used for measurement. Last chapters are focused on evaluation of results from the measurements, comparison of the measurements between themselves and the finding the existence of the dependence of the formation of fine particles on operational parameters of boiler. And all results are evaluated in the conclusion.