Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The social and spatial dimensions of any settlement are widely recognised in the international literature as having been shaped notably by art in some of the so-called cities of art or culture, such as Florence, Venice and other, smaller cultural nodes around the world. Arts resources have an impact on the socio-spatial dimension of a locale in a multitude of ways, and an understanding thereof can be hugely beneficial to a town‟s development and success. When developed, utilised and protected correctly, the full positive effects of such resources can be achieved to stimulate an inclusive and diverse art town setting. The Western Cape town of Stellenbosch is reputed for its rich arts and cultural heritage, yet there has not been extensive academic research concerning the incidence and effects thereof. Hence, Stellenbosch provides a platform from which to study the socio-spatial influence that visual art brings about in the interplay between art, people and space. Enhanced planning and decision making can then be undertaken for the current and future protection and management of art resources, equipping Stellenbosch to be part of a world that is both a competitive global market and diverse sphere of social constructs and discourses. The exploration of notions such as commoditisation, the places and spaces of art, formal and informal public art, artwork defacement, and the sense of place brought about by the art in Stellenbosch to obtain an overarching impression of the nature and extent of the influences of art on the socio-spatial dimension was the primary aim of this study. A descriptive overview of the socio-spatialities brought about by art in the so-called art town of Stellenbosch is provided by utilising in-depth interviews in combination with a minor GIS component. This enables an overall view of the public perception of art in Stellenbosch, as well as a visual overview of the distribution of the available art resources, hence providing new attribute and spatial data that can inform future initiatives in the town. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die internasionale literatuur word die sosiale en ruimtelike dimensies van ‟n nedersetting wyd erken as deur kuns gevorm te wees in sommige sogenaamde stede van kuns of kultuur, soos Florence of Venesië, en ander, kleiner kulturele nodes regoor die wêreld. Kunsbronne het op ‟n magdom van maniere ‟n impak op die sosio-ruimtelike dimensie van ‟n land, en ‟n begrip daarvan is uiters voordelig vir ‟n dorp se ontwikkeling en sukses. Wanneer dié bronne toepaslik ontwikkel, benut en beskerm word, kan die volle positiewe uitwerking daarvan bereik word om ‟n inklusiewe en diverse kunsdorpomgewing te stimuleer. Die Wes-Kaapse dorp Stellenbosch is bekend vir sy ryk kuns- en kulturele erfenis, maar uitgebreide akademiese navorsing oor die voorkoms en gevolge daarvan is nog nie onderneem nie. Stellenbosch bied dus ‟n platform waarop die sosio-ruimtelike invloed van visuele kuns in die wisselwerking tussen kuns, mense en die ruimte bestudeer kan word. Verbeterde beplanning en besluitneming kan dan gedoen word vir die huidige en toekomstige beskerming en bestuur van kunsbronne, wat Stellenbosch sal toerus vir ‟n wêreld wat beide ‟n kompeterende globale mark en diverse terrein van sosiale konstrukte en diskoerse is. Die ondersoek van begrippe soos kommodifikasie, die plekke en ruimtes van kuns, formele en informele openbare kuns, kunswerkskending, en sin van plek wat deur die kuns in Stellenbosch teweeg gebring word, verskaf ‟n oorkoepelende indruk van die aard en omvang van die invloede van kuns op die sosio-ruimtelike dimensie, wat die primêre doel van hierdie studie was. ‟n Beskrywende oorsig van die sosio-ruimtelikheid wat deur kuns in die sogenaamde kunsdorp Stellenbosch teweeg gebring word, is verskaf deur gebruik te maak van in-diepte onderhoude in kombinasie met ‟n kleiner GIS-komponent. Dit lewer ‟n geheelbeeld van die openbare persepsie van kuns op Stellenbosch, sowel as ‟n visuele oorsig van die verspreiding van die kunsbronne wat beskikbaar is, wat dus nuwe attribuut- en ruimtelike data verskaf wat toekomstige inisiatiewe op die dorp kan inlig.

Newspaper article: "A good tree is worth saving”

Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Stellenbosch, 1995. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to consider whether smallholders operate within homogenous or differentiated farming systems i.e. a similar “‘one type”’ system or a system that could be described as a smallholder typology consisting of a number of farming types. The enquiry firstly described and analysed farm diversity and then developed risk attitude profiles of smallholder farmers in the Stellenbosch local municipal area in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The problem statements, directing this study is that there is a general misconception that smallholders are all “‘the same’” and that they all operate within one ‘“representative farming model”’; and that the majority of smallholders are risk averse. These views also argue that all smallholder farmers are not primarily directed at profit objectives, but that social considerations are most relevant and that different social orientations are shaping farming systems. These views are investigated in this study and the hypotheses directing this analysis is that smallholders in the study area are not a homogenous group; rather types within a broader farming typology, with different orientations and objectives and with different risk attitude profiles. The study originated as part of an international collaborative investigation – the South African Agrarian Diagnoses project, a joint research project of the Agro Paris Tech/Agence Francaise de Development, the Standard Bank Centre for Agribusiness Development and Leadership, Stellenbosch University and the University of Pretoria in to farmer diversity and farmer typologies in South Africa. This investigation looked at smallholder farming in different agrogeographical areas in South Africa, with this particular study focussing on potential smallholder farmer diversity in the Stellenbosch local municipal area. The Stellenbosch local municipality and Western Cape Department of Agriculture provided logistical support, information to this investigation and participated in focus group sessions. Smallholder activity in this study was defined to include both small scale farming activities and the mobilisation of smallholders/farm workers in so-called ‘“farm worker equity schemes’” – a type not included in the other regions. Data was collected from eight smallholders’ farming communities and the four different farm workers’ equity share schemes through surveys and interviews. The following towns and hamlets: Franschhoek, Kylemore, Lanquedoc (Herbal View and Spier Corridor), Pniel, Jamestown, Raithby, Lynedoch and Koelenhof; and four farm workers’ equity share schemes were: Swartrivier vineyard project, Koopmanskloof vineyard project, Enaleni Trust and Poker Hill vineyard project. Personal interviews and focus group discussions were conducted and cluster analysis was used for the diversity (typology) analysis and the Likert scale was employed to measure risk attitude profiles. A non-probability sampling approach was used to select a sample size of 49 respondents. The reason for using non-probability sampling technique was that when one wants to do the diversity analysis, one must try to include many respondents in the sample and the farmers that are included must be representative of the population from which they are selected. The variables selected as determinants of farm diversity included information about: demographics and households, land ownership and occupation, farming activities, farming objectives, agricultural inputs, labour, equipment, farming constraints, access to markets, financial support services, educational and training services, extension services and reasons for quitting farming activities. From this, different farming types and typologies were identified, described and structured. Preference indications for different risk management strategies were then used to measure and describe the risk attitudes of different types of smallholder farmers using the Likert risk attitudinal scale. The results and findings confirmed the study hypotheses relating to diversity in smallholder farming in the target area, namely that smallholders in this geographical area are not a homogenous group and rejects the stated hypotheses that most smallholder farmers are risk averse. A Stellenbosch smallholder typology, with six different farming types were established viz: type 1 – farmland-occupying but non-farming households (10.2% of the sample), type 2 – pensioner – livestock farmers (16.3% of the sample), type 3 – part-time cattle farmers (14.3% of the sample), type 4 – commercial equity share farmers (16.3% of the sample), type 5 – retirement planning crop producers (20.4% of the sample), and type 6 – commercial crop producers (22.5% of the sample). With regard to risk profiles, risk attitudes varied between these types and also within each type, hence risk attitudes for smallholders are also not found to be similar. The results revealed that those smallholder farmers moving on a development path towards commercial agriculture (types 4, 5 and 6) were risk preferring; less commercially orientated farm types (types 1, 2 and 3), showed risk averse and risk neutral orientations. The risk profile percentages of farmers interviewed were 43.2%, 34.1% and 22.7%, respectively for risk preferring, risk neutral and risk averse; this finding rejects the stated hypotheses. From these results, a number of issues, relevant to development support programmes, were proposed for further agricultural economic research. The most important of these are related to: appropriate development support strategies related to farm types and the potential development paths for each type; and the structuring of appropriate ‘“risk management instruments”’ for each type, in particular to support smallholder farmers; with a development trajectory towards commercial farming, i.e. to support emerging commercial farmers – an important category of farming listed in current government policy and in the National Development Plan. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die tipe kleinboere-stelsel (smallholder farming systems) wat voorkom in die Stellenbosch munisipale gebied in die WesKaap provinsie van Suid Afrika en die eenvormigheid al dan nie daarvan te ontleed. Eerstens is plaasdiversiteit ondersoek en ontleed; en daarna die risikohoudings van sondagie kleinboere. Die ontledings is dan gebruik om uitspraak te gee oor die eenvormigheid of diversiteit van kleinboerestelsels in die geogafiese gebied. Die probleemstelling wat hierdie studie gerig het, was dat daar ’n algehele wanbegrip mag bestaan dat kleinboere almal “dieselfde” is, of binne n ‘“eenvormige verteenwoordigende boerderymodel”’ funksioneer; en dat, gekoppel hieraan, die meerderheid kleinboere risikoafkerig is. Hierdie sienings hou ook voor dat alle kleinboere nie noodwendig op winsdoelwitte fokus nie, maar dat maatskaplike oorwegings ook relevant is en dat verskillende oriëntasies boerderystelsels vorm. Hierdie sienings word in hierdie studie ondersoek en die hipotese wat die analise rig, is dat die kleinboere in die studie nie ’n eenvormige of homogene groep is nie, eerder verskillende soorte/tipes kleinboere met verskillende oriëntasies en doelwitte en dus ook met verskillende risikohoudings. Die studie het sy oorsprong as deel van ’n internasionale samewerkende ondersoek – die South African Agrarian Diagnoses-projek van die Agro Paris Tech/Agence Francaise de Development, die Standard Bank Sentrum vir Agribesigheidsontwikkeling en Leierskap, Universiteit van Stellenbosch endie Universiteit van Pretoria oor die diversiteit en tipologieë van kleinboere in Suid Afrika. Hierdie ondersoek het gekyk na verskillende agro-geologiese gebiede in SuidAfrika, met hierdie studie wat gefokus het op die potensiële diversiteit van boere in die Stellenbosse plaaslike munisipale gebied. Die Stellenbosche Munisipaliteit en Departement van Landbou in die Wes Kaap het ondersteunend gestaan met logistiek en deelname aan fokusgroep gesprekke. Kleinboeraktiwiteit in hierdie studie is gedefinieer om beide kleinskaalse boerderyaktiwiteite op klein grond persele, as ook die mobilisering van kleinboere/plaaswerkers in sogenaamde gedeelde boerdery - eienaarskapskemas in te sluit – n unieke tipe wat nie in die ander streke ondersoek is nie.. Data is vanuit agt kleinboergemeenskappe en die vier verskillende gedeelde eienaarskapskemas vir plaaswerkers deur middel van opnames en onderhoude bekom. Die boerderygemeenskappe was in die volgende dorpe en klein dorpies gevestig: Franschhoek, Kylemore, Lanquedoc (Herbal View en Spier Corridor), Pniel, Jamestown, Raithby, Lynedoch en Koelenhof; en die vier gedeelde eienaarskapskemas vir plaaswerkers was: die Swartrivier wingerdprojek, die Koopmanskloof wingerdprojek, Enaleni Trust en die Poker Hill wingerdprojek. Persoonlike onderhoude en fokusgroepbesprekings is gehou en cluster analise is gebruik vir die diversiteit (tipologie) analise en die Likertskaal is gebruik risiko houding profiele te meet. 'N niewaarskynlikheidsteekproefneming benadering is gebruik om 'n steekproefgrootte van 49 respondente te kies. Die rede vir die gebruik van nie-waarskynlikheidsteekproefneming tegniek was dat wanneer 'n mens die diversiteit ontleding te doen, moet 'n mens probeer om soveel respondente in die monster en die boere wat ingesluit is, moet verteenwoordigend van die bevolking waaruit hulle gekies word om te sluit. Onderhoude is gedoen met sulke kleinboere en trosanalise is gebruik vir die analise van diversiteit (tipologie), en die Likert-skaal is gebruik om risikohoudingsprofiele te meet. Die veranderlikes wat as determinante van plaasdiversiteit gekies is, het inligting oor demografie en huishoudings, grondeienaarskap en -besetting, boerderyaktiwiteite, boerderydoelwitte, landboukundige insette, arbeid, toerusting, boerderybeperkings, marktoegang, finansiële ondersteuningsdienste, opvoedkundige en opleidingsdienste, uitbreidingsdienste en redes hoekom boerdery laat vaar is, ingesluit. Hieruit is verskillende boerderytipes geïdentifiseer en gekonstrueer. Voorkeure opsies vir verskillende risikobestuurstrategieë is gebruik om die risikohoudings van die deur middel van die Likert risikohoudingskaal te meet. Die resultate van hierdie studie het die hipotese oor die aanwesigheid van diversiteit bevestig, naamlik dat kleinboere in hierdie geografiese gebied nie ’n homogene groep is nie n verwerp die gestelde hipoteses dat die meeste kleinboere is risiko-sku. ’n Stellenbosch-tipologie, bestaande uit ses verskillende boerderytipes, is vasgestel: tipe 1 – huishoudings wat nie boer nie maar wat op landbougrond woon (10.2% van die monster), tipe 2 – pensioenaris-veeboere (16.3% van die monster), tipe 3 – deeltydse veeboere (14.3% van die monster), tipe 4 – kommersiële gedeelde eienaarskapskema boere (16.3% van die monster), tipe 5 – gewasprodusente wat aftrede beplan (20.4% van die monster), en tipe 6 – kommersiële gewasprodusente (22.5% van die monster). Met betrekking tot risikoprofiele het risikohoudings tussen die tipes en ook binne elke tipe gewissel, dus is die risikohoudings van kleinboere ook nie gevind om dieselfde te wees nie. Die resultate toon dat kleinboere wat in die rigting van kommersiële landbou beweeg (tipes 4, 5 en 6) risiko-voorkeurend is; daarenteen het minder kommersieel gerigte plaastipes (tipes 1, 2 en 3)risiko-afkerige en risiko-neutrale instellings getoon. In die geheel was die persentasies 43,2%, 34.1% en 22.7% vir risiko-voorkeurend, risiko-neutraal en risiko-afkerig onderskeidelik, wat ook die diversiteitshipotese ondersteun. Vanuit hierdie bevindings word ’n aantal kwessies wat relevant is vir ontwikkelingsondersteuningsprogramme vir kleinboere op verskillende ontwikkelingstrajekte, voorgestel vie verder elandbou ekonomiese navorsing. Die belangrikste hiervan hou verband met die aangewese ontwikkelingstrajekte per kleinboer tipe en daarmeegepaardgaande gepaste “risikobestuurinstrumente” – veral vir die ondersteuning van kleinboere met ’n ontwikkelingstrajek na kommersiële boerdery, m.a.w. opkomende kommersiële boere – ’n belangrike boerderykategorie wat in huidige regeringsbeleid en in die Nasionale Ontwikkelingsplan geprioritiseer word.

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mucoralean fungi are mostly saprotrophs that are frequently encountered in soil habitats. Using an isolation temperature of circa 25°C, other workers obtained these fungi from a wide diversity of geographical areas in southern Africa. However, it is known that psychrotolerant mucoralean fungi, able to grow at 25°C as well as at 5°C, occur in pristine Alti Mountain Grassland. Nothing is known about the diversity of these psychrotolerant soil fungi in other vegetation types of South Africa. Consequently, in this study, the psychrotolerant fungal taxa and numbers in soil from a vineyard and from pristine Mountain Fynbos were determined using an incubation temperature of 4°C and a complex isolation medium. The latter contained agar, malt extract, peptone, yeast extract, penicillin and streptomycin sulphate. Soil samples were analysed in late summer, autumn and mid-winter. It was found that, for the samples taken in late summer and autumn, the diversity of mucoralean species in the soil differed between fynbos and vineyard. In winter however, no significant difference was detected between the Shannon's diversity indices of mucoralean species in the soil samples taken from the two habitats. It was found that in both soil types, the percentage mucoralean fungi on the plates increased from summer to winter. In addition, the numbers of detectable Morlierella subgenus Morlierella on the plates were higher in winter than in late summer. The diversity of mucoralean species obtained during winter in fynbos and vineyard soil was significantly less than the diversity of these species in Alti Mountain Grassland soil. To determine if the Morlierella subgenus Morlierella isolates from the fynbos and vineyard soil, and those obtained from Alti Mountain Grassland, differ in the ability to grow at low temperatures, the radial growth rate on malt extract agar at 4°C and BOC was determined for each isolate. The results indicate that not only did seasonal changes occur in the taxa within Morlierella subgenus Morlierella, but that the isolates dominating the soil in different seasons also differed in the ability to grow at low temperatures. The percentage of isolates that had reached greater colony diameters after B days of incubation at 4°C, was higher for the isolates obtained in the cold wet month of July than for those obtained in the warmer dryer month of February. Similar results were obtained with the radial growth experiments conducted at BOC. The Morlierella subgenus Morlierella isolates obtained in winter from fynbos and vineyard soil showed less variation in low temperature growth rate than the isolates of this taxon obtained in winter from Alti Mountain Grassland soil during a previous study. This variation corresponds to the greater number (20) of Morlierella subgenus Morlierella species found in the grassland soil. Altogether only seven species of this subgenus was detected during the present study in the fynbos and vineyard soil samples. It was speculated that this difference in diversity between the fynbos and vineyard isolates, and the grassland isolates obtained in a previous study, might have been as a result of differences in the habitat or the enumeration methods used. The phylogenetic relationship between different psychrotolerant isolates of Morlierella subgenus Morlierella originating from the soil of the fynbos, vineyard and Alti Mountain Grassland, was subsequently determine through comparison of ITS regions, within ribosomal RNA repeats. Consequently, 45 psychrotolerant Morlierella subgenus Morlierella isolates originating from the three soil habitats was compared on the basis ITS 1 nucleotide sequence composition and radial growth rate at 4°C. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the isolates could be grouped into two clusters correlating with the ability to grow at low temperatures. Each cluster was further subdivided into two subgroups. It was found that except for one subgroup and the reference strain occurring in another subgroup, all the subgroups contain isolates originating from a single soil habitat. Therefore, the ITS 1 sequence of these fungi seems to indicate the original habitat and ability to grow at low temperatures. This correlation of the ITS sequence with the ecological habitat of a fungus has also been observed by other workers for other fungal groups. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mucoraliese fungi is meestal saprotrofe wat dikwels in grondhabitatte aangetref word. Deur gebruik te maak van 'n isolasietemperatuur van circa 25°C, het ander werkers dié fungi van 'n wye verskeidenheid geografiese gebiede in suidelike Afrika verkry. Dit is egter bekend dat die psigrotolerante mucoraliese fungi, wat in staat is om by 2SoC en ook by SaC te groei, in ongeskonde Alti Berg-Grasland voorkom. Niks is egter bekend oor die diversiteit van dié psigrotolerante grondfungi in ander veldtipes van suidelike Afrika nie. Die psigrotolerante fungustaksa en -getalle in grond van 'n wingerd en van ongeskonde Berg Fynbos is gevolglik in dié studie bepaal deur gebruik te maak van 'n inkubasietemperatuur van 4"C en 'n komplekse isolasiemedium. Laasgenoemde het agar, moutekstrak, peptoon, gisekstrak, penisillien en streptomisiensulfaat bevat. Grondmonsters is in die laatsomer, herfs en midwinter geanaliseer. Daar is 'n verskil gevind tussen die diversiteit van die mucoraliese spesies in die grond van fynbos en dié van wingerd in die monsters wat in die laatsomer en midwinter geneem is. In die winter is daar egter geen beduidende verskil gevind tussen die Shannon diversiteitsindekse van mucoraliese spesies in die grondmonsters wat uit die twee habitatte getrek is nie. In albei grondtipes is daar gevind dat die persentasie mucoraliese fungi op die plate toegeneem het van somer tot winter. Daarby was die aantal waarneembare Morlierella subgenus Morlierella op die plate meer in die winter as in die laatsomer. Die diversiteit van mucoraliese spesies wat in die winter uit fynbos- en wingerdgrond verkry is, was beduidend minder as die diversiteit van dié spesies in Alti Berg-Grasland grond. Om te bepaal of die Morlierella subgenus Morlierella isolate van die fynbos- en wingerdgrond en dié van Alti Berg-Grasland van mekaar verskil ten opsigte van hul vermoë om by lae temperature te groei, is die radiale groeitempo op moutekstrak by 4"C en aoc vir elke isolaat bepaal. Die resultate dui aan dat daar nie alleen seisoenale veranderinge in die taksa binne Morlierella subgenus Morlierella voorkom nie, maar dat die isolate wat tydens verskillende seisoene uit die grond verkry is, ook ten opsigte van hul groeivermoë by lae temperature van mekaar verskil. Die persentasie isolate wat groter kolonie diameters bereik het ná B dae inkubasie by 4°C, was hoër vir die isolate van die koue, nat Juliemaand as vir dié wat in die warmer en droër Februariemaand verkry is. Soortgelyke resultate is verkry met radiale groei-eksperimente wat by BOC gedoen is. Die MortierelIa subgenus MortierelIa isolate wat in die winter uit fynbos- en wingerdgrond verkry is, het In kleiner variasie in hul groeitempo by lae temperature getoon as die isolate in dié takson wat tydens 'n vorige studie in die winter uit Alti Berg-Grasland grond verkry is. Dié variasie stem ooreen met die groter aantal (20) MortierelIa subgenus MortierelIa spesies wat in die graslandgrond gevind is. Slegs sewe spesies van dié subgenus is gedurende die huidige studie in die fynbos- en wingerdgrondmonsters waargeneem. Daar is gespekuleer dat dié verskil in diversiteit tussen die fynbos- en wingerdisolate en die graslandisolate van die vorige studie die gevolg mag wees van verskille tussen die habitat of die enumerasiemetodes wat gebruik is. Die filogenetiese verwantskap tussen verskillende psigrotolerante isolate van MortierelIa subgenus MortierelIa uit die grond van die fynbos, wingerd en Alti Berg-Grasland, is vervolgens bepaal deur 'n vergelyking van interne getranskribeerde spasieerder (ITS) areas, binne ribosomale RNS herhalings. Daar is gevolglik 45 psigrotolerante MortierelIa subgenus MortierelIa isolate uit die drie grondhabitatte met mekaar vergelyk op grond van die basis ITS 1 nukleotied opeenvolgingsamestelling en radiale groeitempo by 4°C. Filogenetiese analises het die isolate in twee groepe verdeel op grond van hul vermoë om by lae temperature te groei. Elke groep is verder in twee subgroepe verdeel. Daar is gevind dat behalwe vir een subgroep en die verwysingstam wat in 'n ander subgroep voorgekom het, elkeen van die subgroepe bestaan het uit isolate wat van 'n enkele grond habitat verkry is. Dit wil dus voorkom of die ITS 1 opeenvolging van dié fungi 'n aanduiding gee van die oorspronklike habitat en die vermoë om by lae temperature te groei. Dié korrelasie tussen die ITS opeenvolging en die ekologiese habitat van 'n fungus is ook deur ander werkers vir ander fungusgroepe waargeneem.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: My research is motivated by concerns with promoting „transformation‟ in Stellenbosch University, a formerly white Afrikaans University which is still predominantly white in terms of numbers and proportions of students attending the institution. While I argue about the importance of taking measures to promote more „diverse‟ student populations, I am critical of discourses which equate transformation with „improving‟ demographic profiles defined in terms of numbers of black, white, coloured and Indian students. I argue that understandings of transformation and diversity need to engage with the students‟ views and experiences of the university in order to make meaningful change with regard to social cohesion and integration, which goes beyond statistical change. My research does this by exploring how students from particular residences, in Stellenbosch University, construct and experience university and residence life and their own identifications. The students were interviewed in friendship groups, selected by the students themselves, and a key concern of mine was to facilitate conversations with them on broad themes relating to their reasons for coming to Stellenbosch and their interests, aspirations, motivations, identifications and disidentifications as particular students in particular residences in Stellenbosch. I was particularly concerned to pick up on issues which the students raised in these „focus group discussions‟ so that the students, themselves, played a key role in setting the agenda in the discussion and they and their reflections on their experiences and constructions of themselves and others became the topic of discussion. Rather than taking the group interview as an „instrument‟ (as interviews, like questionnaires, are often described in methods texts in the social sciences), I write about it as ethnographic encounter involving them and myself as participants, and I explore insights about the nature of their friendships and relationships derived from first-hand experience, of how they engage with their selected friends and with me in the research group. Furthermore, by engaging with them as authorities about their lives and identifications as particular kinds of students at Stellenbosch, and posing questions which encouraged them to reflect on these. I argue that this kind of research can itself become a model of good pedagogic and „transformative‟ practice. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie beskikbaar

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Domestic violence in South Africa is increasingly becoming a major social problem. Domestic violence disrupts family life and the functioning of family members. However, domestic violence is still narrowly defined and viewed as affecting women who are usually the victims/survivors of such violence. The impact of domestic violence on children is largely underestimated and ignored. Most research and intervention programmes have focused on the problem as it affects women thus treating the impact of violence on children as of secondary importance. The aim of this study is to examine domestic violence from the perspective of black teenagers who either witness or experience such violence themselves. In an attempt to understand and make sense of Black teenagers' experiences and views of violence in their homes and intimate relationships, insights from different theoretical perspectives are used. These are Trauma theory, Social learning theory and the Funnel of Violence theory. Using a qualitative methodology, the study explores black teenagers experiences of domestic violence in their home of origin and their perceptions of violence in intimate relationships. Focus group interviews were conducted with 22 black male and female teenagers between the ages of 14 and 21 to obtain data. The study was conducted in Kayamandi, a township situated in the Stellenbosch area. The findings revealed that the teenagers have been exposed to constant conflict between their parents, the causes of which include alcohol abuse and infidelity. The exposure to violence at home has been traumatic and has affected teenagers on an emotional, psychological and sometimes physical level. The conflict at home has also affected their ability to cope and adopt in their social and school environment. Some have also been direct victims of violence since they have suffered abuse at the hands of both their parents. As a result, their relationship with their parents has been strained. In addition, they seem to have adopted distorted views on how to deal with problems within relationships. They tend to view violence as a means to resolve conflict in intimate relationships and some of these teenagers have come to believe that violence is acceptable since it is an indication of love. They also believe that violent behaviour is a consequence of provocation and is carried out unwittingly to punish and discipline the victim. In most cases the victims of violence are women. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gesinsgeweld word toenemend as 'n sosiale probleem binne die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing geïdentifiseer. Gesinsgeweld word gesien as dat dit die gesinslewe en die gesonde funksionering van gesinslede ontwrig. Gesinsgeweld word egter grootliks gedefinieer as dat dit slegs volwasse vroue affekteer. Die impak van gesinsgeweld op kinders word grootliks onderskat en selfs geïgnoreer. Navorsing oor gesinsgeweld en intervensieprogramme is dus hoofsaaklik gerig op die impak daarvan op vroue as slagoffers. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die impak van gesinsgeweld op kinders in die gesin te ondersoek. Ten einde swart tienderjariges se blootstelling aan gesinsgeweld en die wyse waarop hulle geweld binne intieme verhoudings konseptualiseer te interpreteer, is insigte uit verskillende teoretiese perspektiewe aangewend. Die belangrikste perspektiewe is Trauma teorie, Sosiale Leerteorie en die sg. 'Funnel of violence' teorie. Die studie is kwalitatief van aard en eksploreer swart tienderjariges se sienings van geweld binne hul gesin van oorsprong asook hul siening van die rol van geweld binne intieme verhoudings. Fokusgroeponderhoude is gevoer met 22 swart manlike en vroulike tienderjariges tussen die ouderdom van 14 en 21 jaar woonagtig in Kayamandi, Stellenbosch. Van die belangrikste bevindings is dat swart tienderjariges alkoholmisbruik en huweliksontrouheid as die belangrikste aanleidende oorsake van geweld in die gesin identifiseer. Tienderjariges ervaar gesinsgeweld as traumaties en geweld beïnvloed hulle op emosionele en sielkundige vlak. Blootstelling aan geweld het ook 'n invloed op hul vermoë om suksesvol binne hul sosiale- en skoolomgewing te funksioneer. Terwyl die meeste deelnemers nie self slagoffers van gesinsgeweld was nie, was enkeles wel. Dit het stremming tussen ouers en kinders tot gevolg gehad. Blootstelling aan geweld beïnvloed tienderjariges se vermoë om konflik binne intieme verhoudings suksesvol te hanteer. Sommige definieer geweld as 'n indikator van liefde. Sommige interpreteer geweld as grootliks onbedoeld en 'n wyse om 'n persoon (gewoonlik 'n vrou) te straf en te dissiplineer. In die meeste situasies is vroue die slagoffers van geweld.

Die Queen Victoria Gedenkhospitaal van Stellenbosch, wat sedert 1904 die Stellenbosse gemeenskap bedien het, het as gevolg van 'n groeien~e inwonergetal geleidelik 'n gebrek aan ruimte ondervind. Daarom is daar gedurende die 1930's pogings aangewend vir die oprigting van 'n groter hospitaal. Hierdie pogings is uiteindelik met sukses bekroon en in 1944 het die Stellenbosch Hospitaal sy deure geopen. Spoedig na die opening van die hospitaal is verskeie probleme, soos byvoorbeeld 'n tekort aan beddens en 'n behoefte aan meer moderne mediese toerusting, ondervind. Die Hospitaalraad het deur voortdurende verto~ tot die Kaapse Provinsiale Administrasie en met die finansi~le steun van die Stellenbosse gemeenskap daarin geslaag om belangrike moderne algemene en mediese toerusting aan te koop. Die Stellenbosch Hospitaal, in samewerking met die Cloetesville Gemeenskaps Gesondheidsentrum, wat onder die beheer van die hospitaal staan, se belangrikste doelwit was, en is, om die beste moontlike diens aan die gemeenskap te lewer. Daarom het die Hospitaalraad met verloop van tyd 'n omvattende gemeenskaps gesondheidsprogram ontwikkel. Sedert die dae van die Queen Victoria Gedenkhospitaal het die Stellenbosse gemeenskap 'n aktiewe rol in die lewering van noodsaaklike hospitaaldienste gespee!. As gevolg van die betrokkenheid en die finansi~le bydraes van die gemeenskap kon die Hospitaalraad noodsaaklike uitbreidings, soos 'n kraamsaal en 'n verpleegsterstehuis finansier. Omdat die gemeenskap besef het dat dit nie net die staat se verantwoordelikheid was om gesondheidsdienste te lewer nie, is die Aksie Stellenbosch Hospitaal, die gemeenskapsarm van die hospitaal, in 1988 gestig. Hierdie Aksie Stellenbosch Hospitaal speel dus in 'n tydperk waar staatsfondse beperk is, 'n belangrike rol om die Stellenbosch Hospitaal doeltreffend te laat funksioneer en om steeds hoe standaarde met betrekking tot gesondheidsorg te handhaaf.

Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Hypertension is on the increase among patients as found on the Routine Monthly Report (RMR) at Kayamandi Clinic. The staggering figures showed that the number of patients with hypertension between January 2009 until December 2009 was 5 754. It was further identified on the Routine Monthly Report (RMR) statistics that, more and more young adults between 18 and 40 years who are visiting the clinic for other health problems are diagnosed with hypertension and its complications. The incident rate of these young adults ranges between 151 and 340 per month. It is very alarming that some of them who are diagnosed with hypertension never return for further follow-up visits and are at risk of debilitating complications which are preventable in later life. The objectives of this study were to determine the knowledge young adult patients have of: • hypertension • the management of hypertension • the complications of hypertension. The study adopted a descriptive, exploratory design with a quantitative approach. The research question determines the research design or approach. In this case a broad overview is necessary of the knowledge young adults at Kayamandi Clinic have on the topic of hypertension. This then serves as a platform for further in-depth studies on this phenomenon. A yes/no scale was used to collect data. The questionnaire was designed in such a way that the participants could understand all the questions. The layout of the questionnaire was easy and the questions were straightforward. The questionnaires were written in English, Xhosa and Afrikaans. After the translation of the questionnaires, a second person scrutinized it for the correctness of the Xhosa translation. An interpreter assisted with the questionnaire in the Xhosa speaking community at the time of data collection, where a language barrier was anticipated. The Cronbach’s alpha test was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. Permission was obtained from the University of Stellenbosch via the Health Research Ethical Committee ((HREC). Permission was also obtained from the Director: Department of Health, Western Cape Province and the authorities of the Cape Wine lands district. A statistician from the University of Stellenbosch was consulted regarding the data analysis and the interpretation of the data. Data was articulated in the form of frequency tables and histograms. The Spearman test was used to determine the correlation between variables. 10% of the participants used in the pilot study were from Cloetesville Clinic and 21% of the participants used for the main study were from Kayamandi Clinic, that is n=210 participants. The results of the study showed that for the n=172 participants that partook in the study, there was a correlation between complications and hypertension but no correlation on lifestyle management. Statistical associations were determined by using the Spearman test on a 95% confidence interval between various variables. The normal descriptive statistical analysis was completed. The implication of the results of this study is that high blood pressure can affect young and old people. Recommendations consist of on going health promotion and continuous education that include both old and young people. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hipertensie is aan die toeneem onder die pasiënte soos gevind in die maandelikse roetine-verslag.Die skokkende syfers soos gerapporteer in die maandelikse roetine-verslag,wys dat die aantal pasiënte met hipertensie by Kayamandi-kliniek van Januarie 2009 tot Desember 2009 was 5 754. Dit is verder geidentifiseer in die maandelikse roetine-verslag dat al hoe meer jong mense tussen die ouderdomsgroep van 18 to 40 jaar oud wat die kliniek vir ander siektetoestande besoek, met hipertensie en verwante komplikasies gediagnoseer word. Die voorkomssyfer van jongmense met hipertensie wissel tussen 151 tot 340 per maand. Dit is sorgwekkend dat sommige van die pasiënte nadat hulle met hipertensie gediagnoseer is, nie terugkeer na die kliniek vir verdere opvolgbesoeke nie en daardeur blootgestel word aan uitmêrgelende komplikasies in hul latere leeftyd wat voorkombaar is. Die doelwitte van die studie is om jong volwasse pasiënte se kennis vas te stel ten opsigte van: • hipertensie • die behandeling van hipertensie • die komplikasies van hipertensie. Die studie neem die vorm van ʼn beskrywende, verkennende ontwerp met ʼn kwantitatiewe benadering aan. Die navorsingsvraag bepaal die navorsingsontwerp of benaderring. In hierdie geval is ʼn breë oorsig nodig van die kennis van jong volwassenes by Kayamandi-kliniek oor die onderwerp aangaande hipertensie. Dit dien dan as basis vir verdere indringende studies rakende hierdie fenomeen. ʼn Ja/nee skaal is gebruik om data te versamel. Die vraelys is ontwerp op ʼn manier sodat die deelnemers dit kan verstaan. Die uitleg van die vraelys is eenvoudig en die vrae maklik. Die vraelys is geskryf in Engels,Xhosa en Afrikaans.Na die vertaling van die vraelys,is dit deur ʼn tweede person wat ook Xhosa magtig is nagegaan om die korrektheid van die vraelys te verseker. ʼn Tolk het gehelp met die vraelys ten tye van data-insamelling in die Xhosa- sprekende gemeenskap, waar taal ʼn moontlike probleem kon wees. Die Cronbach alpha- toets was gedoen om die betroubaarheid van die vraelys te toets. Ingeligte toestemming was verkry van elke deelnemer. Toestemming was verkry van die Universiteit deur middel van die Gesondheids Navorsings Etiese Kommitee (GNEK). Toestemming was ook verkry van die Direkteur: Departement van Gesondheid, Wes Kaap Provinsie en die owerhede van die Kaap Wynland streek. ʼn Statistiekus van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch was geraadpleeg aangaande die data analise. Data was geartikuleer in die vorm van frekwensies in tabelle en histogramme. Die Spearman-toets is gebruik om die korrelasie tussen variante vas te stel .10% van die deelnemers wat vir die loodprojek gebruik is, is van Cloetesville-kliniek. 21% van die deelnemers wat vir die hoofstudie gebruik is, is van die Kayamandi-kliniek , dus ʼn total van n=210 deelnemers. Die studie het bewys dat vir n=172 deelnemers wat aan die studie deelgeneem het, daar ʼn korrelasie tussen die komplikasies en die hipertensie toestand is, maar geen korrelasie met leefstylgewoontes is gevind nie. Statistiese assosiasies is bepaal deur gebruik te maak van die Spearman-toets op ʼn 95%-interval tussen verskeie variante. Die normale, beskrywende statistiese analise is voltooi. Die implikasie van die resultate van die studie, is dat hoë bloeddruk jonk en ouer mense affekteer. Aanbevelings dui op aanhoudende gesondheids promosies en voortdurende opvoeding wat jonk en ouer persone insluit.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The present study stems from a concern with the possible occurrence of alcohol abuse on a university campus. The major focus is an exploration of the drinking habits of mostly undergraduate students. An adequate understanding of the above would simplify the task of the university authorities of formulating a relevant alcohol policy and action plan. The survey involves a self-completion questionnaire. The data analysis concentrated on Pearson's correlations and chisquare tests. Significant relationships between the level of alcohol use on the one hand and gender, residence, language, other substance abuse, sport participation, religion, moral values, and sexual activity on the other hand was found. Finally a profile of high-risk, heavier drinking students are provided. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die huidige studie spruit uit 'n besorgdheid oor die voorkoms van alkohol misbruik op 'n universiteitskampus. Die primêre fokus is 'n verkenning van die drinkgewoontes van hoofsaaklik voorgraadse studente. 'n Omvattende begrip van bogenoemde sal die taak vergemaklik van die universiteitsowerhede om 'n toepaslike alkoholbeleid en -aksieplan te formuleer. Die ondersoekende studie behels 'n selfvoltooings vraelys. Die data-analise fokus op Pearson se korrelasies en chi-kwadraat toetse. Beduidende verbande is gevind tussen vlak van alkohol gebruik aan die een kant en geslag, verblyf, taal, ander substansgebruik, sportdeelname, godsdiens, morele waardes en seksuele aktiwiteit aan die ander kant. Laastens word 'n profiel van die hoë risiko, swaarder drinkende studente verstrek.