This thesis examines the persistence of the negative contrast effect (NCE), a phenomenon reported in several studies, within the framework of the Spence-Amsel frustration hypothesis.

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / The Warburg effect is defined as the propensity for cancer cells to favor glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation under aerobic conditions. Finding a way to reverse this effect would likely be very beneficial for cancer therapy. The PI3K/Akt pathway has been suggested to be responsible for the Warburg effect, and estrogen is a known regulator of this pathway. Estrogen, specifically 17 β-estradiol, has been shown to be protective at the level of the mitochondria. The purpose of this study was to try to use 17 β-estradiol to reverse aspects of the Warburg effect in two cancer lines. Various concentrations of 17 β-estradiol were added to the samples (0, 10nm, 100nm, 1μm) for various amounts of time (16-96h). Western blots probes for select subunits of the electron transport chain (ETC) showed no differences in cells with and without 17 β-estradiol across various times. Due to technical difficulties with cell lines, considerable troubleshooting was required, consuming the time available for further analysis. The available results do not suggest that 17 β-estradiol alone is able to reverse the Warburg effect.

We study the electronic band structure of bulk within a six-band bond-orbital model. All interaction parameters of this model involved are directly related to parameters for describing bulk bands near the zone center in the k¡Ep finite difference method. To study the conduction-valence band mixing effect, we calculate the electronic band structure for the InAs-GaSb superlattice, within a six-band bond-orbital model. In the InAs-AlSb-GaSb-AlSb superlattice, we find that energy-gap of this material will change rapidly with different AlSb layer thickness. This indicates that the e-X line observed in far-infrared cyclotron-resonance spectrum is originated from conduction-valence band mixing effect. This result is in good agreement with the experimental results.

Effect of On-line Promotion--A Study of 3C Products

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We measured the electronic properties of Two Dimensional Electron Gas in AlxGa1-xN/GaN ¡]x=0.18¡^heterostructures at low temperature and high magnetic field by Shubnikov-de Hass(SdH) for different width. First, we measurement the electronic properties by Ven der Pauw at 300 K and 77 K. For the series sample¡Awe found that 80 nm,100 nm,900 nm sample have PPC (positive persistent photoconductivity effect) properties. The other samples did not change carrier concentration obviously for long illumination time.

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