In this thesis, I look at the use of inscriptions on stone in the Lycian peninsula during the fourth and third centuries BC, considering the effect of internal and external events on the production of inscriptions in the area, and looking at aspects of continuity and change across the two centuries. In Chapter 1, I discuss the development of the Lycian alphabet, arguing that origins of the alphabet are far more complex than has usually been believed, and involved elements of both organic development and conscious devising of letters forms. Building on the work of earlier scholars, I consider the alteration of certain letters-forms over time, and use these - and other available indications of date - to allocated number of inscriptions from different sites to 'early' or 'later' periods; the results of this work are presented in the 'harts' at the back of my thesis. In the subsequent chapters, I build on my conclusions from the first chapter to discuss certain aspects of the epigraphy of Lycia in a broadly chronological fashion, first setting out the what we know about the historical background of each period under discussion, and then considering inscriptions of particular interest. In Chapter 2, dealing with the late-fifth and early-fourth century, I look at the earliest of the Lycian epitaphs, as well as the uniquely long inscriptions of the rulers of Xanthos. I consider the development and structure of the 'building formula' which is so common in Lycian inscriptions, and how this relates to other Anatolian epigraphy. Chapter 3 looks at the effect of the internal strife in early-third century Lycia, and particularly the figure of Perikle, on the epigraphic culture of Lycia, with particular discussion of the ẽnẽ ... Xñtawata 'ruler formula', while Chapter 4 discusses the changes brought about by Hekatomnid rule over Lycia, and the beginnings of the use of Greek in private epigraphy. Finally, Chapter 5 looks at the beginning of the Ptolemaic period, arguing that Lycian continued to be used in both official and private inscriptions, and discussing the ways in which official epigraphy became more similar to that of other Greek poleis - while retaining specifically Lycian features.

Collegiate churches were founded for two essential aims: the augmentation of divine worship, and the salvation of souls. This thesis brings to light just how important material and aesthetic enrichments were in regards to these functions. The vast majority of collegiate churches in Scotland were substantially augmented around the time of their foundation. Patrons undertook significant building programmes and provided a variety of furnishings and ornaments to facilitate and enrich the services their body of clergy performed. Precise statutes were laid down in order to ensure that clergy were skilled singers and organists. Many founders also made provision for their burial within their collegiate churches so that they could garner the maximum spiritual benefit from the organisations that they had founded. To the author's knowledge, this is the first in-depth account of the art and architecture of Scottish medieval colleges. This thesis looks closely at the architecture, furnishings, rituals, music, imagery, and commemorative functions of the forty-nine collegiate churches founded in Scotland. A close concentration on this institutional form has meant that buildings, artworks, and practices which have hitherto not received significant scholarly attention have been carefully scrutinised. Furthermore, by looking at so many aspects of collegiate churches, the present study enriches an understanding of these institutions by providing a more holistic picture of their functions and significance. Ultimately this thesis examines why physical and aesthetic enrichment went hand in hand with the founding of a college, and what role this material culture had in regards to how collegiate churches functioned.

The M.A. thesis deals with the influence of Aegean textile patterns on the decoration of 18th dynasty Egyptian tombs. It attempts to provide answers to the question of a possible reconstruction of relations between the Aegean area and Egypt on the basis of this phenomenon. The first part of the thesis places textile into a broader context, dealing among others with its importance for both cultural areas and the technology of its fabrication. The second part of the thesis focuses in greater detail upon the occurrence of Aegean textile patterns in the New Kingdom, concentrating upon the tombs and the men that used these motives in their tomb decoration. The evaluation of the biographies, titles and the tombs indicates that a ceiling with Aegean textile patterns served as an element of legitimization for both the king and his officials. In the final part of the thesis I was able to establish the incorporation of the symbolic function of the Aegean textile patterns into the concept of kingship. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The aim of the disseration is to discuss forms of commemorative art. The main focus is given to the development of micro-architectural elements as well as medieval liturgical practices. The dissertation briefly summarises historical, economic and cultural factors between 1300-1450 and their influence on the rise of gentry, guilds and merchants. They, together with the royals and clergy, were becoming influential commissioners of art at that time. English sacred buildings are not as soaring as those on the European continent. Several earthquakes are taken into account when discussing this specific character of English medieval architecture. A vast church interior space encouraged a development of micro- architectural structures. Mutual influences beween macro-architecture of buildings and micro-architecure of monuments is researched on an art-historical basis. Micro-architecture in England is very ornamental indeed. The term Decorated Style is used. English churches and cathedrals are impressive in terms of size. Their interiors offer lavishness of micro-architecture. Keywords English medieval architecture. Commemorative and votive art. Chantry chapels. The Black Death. The cult of the saints in the Middle Ages.

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Li, Kin Sum. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-148). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; includes Chinese. / Title --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iv / Acknowledgement --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vii / Chronology --- p.x / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter a. --- Literature review / Chapter b. --- Introduction to Tianxingguan (TXG) Tomb2 / Chapter i. --- Importance of the tomb / Chapter ii. --- Dating of TXG Tomb2 / Chapter c. --- Defining Chu religious art / Chapter i. --- "What is ""Chu""?" / Chapter ii. --- "What is ""Chu religious art""" / Chapter d. --- Methodology / Chapter 2. --- "The drum stand, the statue and the ""tomb guardian""" --- p.21 / Chapter a. --- General introduction to three artifacts in TXG Tomb2 / Chapter b. --- The drum stand in the form of two birds on two tigers / Chapter i. --- Development of our understanding of the artistic features of the drum stand / Chapter ii. --- Its musical function / Chapter iii. --- "Contextual relationship of the drum stand: dancing, feasting, hunting, taming animals and shamanism" / Chapter c. --- The statue of an antlered bird standing on a tiger / Chapter i. --- The statue and the antlers / Chapter ii. --- Roles of the deer / Chapter 1. --- Deer and music / Chapter 2. --- Deer as mounts: transcendence and immortality / Chapter 3. --- Deer antlers as weapons / Chapter 4. --- Multifunctional deer / Chapter iii. --- Functions of the statue / Chapter d. --- "The ""tomb guardian""" / Chapter i. --- "Typology of the ""tomb guardians""" / Chapter 1. --- Single and double-animal-headed sculpture / Chapter 2. --- Human-headed sculptures / Chapter 3. --- Sculptures in human shape / Chapter 4. --- Sculptures in animal shape / Chapter 5. --- Sculptures in abstract human shape / Chapter 6. --- Miscellaneous / Chapter ii. --- "Nomenclatures and functions of the ""tomb guardians""" / Chapter 1. --- Guarding role / Chapter 2. --- Musical function / Chapter e. --- "The drum stand, the statue and the tomb guardian" / Chapter 3. --- The bird-man figure and the toad --- p.80 / Chapter a. --- General introduction to the TXG Tomb 2 lacquered bird-man figure and hybrid toad / Chapter b. --- Bird-man figures / Chapter i. --- "ossible cultural interactions among Xin'gan, Sanxingdui and Chu cultures" / Chapter ii. --- Bird-man figures in the Warring States and Haneriod / Chapter 1. --- Bird-man figures on four bronze vessels / Chapter 2. --- ossible origins of the head ornaments / Chapter 3. --- Bird-man figures' taming animals / Chapter c. --- Toads / Chapter i. --- Sanxingdui stone toad / Chapter ii. --- Frogs in Dian culture / Chapter iii. --- Toads in Chu culture / Chapter iv. --- Toads in Han art / Chapter 1. --- Toads in the legend of Xiwangmu/Queen Mother of the West / Chapter d. --- Bird-man figures and toads / Chapter 4. --- Conclusion --- p.121 / Chapter a. --- The assemblage of religious art / Chapter b. --- Hierarchies ofower andower relationships / Chapter c. --- Religious transformation / Bibliography --- p.129 / Illustrations (separate binding) / Chapter 1. --- p.2 / Chapter 2. --- p.6 / Chapter 3. --- p.42

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The text deals essentially with the workmen employed on the construction of royal tombs in the Valley of the Kings during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties in Egypt. Material from other sites and periods is used freely, but only for comparative purposes. Attention is paid, wherever possible, to placing this workforce within the context of Egyptian society as a whole, and to relating their behaviour and events concerning them to general historical developments in Egypt during the Ramesside period. The first chapter contains a survey of the documents preserved from the village of Deir el Medina, where the workmen lived, and from the sites where they worked, with attempts to classify these documents, to discuss their purpose, their use, their authorship, and the light they threw on Egyptian documentary practices in general. The following two chapters discuss the relationship between the workmen and the king, as their employer, as the head of state, and as the object of worship in the workmen's village. Succeeding chapters discuss the relationship between the workmen and the vizier, the high priest of Amon, and the local mayors, with particular attention paid to important individual officials and to changes in these relationships during the course of the period under discussion. Than evidence is collected for a discussion of the way in which workmen were recruited, and so far as possible, of the way they were punished and dismissed. This is followed by a description of the way in which the work on the tombs and the work of local supply and service staff was controlled. The final two chapters contain a collection of references to labour troubles at Deir el Medina during the Twentieth Dynasty, and an attempt to draw wider conclusions from these about the nature of employment on that site.