To have an effective response to the AIDS pandemic, interventions need to address the root causes of risk and vulnerability to HIV, including socio-cultural norms relating to the sexual behavior of men and women, but also the issue of access to education, information on prevention and health services, as well as opportunities for descent work (ILO, 2011:iii). There is a realization that each part of everyday life is affected by the disease including the workplace. Therefore measures to sustain workplaces and prolong the productive work life of People living with HIV, must be taken to great levels in the workplace. The delay by the government and the private sector response in South Africa contributed to the impact of the disease in the loss of productivity. There is a realization that through the availability of treatment, people living with HIV and AIDS can prolong their productive lives, however there is still an increased need for education, protection of rights and support from both workplaces and families. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of the Swedish company employees living with HIV and AIDS with regards to the Swedish Workplace HIV and AIDS Programme (SWHAP). A qualitative approach using a phenomenological design was the most appropriate for this study using in-depth interviews. The approach was used with the purpose of describing and understanding the complexity of the phenomenon from the participants' point of view, which in this study refers to employees who are HIV infected. To achieve the aims and objectives, one question was put forward to all participants: "What are the experiences of Swedish company employees living with HIV and AIDS regarding the Swedish Workplace HIV and AIDS Programme?" Non-probability purposive sampling was used since it was the sampling method that gave the researcher the opportunity to use her judgment. The following selection criteria was used: employees of a Swedish company in South Africa, who have been diagnosed HIV-positive, who have participated in the Swedish HIV and AIDS Workplace Programme and of any race, culture, gender or age. English was the language of first choice, however where necessary Sepedi, Setswana, Xhosa, Zulu, which researcher is conversant in was used. Nine participants were interviewed using semi-structured one-to-one interviews. The interview schedule was used to provide the researcher with a set of predetermined questions which served as an instrument to engage the participants. Furthermore each interview was voice recorded with the permission of the participants to ensure that the researcher had an accurate reference point. Through the semi-structured interviews, the interviews were transcribed and the following themes were generated. Theme one: knowledge of the Swedish Workplace HIV and AIDS Programme; theme two: sense of security about procedures of SWHAP; theme three: support services from SWHAP; and theme four: emotional experiences. Subsequently, conclusions that were made from the findings were: All participants expressed their satisfaction with the support they received from the workplace structures such as management especially the clinic nurses. There was however the observation that most participants had not disclosed their HIV status to the other co-workers, which led to the conclusion that there may still be issues with stigma in their workplaces. The experiences felt by the participants were also attributed to lack of knowledge of the SWHAP as a funding organization, but can associate it with HIV knowledge transference in the workplace, which needs to be addressed by the application of the recommendations made. Several recommendations were made to the respective workplaces and in particular the SWHAP, including that employees living with HIV need to be involved in every step of implementation of the programme in order to feel supported. Companies need to invest in continuous training of health care professionals and social workers (if any), and peer educators on the new clinical management of people living with HIV, to enable them to be up to date with the developments. Peer educators need to be provided with continuous training in educating and supporting their peers and giving of information at their level in a confidential manner. Policies should be updated regularly to ensure compliance with the legislations regulating decent work for People living with HIV. / Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Social Work and Criminology / MSW / Unrestricted

A cultural belief held that young children lack the ability to experience grief, based on the assumption that children have not yet developed to understand, or to be emotionally affected, by the concept of death. 'Disenfranchised grief', a term first coined in 1989, refers to grief that escapes notice due to emotions not finding expressive outlets. Disenfranchised grief afflicts young children in particular. The aim of this study was to provide guidelines and identify support structures that teachers can use to help a child that is experiencing grief in the Foundation Phase classroom due to loss of a parent, sibling or grandparent. Multiple case studies were utilised to investigate children's experiences with disenfranchised grief within different contexts, and existing support systems for children who suffered the loss of a loved family member. Three Grade 3 learners experiencing grief were purposively selected from a state school to participate in semi-structured individual interviews, drawings activities and verbal narratives. Three themes emerged from the data: experiences of grief, emotional experience and support. The findings indicate that children do experience grief, but need support in giving expression to their emotions, and to process their losses. Recommendation is made to teacher-training institutions to incorporate counselling as part of their teacher-training curriculum. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Early Childhood Education / MEd / Unrestricted

Erroneous decisions made by pilots during encounters with adverse weather is often cited as a cause of General Aviation accidents. Pilot experience, which can be measured in several ways, is believed to play a role in the outcome of such encounters. However, it is unclear whether any of the elements of experience alone or in combinations affect the likelihood of General Aviation accidents during actual encounters with adverse weather, or how they do so. One barrier to conclusively determining such effects is the danger in extrapolating simulation results to the real world; nearly all work done to date has used simulators to identify accident risk. Therefore, the extent to which such results can be applied to actual flying is not clear.<div><br></div><div>In this work, two conceptual models for analyzing experience and its role inencounters with adverse weather during the cruise phase of General Aviation Part 91 fixed wing operations are presented. A novel method for evaluating accident risk, specifically the likelihood that an incident turns into an accident is also presented and then used to evaluate the experience profile of 595 pilots, detailed in actual accident and incident reports from the NTSB and ASRS databases. The effect of various elements of experience, alone and in combinations, on that risk is evaluated using regression modeling. The level of significance for each experience variable is first established, and then a series of discrete models is developed to progressively evaluate accident risk along a hypothetical experience continuum. This approach obviates commonly encountered challenges with research in the area and provides results that are ecologically valid.<br></div><div><br></div><div>The focus of this research work was on the role of cognitive aspects of experience in the outcome of flights during the cruise phase of General Aviation Part 91 fixed wing flights between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015. Only flights which encountered adverse weather during the cruise phase and for which experience and/or errors in decision making were determined to be a cause or factor in the outcome were included in the study. All flights during the period that involved takeoff and landing, equipment failure or student pilots were not considered for the study. The emphasis of the research was on the effect of experience on cognitive aspects of pilot performance during adverse weather encounters, rather than “stick and rudder” skills.<br></div><div><br></div><div>It was found that variables related to the breadth or variety of pilots’ experience are more predictive of the likelihood of adverse weather encounters turning into accidents compared to those related to the duration or length of experience. While several commonly used measures of experience provide some level of insulation against accidents, the relationship between elements that define the length or duration of experience and outcomes is not linear. Furthermore, this relationship is mediated by variables that define the breadth of experience, especially at their lower levels. These findings may be leveraged to design specifically targeted regulatory or training policies and interventions to expedite the transition from novice to expert pilots in General Aviation weather-related decision making.<br></div>

Charles University, Czech Republic, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Student: Lucie Kameníková Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: Patients' experience with acupuncture treatment Background: Acupuncture, as well as other methods used in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), are on the rise. So far, there has not been a study conducted in the Czech Republic which describes patients' awareness and experience with acupuncture and other CAM methods and their attitudes to future use of these methods after having been treated with them. Aim: The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the experience of patients suffering from migraines with acupuncture. The areas covered were the patients' awareness of acupuncture, their motivation to try acupuncture as an alternative treatment method, their experience with other CAM methods as well as the likelihood of them undergoing another acupuncture treatment in the future. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with selected patients were conducted between September 19th 2015 and May 18th 2016. The interviews were coded in MAXQDA 12 programme and then evaluated using the content analysis method. Results: The thesis identifies topics connected to patients' awareness of CAM including acupuncture. It also defines the reasons for...

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic disease that affects about ten of a hundred fertile women and means a profound change and suffering for them. Endometriosis means that tissue from the endometrium ends up on other tissues and organs where it begins to grow, which leads to inflammation. Aim: The aim of the study is to shed light on women’s experience of living with endometriosis. Method: A literature-based study based on qualitative research to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. Eight articles were analyzed and resulted in two main themes and six sub-themes. Results: The results are presented in two main themes Emotional stress, which describes how women live with pain and anxiety that affect relationships and self-esteem. New challenges, that describe all the challenges women face and how they are met and distrusted by healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Women living with endometriosis need adequate information as well as emotional and instrumental support. These needs can be met when the nurse takes responsibility for nursing and provides person-centered care. / Endometrios är ett smärtsamt sjukdomstillstånd och kan innebära svårt lidande för kvinnor somlever med sin diagnos. En av tio fertila kvinnor lider av endometrios vilket motsvarar ungefär 250 000 kvinnor i Sverige (Socialstyrelsen, 2018). Eftersom sjukdomstillståndet omges av okunskap är kvinnor som lever med endometrios en utsatt grupp. Sjuksköterskan ansvarar för att tillgodose patientens grundläggande omvårdnadsbehov. Hen ansvarar även för att främja och återställa hälsa samt lindra lidande. Därutöver är sjuksköterskan skyldig att utgå från den gemensamma värdegrund som återfinns i International Council of Nurses (ICN) etiska koder i mötet med kvinnor som lever med endometrios. Åtta artiklar med kvalitativ ansats söktes framför att belysa kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med endometrios. Det resulterade i två teman; Emotionella påfrestningar och Nya utmaningar. Temat Emotionella påfrestningar innehåller tre underteman som beskriver kvinnornas upplevelse av att leva med svår smärta. Smärtan bidrog till att de blev sängliggande under flera perioder samt svårigheter att ha ett fungerande sexualliv. De upplevde även rädsla och oro för att förlora både partner och arbete. Det fanns även oro för ekonomi på grund av många sjukskrivningar. Kvinnorna beskrev även att de fick en förändrad självbild på grund av att de inte kunde leva upp till partnerns förväntningar, exempelvis skaffa barn, vilket bidrog till för sämrat självförtroende. Temat Nya utmaningar innehåller tre underteman vilka beskriver kvinnornas upplevelse av att bemötas av misstro i vårdmöten. Det innebar att de ofta blev avfärdade och fick kämpa för att få en diagnos. Kvinnorna upplevde även att det fanns brist på kunskap i mötet med vården och det innebar att de själva fick söka sin kunskap. De beskrev även svårigheten av att inte kunna arbeta och delta i sociala aktiviteter på grund av smärta och sängläge. Resultatet av studien kan bidra till ökad kunskap kring kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med smärta samt deras upplevelse av bemötande i och utanför vården. Det kan även bidra till att sjuksköterskor får möjlighet till handlingsberedskap i mötet med dessa kvinnor. Resultatet skulle kunna vara relevant oavsett vilket i vårdsammanhang kvinnorna befinner sig.

User onboarding is a concept to convince and introduce users to use an application and a way for users to understand the application and what it can be used for. This research aimed to explore whether user onboarding could increase the usage of an audiobook application, and help users to find a suitable book. To examine the research question a human-center-design method was applied. It consisted of an extensive literature study, interviews, journey mapping and iterative prototyping, which resulted in an implemented user onboarding prototype for an audiobook application. The prototype was evaluated with an A/B-test, where the user onboarding prototype was compared to another prototype without user onboarding.  Interesting results have emerged through A/B-testing. Findings in this research did not provide any significant correlation between user onboarding and increased usage of an audiobook application. However, the user onboarding motivated users to listen to books, compared to one not being exposed to a user onboarding.  Furthermore, results also revealed that the prototype with user onboarding was helping the users to find a book they were interested in. The results also showed that women who were introduced to the prototype with user onboarding were more positive to use the application again. There was a significant correlation between user onboarding and the perceived simplicity of finding an interesting book in the group of participants aged between 26 and 30. Regarding the perceived usability, findings showed that the users who were introduced to the user onboarding experienced that it was easier to find a book, felt more motivated to listen to a book, felt that the application helped them to find a book that suited them and felt that the application introduced them to the audiobook format to a greater extent than those who were not exposed to user onboarding. However, it could not be proven that there was a statistically significant difference between the group that was introduced to the user onboarding and the group that was not exposed to the user onboarding.  In this research a total of 66 people participated in the A/B-test. For future research a larger number of participants could provide interesting results, since an A/B-test benefits from a high number of participants. Some of the results were bordering to prove that there were a significant correlation between being exposed to user onboarding and greater usage of an application.

Marketers increasingly face challenges in trying to understand the decision-making processes and behaviours of those consumers located at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP). It has been proven that 73% of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) purchases are made at the point-of sale, and product packaging has been found to play a strategic role in seven of the ten in-store purchase decision criteria. Packaging is, therefore, an important basis through which companies can differentiate products from the plethora of competing brands. On average, big retailers carry 50 000 items and the typical shopper passes 300 items per minute. The packaging must, therefore, perform many of the sales tasks, making an overall favourable brand impression and experience. The research has attempted to understand the constructs of packaging and brand experience as purchasing decision criteria for FMCG products. The researcher administered 250 surveys with low-income consumers in the Star Hyper supermarket in the mining town of Carltonville. The findings demonstrated how low-income consumers have an appreciation of all product packaging as they often re-use it once the product is consumed. Furthermore, lower income consumers enjoy a greater brand experience with 'premium' product brands when compared to their brand experience levels with what they perceive to be 'cheaper' brand products. Even though a statistical weak relationship between product packaging and brand experience was found, the qualitative findings support the notion of a strong relationship as lower income consumers gain more value/greater brand experience not just out of consuming 'premium' brand products, but also from the use of the packaging for other needs afterwards. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Bakgrund: Smärta framställs som ett flerdimensionellt fenomen och det innebär att teorier och modeller visar att det finns en stark kombination av fysiska, psykiska och sociala fenomen. Sjuksköterskan ansvarar för patienternas omvårdnad och därav är det viktigt att synliggöra patienternas upplevelser av långvarig smärta för att generera betydelsefull kunskap i vårdandet av dessa patienter. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med långvarig smärta. Metod: Designen är en litteraturstudie innehållande artiklar med kvalitativt material. Databaserna som har använts för att söka fram artiklarna var Cinahl Complete och PsycINFO. Artiklarna har granskats utifrån Högskolans Kristianstad granskningsmall för kvalitativa artiklar. Artiklarna har analyserats i form av textanalys med inspiration av Fribergs analysmodell. Resultat: Att leva med långvarig smärta är komplext och innefattar flera olika komponenter av upplevelser. För att synliggöra patienters upplevelser har fyra teman tagits fram. En omställning i livet, som handlar om strategier och acceptans. Osäkerhet inför behandling, som handlar om misstro, skam och att inte få tillräckligt med information kring symtomlindring. Förändrade relationer, som handlar om besvikelser och vikten av närståendes stöd. Brist på empati i mötet med vården, som handlar om att inte bli sedd och att leva med långvarig smärta upptar all tid. Dessa teman med tillhörande subteman synliggör patienters upplevelser av att leva med långvarig smärta. Diskussion: Metoden har diskuterats och bedömts utifrån Shentons beskrivning av trovärdighetsbegrepp för kvalitativa studier. Resultatet i studien diskuteras utifrån följande fyra fynd, Att acceptera och erkänna, att sociala relationer förändras, att det finns för-och nackdelar med att medicinera och att bli sedd som en person i vården. Även etik, omvårdnad och samhällsrelevans diskuteras.

Today, brick-and-mortar retailers are facing changes, as we are moving away from a service economy towards an experience economy. These changes reshape customers´ preferences. Reatilers have shown an inability to adapt to these changes, indicating that there is a need for further insights on the subject. To address this lack of knowledge, this thesis aimed at investigating the customer experience in brick-and-mortar fashion retailers in order to obtain knowledge about how experiential offerings create perceived value and customer satisfaction, which ultimately leads to store attractiveness.  This study focused on investigating the customer experience holistically, by using the "Experience Economy 4E construct" together with three dimensions of perceived experiential value as a theoretical framework. The application of this holistic approach to the customer experience has until now been relatively unexplored, which justify the purpose of this thesis.  This qualitative study was conducted by using six semi-structured interviews. Furthermore, the emprical data collection was analysed using a thematic analysis. This generated valuable insights to which aspects were considered to create positive as well as negative feelings, which consequently affect customer satisfaction and store attractiveness.  The result showed that experiential offerings from brick-and-mortar fashion retailers create perceived experiential value, which in turn leads to customer satisfaction and store attractiveness. Furthermore, the result indicated that educational experiences, esthetic experiences and social interactions are the primary value-creating sources.

The focus of this dissertation was the study of the fleeting and incredible experiences that occur during a tourism experience that this paper refers to as Tourism Moments. In study 1, a qualitative inquiry was conducted to gain an understanding of Tourism Moments. The findings produced a conceptualization and description of the Tourism Moment experience. Four different types of Tourism Moments were identified. Further, insight was gained regarding the memorability of Tourism Moments specifically, and tourism experiences at large. In study 2, the impact of smartphone documentation on the experience and memorability of Tourism Moments was conducted. Utilizing an experimental design, several hypotheses regarding the latter were tested. First, the results showcase evidence that travelers who document their Tourism Moments with a smartphone camera negatively impact their consumption experience. Interestingly, the findings also indicate that the use of smartphone documentation significantly improves the memorability of Tourism Moments later. Additional results identified that enjoyment is a significant predictor of memory, and that sharing a Tourism Moment online does not improve its memorability. Together, study 1 and study 2 contribute greatly to both theory and industry stakeholders.<br>