This thesis studies Han Dynasty stone carved tombs in Central and Eastern China. These multi-chambered tombs were constructed from carved stone slabs, and were very popular among the Han people. However, such horizontal stone structures were entirely new, and were a result of outside stimuli rather than an independent development within China. The stone carved tombs were a result of imitating royal rock-cut tombs, while the rock-cut tombs were stimulated by foreign examples. Moreover, many details of stone carved tombs also had Western features. These exotic elements were incorporated to satisfy specific requirements of the Han people, and reflected the desire to assimilate exotica within Chinese traditions. Some details within stone carved tombs showed high level of stone working technologies with Western influences. But in general the level of stone construction of the Han period was relatively low. The methods of construction showed how unfamiliar the Western system was to the Han artisans. Han Dynasty stone carved tombs were hybrids of different techniques, including timber, brick and stone works. From these variations, Han people could choose certain types of tombs to satisfy their specific ritual and economic needs. Not only structures, but also pictorial decorations of stone carved tombs were innovations. The range of image motifs is quite limited. Similar motifs can be found in almost every tomb. Such similarities were partly due to the artisans, who worked in workshops and used repertoires for the carving of images. But these also suggest that the tombs were decorated for certain purposes with a given functional template. Together with different patterns of burial objects and their settings, such images formed a way through which the Han people gave meaning to the afterworld. After their heyday, stone carved tombs ceased being constructed in the Central Plains as the Han Empire collapsed. However, they set a model for later tombs. The idea of building horizontal stone chamber tombs spread to Han borderlands, and gradually went further east to the Korean Peninsula. The legacy and spread of the Chinese masonry tradition was closely related to the political circumstances of late Han and post-Han period. The spread of stone chamber tombs in Northeast Asia is presented as a part of a long history of interactions between different parts of Eurasia.

This thesis examines Etruscan rock-cut tombs that are characteristic for inland southern Etruria and are dated from second quarter of the 6th century BC to the end of 3rd and beginning of the 2nd century BC. Thesis is focused on the architecture of the tombs, their typology, decoration, iconography and their architectural evolution. Main sites in Archaic period are necropoleis in San Giuliano, Blera, Tuscania and for Hellenistic period necropoleis in Norchia, Sovana and Castel d'Asso. Second part of thesis examines the potential of 3D recording, analysis, virtual reconstruction and virtual anastylosis for the study of the tomb façades through the case studies of the "Tomb of the Siren" from necropolis of Sovana and the "Doric Tombs" from necropolis of Norchia. Keywords Etruscans, Etruscan, rock-cut, rupestral, façade, necropolis, 3D modeling, multi-image photogrammetry, virtual reconstruction, virtual anastylosis

Yang Lu, Louise. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2009-2010, design report." / "May 2010." / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55).

No description available.

This dissertation presents a regional comparative study of the uses of Greek heroic stories as illustrated on funerary monuments of Apulia and Etruria in the fourth century BC. Founded on the grounds of contextual archaeology and reception theory, it approaches a group of Apulian red-figure vases, Etruscan sarcophagi and tomb-paintings from both regions as a means of investigating the cultural significance of the myths presented in the grave by different peoples in Italy. Moreover, this study emphasises the possible ways in which viewers engaged with the images depicted on these monuments by defining a cultural frame ('horizon of expectations') for their interpretation of the images. Further contributions include the development of a model for the interpretation of the myths depicted on Apulian red-figure vases and the prominence of the corpus of Etruscan mythological sarcophagi, a type of monument often neglected in Etruscan studies. At the end of the dissertation, it will become clear - it is expected - that there were regional preferences for particular myths and differences in both the media and the ways in which Greek myths were used and displayed during the funeral.

The present thesis describes and interprets a large corpus of ceramic material from the ongoing excavations of the University of Crete in the Iron Age necropolis of Orthi Petra, at Eleuthema, Crete. Given that the site is mostly known from preliminary reports, I offer an account of the geology and topography of Eleuthema and the surrounding region, as well as a detailed review of the archaeological remains, with particular emphasis to the Iron Age and the necropolis of Orthi Petra. The core of the study is, however, a formal analysis of ceramics from the latter site. Despite my sustained preoccupation with the chronology and typology of the Eleuthemian pottery, evidence from the whole of Crete is systematically integrated in the discussion. Hence, the analysis of the local ceramics is largely converted into a study of the Iron Age pottery of Crete. To meet the emerging challenges, I embark on building a format of ceramic analysis that facilitates and enhances the reader's understanding of my interpretation of stylistic development. I further pursue a synthetic picture for the chaíne opératoire of the local pottery by laying emphasis on its technology, as well as on the modes of and the interplay between ceramic production, dissemination and consumption. The concept of consumption is also applied to imported pottery and other classes of artefacts from the necropolis to engender a holistic and diachronic assessment of social interaction manifested in the funerary ritual held at Orthi Petra. Imported pottery is further appraised against a Cretan-wide background with regards to its origins, type, distribution and impact on local wares. Issues pertinent to the dissemination of stylistic change, the Orientalizing phenomenon and the interactions between Eleuthema and sites in the Eastern and Central Mediterranean are explored. Lastly, the history of the necropolis is outlined and the issue of the date and cause of its abandonment is reviewed.

This essay will study the cultural landscape in Falbygden during the Neolithic, focusing on the limestone plateau northeast of Mösseberg. The megalithic tombs have since long characterized the landscape and therefore been important to many cultures that have inhabited the area. By constructing the landscape the social actions can be interpreted and therefore a further understanding of why the environment is shaped the way it is. This will be achieved by comparing earlier interpretations of the megalithic landscape with possible settlement locations. Three possible settlements have been located in the landscape using this technique and by applying similar techniques more extensive mapping of the Neolithic settlements can be applied in the area.

Resume Title: Hellenistic wall painting Author: Danica Dekýšová Department: Institute for classical archeology, Charles University Supervisor: PhDr. Ladislav Stančo, PhD. Supervisor′s email: ladislav.stanco@ff.cuni.cz Abstract: The work focuses on monuments with preserved original Hellenistic paintings. It gives a description of these monuments and a detailed analysis of the extant murals. It also follows motivs used on paintings and it looks for parallels to these themes on older funerary monuments. Marginally the work deals with Roman copies of lost Hellenistic originals. Keywords: wall painting, Hellenistic tombs, Hellenistic grave stelai

This diploma thesis examines the burial architecture of selected Berber tribes of Northern Africa, namely the Garamantian and Numidian ones, within a period from 4th century B. C. to 5th century A. D. First, the Garamantian tribe and its history is introduced. Afterwards I focus on garamantian burial customes and architecture. Further I describe each types of tombs and individual monuments , thein proportions and decoration. The other important part is devoted to the Numidian tribe. Again, its history, types of burial structures and individual important monuments are described in detail. In this diploma thesis there is also a mention about tribes and monuments which influenced funeral structures and architecture of tribes in North Africa and also about buildings which were the models for these tombs. Keywords architecture, burial customs, Berbers, north Africa, tombs

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beatriz Fonseca Micsik.pdf: 20350551 bytes, checksum: dfaf22f4b11ff030434d83dca34a6921 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation aims to analyze questions about the study of rites of passage, more specifically those that involve the Dying and Death in order to outline the importance of funerary rituals in the Hindu and Egyptian civilizations. Anchored in the structures of analysis about the death of literature from the areas of Anthropology, History and Egyptology norteio my reflections on the theories developed to understand the encounters with thinking about the myth of immortality, and the relations of related strains in obtaining direct of eternal life. With that as a starting point, develop questions about the different treatments of the bodies within the funerary rituals, especially rituals of mummification made in ancient Egypt, and the cremation used by Hindus to be able to outline the importance of relations between conservation and destruction of bodies. We understand that funeral rituals are part of the collective memory of civilizations, just as the archaeological remains are part of the documents-monuments preserved for the studies of history and archeology that form the reference, since they keep the traditions of old cultures. To illustrate this concept use me iconographic references to better illustrate the permanence of these cultures. The methodology used to analyze the organization initially predicted iconographic and pictorial description of the sets of books, and photographic collections specialist, found the Internet and photos taken by me to visit the British Museum in London and the Vatican in Italy / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar questões sobre os estudos dos rituais de passagem, mais especificamente àqueles que envolvem o Morrer e a Morte com o intuito de traçar a importância dos rituais funerários nas civilizações Egípcia e Hindu. Ancorada nas estruturas de analise sobre a morte a partir de levantamento bibliográfico nas áreas de Antropologia, História e Egiptologia norteio minhas reflexões nas teorias desenvolvidas para entender os encontros com o pensar sobre o mito da imortalidade, e as relações de tensões relacionadas na obtenção do direto da vida eterna. Tendo isso como ponto inicial, desenvolvo questões sobre os diferentes tratamentos dos corpos dentro dos rituais funerários, em especial os rituais de mumificação realizados no antigo Egito, e os de cremação utilizados pelos Hindus para que se possa delinear a importância das relações entre conservação e destruição dos corpos. Podemos entender que os rituais funerários fazem parte da memória coletiva das civilizações, da mesma forma que os vestígios arqueológicos são parte dos documentos-monumentos conservados a favor dos estudos de história e arqueologia que nos constituirão referencia, uma vez que elas guardam as tradições de culturas milenares. Para ilustrar tal conceito utilizo-me de referencias iconográficas para melhor ilustrar a permanência dessas culturas. A metodologia utilizada para a análise iconográfica previu inicialmente a organização e descrição dos conjuntos imagéticos em livros, e acervos fotográficos especializados, encontrados na internet e fotos tiradas por mim em visita aos museus Britânico em Londres e do Vaticano na Itália