Student Number : 0002189H - MA(Clin) research report - School of Human and Community Development - Faculty of Humanities / This study explored the perceptions of loveLife counselors on how HIV and AIDS has impacted on adolescent sexuality. The study further examined whether loveLife counselors thought that HIV and AIDS had changed how adolescents expressed their sexuality. The counselors’ perceptions regarding adolescents’ use of condoms during penetrative sex, being faithful to one sexual partner or abstaining from sexual relationships were also explored. In-depth interviews were conducted with loveLife counselors to understand how they think HIV and AIDS has affected adolescents’ sexual behaviour. The sampling method utilized was the nonprobability, purposive sampling. The participants consisted of five loveLife counselors, who work with adolescents. Data was analyzed by means of thematic content analysis. The loveLife counselors’ believe that adolescents have changed their attitudes about how they express sexuality as a result of HIV and AIDS. According to the counselors, HIV and AIDS infection among adolescents have decreased. HIV and AIDS have a positive impact on how adolescents sexually conduct themselves. The counselors think that adolescents are taking serious the warnings against the dangers of HIV and AIDS. This is due to the fact that they are afraid of contracting the virus and consequently suffering from the stigma that people have attached to those who are infected with the virus. As a result of that fear, the perceptions of the counselors are that the majority of adolescents are using condoms during penetrative sex, while others are being faithful to only one sexual partner. According to the counselors in most cases female adolescents initiate condom use as a way of preventing pregnancy rather than as a protective method against contracting HIV and AIDS. Adolescents are, however, finding it very difficult to abstain from sexual relationships.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in the branch of Community Health. / Tobacco is a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Smoking rates in South Africa have been increasing over the past decade. The promotion of health by targeting anti smoking campaigns at school going children is a common strategy throughout the world. The aim of this study was to examines the extent and nature of cigarette smoking in high schools in Greater Johannesburg in 1994, in order to inform health promotion programmes dealing with tobacco contro / IT2018

A relação dos odores bucais com os aspectos sociais sempre foi um fator de preocupação para a sociedade, no entanto, verificamos que apesar de existirem inúmeros trabalhos sobre a halitose na literatura nacional e internacional, poucos abordam aspectos sociais e psicológicos, principalmente em relação aos adolescentes. Este estudo teve por objetivo geral compreender como a halitose é vivenciada entre adolescentes e os reflexos na sua qualidade de vida. E como objetivos específicos: identificar os significados atribuídos pelos adolescentes à halitose e às pessoas que vivenciam tal problema; identificar o conhecimento que os adolescentes têm sobre a halitose e quais meios utilizam frente a mesma; e analisar os reflexos da halitose entre adolescentes na sua qualidade de vida. Realizamos uma construção histórico-social sobre a halitose que também abordou aspectos de sua fisiopatologia. O referencial teórico adotado foi baseado em conceitos sobre adolescência e qualidade de vida. O referencial metodológico é de natureza qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada entrevista semi-estruturada, e o tratamento dos dados baseou-se na análise de conteúdo. Encontramos nas temáticas: ?Halitose como um problema para o adolescente? e ?Cuida da sua boca senão vai levar um fora? elementos que responderam aos nossos pressupostos de que esta patologia limita a qualidade de vida de adolescentes. E como consideramos a promoção da saúde um modo de se obter qualidade de vida, sugerimos a educação em saúde como meio para atingir tal objetivo. / The relationship of the buccal odors with the social aspects was always a concern factor for the society, however, we verified countless halitosis works in the national and international literature, few approaches social and psychological aspects, mainly in relation to the adolescents. This study had for general objective, to understand as the halitosis is lived between adolescents and the reflexes in their life quality. And as specific objectives: to identify the meanings attributed by the adolescents to the halitosis and the people that live such problem; to identify the halitosis knowledge that the adolescents has and which means that they use front this problem; and to analyze the reflexes of halitosis on adolescents life quality. We accomplished a halitosis historical-social construction with aspects of treatment, prevention and etiology. The theoretical referential used was based in concepts about adolescence and quality of life. The qualitative methodology was used. For data collection semi-structured interview was used and the data treatment was based in content´s analysis. We found in the themes: \"Halitosis as a problem for the adolescent\" and \"Be careful with your mouth or get lost\" elements that answered to our presuppositions that this pathology limits the quality of adolescents\' life. And how we considered the promotion of the health a way of obtaining life quality, we suggested the education in health as middle to reach such objective.

Thesis advisor: Penny Hauser-Cram / This dissertation involved secondary analysis of data from the Early Intervention Collaborative Study (EICS), a longitudinal study of children with developmental disabilities (DD) and their families (Hauser-Cram, Warfield, Shonkoff, & Krauss, 2001). The sample for this dissertation was comprised of 133 adolescents with DD and their parents. When the target adolescent was ages 15 and 18, mothers and fathers completed measures assessing their own functioning and that of their child, as well as aspects of the home and family environment. Regression analyses were utilized to examine factors that relate to and predict functioning and well-being of adolescents with DD and that of their parents. The following research questions were addressed: (1) What parental and child factors are related to the well-being of parents of adolescents with DD? (2) How is partner satisfaction related to the parent-child relationship and family cohesion for parents of adolescents with DD? (3) How are work characteristics related to parental satisfaction with the parent-child relationship and with parental well-being? (4) What factors predict and relate to adolescent autonomy in teens with DD? Results indicated that parenting efficacy predicted parental well-being and various types of parenting stress above and beyond adolescent behavior problems. Counter to hypotheses, parent social support and adolescent autonomy did not relate to parental well-being. Additionally, the total number of adolescent behavior problems was related to greater well-being among mothers but not fathers, though externalizing behavior problems in particular related to greater total parenting stress for fathers only. Dyadic adjustment was only related to greater satisfaction with family cohesion for fathers, as was difficulty of care. For both mothers and fathers, work flexibility and job satisfaction contributed to greater parental well-being above and beyond satisfaction with the parent-child relationship. Finally, social acceptance predicted later adolescent autonomy, and adolescent self-efficacy related to autonomy above and beyond previous social acceptance. Collectively, the findings demonstrated the influence of adolescent functioning in relation to parents’ well-being, the importance of parenting efficacy for parents and peer support and self-efficacy for adolescents with disabilities, and the potential benefits of employment for this parenting group. Implications and areas for future study are discussed. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

Three studies were conducted to examine the effects of a behavioral metacognitive technique on lessening students' illusions of learning. It was proposed that students' study time strategies, and consequently, final performance on a test, in a classroom setting, could be influenced positively by having students engage in metacognitive processing via making wagers regarding their learning. A novel metacognitive paradigm was implemented in three studies during which high school Biology students made prospective (during study, prior to test) metacognitive judgments, using a "betting" paradigm. This behavioral betting paradigm asked students to select either "high confidence" or "low confidence" based on how confident they felt that they would get a Biology concept correct if they were tested later. If a student chose "high confidence" and got the answer right on a later test, then he would gain 3 points. If he chose "high confidence" and got the answer wrong, he would lose 3 points. If a student chose "low confidence," he would gain one point, regardless of accuracy. Students then made study time allocation decisions by choosing whether they needed to study a particular concept "a lot more," "a little more," or "not at all." Afterwards, students had three minutes to study whichever terms they selected for any duration during those three minutes. Finally, a performance test was administered. The results showed that people are generally good at monitoring their own knowledge, in that students performed better on items judged with high confidence bets than on items judged with low confidence bets. Data analyses compared students' Study time Intentions, Actual Study Time, and Accuracy at final test for those who were required to bet versus those who were not. Results showed that students for whom bets were required tended to select relatively longer study than for whom no bets were required. That is, the intentions of those who bet were less overconfident than those who did not bet. However, there were no differences in actual study time or, as one would subsequently expect, in final test performance between the two conditions. The data provide partial evidence of the beneficial effects of directly implementing a non-intrusive metacognitive activity in a classroom setting. Students who completed this prospective bet judgment exhibited, at least, a greater willingness to study. That is, enforcing a betting strategy can increase the deliberative processes of the learner, which in turn can lessen people's illusions of knowing. By encouraging students to deliberate about their own learning, by making prospective bets, students' study time intentions were increased. Thus, it may be helpful to encourage students explicitly to use metacognitive strategies. It was unfortunate that students did not follow through on their intentions sufficiently during actual study, however, and a variety of reasons for this breakdown are discussed. The method used in the current study could potentially benefit students in any classroom setting. Using this non-verbal, behavioral betting paradigm, students are required to engage in metacognitive processes without having to take part in an invasive intervention. The betting paradigm would be easy for teachers to incorporate into their classrooms as it can be incorporated into class work, homework, or even tests and assessments. By asking students to make confidence bets, students may engage in metacognitive processing which they may not have done spontaneously.

No description available.

Three hundred and fifty Years 10,ll and 12 students from six coeducational schools in metropolitan Melbourne were surveyed regarding their gambling behaviour with the use of a survey which included the Australian Gambling Scale (AGS) (Senn, 1996), The questionnaire also included a Gambling Activities Checklist, Superstition Scale and Leisure Activities Checklist. The first hypothesis, that being male would be a predictor of gambling fiequency and problem gambling, was not supported. However, the second hypothesis, that early age of onset of gambling, experience of a big win, family interest in gambling and superstitious beliefs would predict gambling frequency, and that gambling frequency along with the previously listed variables would predict problem gambling was partly supported. Having had an early big win, parental gambling, western superstition (but not eastern), gambling for excitement, gambling to win money and gambling with friends predicted gambling frequency. Gambling fiequency, gambling for excitement and gambling to win money predicted problem gambling. Ethnic differences were found in predictors of gambling frequency and problem gambling. Reliability analysis on the newly-developed AGS indicated high internal consistency (1 =.90). The scale needs to be validated by comparing it to a well-established problem gambling scale, such as the South Oaks Gambling Screen.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2006. / Title from title screen (site viewed Dec. 5, 2007). PDF text: vii, 178 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 10 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3271937. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title from title page (viewed Apr. 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-74).

In The Bahamas between the years 2,000 to 2007, the percentage of single mothers under the age of 20 years accounted for 11.3 – 12.7% of all births in the country. Mothers between the ages of 10 -14 years accounted for 0.1 – 0.4 % of all births and mothers age 15 -19 years accounted for 11.2 – 12.6% of all births during the same time period. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of empowerment among pregnant adolescents living in The Bahamas aged 18-19 years by testing the levels of autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, relationship with others, purpose in life and religiosity. The findings of the study may well be used to highlight areas for future research in pregnancy prevention programs for adolescents in The Bahamas. Sample: The sample for this study was 105 pregnant adolescent females 18 and 19 years of age attending ante-natal clinics in The Bahamas. Measures: The self- administered questionnaires included demographic information, obstetric history, Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being and Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith. Analyses: Data collected from the questionnaires were entered into SPSS for analysis. Descriptive statistics was obtained. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the significance among demographic data and levels autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, relationship with others, purpose in life and religiosity. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the variance explained between the number of pregnancies and level of health empowerment. Results: The Pearson’s correlation was calculated to answer the research questions of the relationship of level of autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, relationship with others, purpose in life, self acceptance, religiosity and overall health empowerment with number of pregnancies of 18 and 19 year old pregnant females. Number of pregnancies was negatively correlated with all dimensions of psychological well-being, religiosity and overall empowerment. Due to the small number in the sample with repeated pregnancy (19 of 105) the correlations were not statistically significant, except personal growth. Number of pregnancies was negatively correlated but not statistically significant with personal growth. Number of pregnancies was negatively correlated and statistically significant with current enrollment in school. Pregnancy outcome and delivery type were positively correlated and statistically significant with number of pregnancies. Overall health empowerment levels was negatively correlated with history of depression and positively correlated with religiosity. Level of education and religiosity were positively correlated and statistically significant to the level of health empowerment for the adolescents in this study. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, level of education and religiosity are predictors of levels of health empowerment and type of delivery and the outcome of the pregnancy are predictors to the number of pregnancies in pregnant adolescents 18 and 19 years old in The Bahamas.