Taiwans whale watching industry has been prosper rapidly since 1997 while not any law administering it .Due to free market structure the resource of whale watching would be excessly exploited and the whale watching industry will not exist any more. There are three research topics on the institutional design of the industry in my article. Namely , the administering department and its related rules for whale watching industry to be established, the cost analysis for governance structure of institution, and the study of franchise for Taiwan¡¦s current whale watching industry. According to Williamson¡]1991¡^,I present three kinds of organization style¡]i.e. market ,hierarchy organization and their mixed form¡^ and their key differences to figure out the most efficient one. And finally I come to a conclusion that the franchise is the most efficient of the three kinds of organizational style and can be a reference structure for making law on Taiwan¡¦s whale watching industry.

¡¨Six Sigma¡¨ is one of the most popular quality initiatives in recent years. ¡¨Six Sigma¡¨ is based on the reducing variation to improve production process, enhance quality, reduce costs. Besides, the integration of them is viewed as a new trend in the next management wave. Six-Sigma was initially implemented by Motorola in 1987 but the whole world did not pay too much attention until GE re-started the Six-Sigma in 1995. Many enterprises in Taiwan also have been processing it since 1999. In view of the fundamental objective of the Six Sigma methodology which uplifted the competitiveness for Taiwan¡¦s industry, this thesis takes company A as an example to research this case was based on the application of the Six Sigma that has been adopted. The Six Sigma led to reduce costs of the material of process. This paper applies the Six Sigma DMAIC methodology (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) and solve the problem during the implementation. The purpose of this study was using the Six Sigma with Design of Experiment to find out the key factor to identify the optimal operating conditions of key factors for further verification of the best process capability. The results indicate that the Six Sigma DMAIC methology has greatly reduced costs of the material of process to improve the lean management system of company.

This study is to discuss ¡§The Effect of Environmental Cost on the Management Strategy of an Oil Company¡¨, using exploratory research, documentary review, case study, and interview. The purposes of the study are: to clarify the definition of environmental cost, the effect of environmental cost on refinery costs, the exposure of environmental cost of the case, and the effect of environmental cost on the management strategy. The conclusions of this study are presented as follows: 1. The influence of corporation culture on the development of environmental accounting system is important. 2. The clear definition of environmental cost is important for the integrity of environmental cost informatiom. 3. The effect of integrity of environmental cost on the management stragety is positive. 4. The environmental cost has positive effect on cost leadership strategy. 5. The consciousness of environmental protection has positive influence for the image of companies that carry out the environmental accounting. 6. The exposure of environmental cost doesn¡¦t affect the oil market sharing directly. 7. The policy of the government has significant influence on the implementation of environmental cost. The study suggestes government should set up the regulations that suitable for environmental accounting and porposes the following suggestions for enterprise: 1. To establish the culture that think highly of environmental cost. 1. To set up an environmental management performance assessment system. 3. Environmental accounting system must be integrated with the management information system tightly. 4. To build up an integrity environmental accounting system. 5. To uncover its environmental cost on the annual report to heave the image of the company. 6. To use the environmental accounting system as the basis of capital expenditure. 7. To utilize the environmental cost information to improve the refinery structure and competitive strength.

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It was an age of pursuing customer satisfaction since 1980, and moreover chasing customers` value in 21century. But how can customer satisfaction improve firm`s value? This article combines marketing and finance together through analyzing interaction between customer, systematic risk and cost of capital. The empirical evidence presented in this article implies that customer satisfaction can surely lower systematic risk and there is nonlinear relationship between CSI and systematic risk. Comparing the results for the service and nonservice industry sectors, we observe that, customer satisfaction has a greater effect on systematic risk of service sectors. In addition to satisfaction, the analysis also include advertising expense as another explanatory variable and reveals that when putting satisfaction and advertising expense into model together, systematic risk will be the lowest. When using lisrel model, it shows that customer satisfaction can lower cost of capital through cost of debt and equity together then maximize shareholder`s value.

In this paper, we present how to optimize our ARM7TDMI instruction set compatible microprocessor. The ARM7TDMI is a 32-bit microprocessor developed by ARM Ldt. It used in embedded application such as mobile phones, pager and PDAs. The ARM7 family owes its success to the combination of low power, low cost and high performance. However, as applications become more complex and integrate more and more functionality, the processor is required to provide more and more performance. We tune the hardware simply, no use complex hardware, to complete performance optimization. We use synthesis tool to synthesize our RTL design and analyze timing to fund the critical path of our microprocessor. We will describe how to optimize the critical path to increase performance.

According to Michael Porter¡¦s Competitive Advantage, only through Value Chain Analysis, a company can realize it¡¦s cost behavior and the resources needed for differentiation. Thus the company can optimize its resources usage and increase it¡¦s business activities¡¦ performance. A value chain related research indicates that when a company improves its business value activities efficiency, the cost structure of the company is also affected and changed. Therefore, besides understanding a company¡¦s each value activities before it makes the decision of its business activities¡¦ optimized combination, it should realize and control its value-activity cost variation. Due to the fast development of information technology and the speedy changing business environment, many retailers endeavor in information technology investment and application, so as to face the variety competitive threats and increase its own competitive advantages. In this situation, many retailers¡¦ business value activities are varied, which are gradually computerized or digitalized, and those retailers¡¦ value-activity costs are also changed; some kinds of costs are probably raised; some maybe reduced. The target for this research is the retail industry in Taiwan. Because the retailers¡¦ business value activities are focused on customer, market and are marketing oriented, in this research, we name it marketing value activities. From the Activity-Based Costing perspective and by literature survey, the research collected and arranged those variables for two main research constructs - ¡§Marketing Value Activities¡¨ and ¡§Marketing Activity Cost¡¨, which are the base for the research questionnaire design. This research first investigates the computerization situation of Taiwanese retailer marketing value activities and the variation situation of the marketing costs by questionnaire survey. Next, it classifies the marketing value activities and marketing cost by the computerization and variation situation respectively, using Factor Analysis. By Canonical Correlation Analysis, the research proves that the computerization of marketing value activities indeed makes marketing cost change. Furthermore, this research probes into the detail impact relationships among all classified marketing value activities and marketing cost. Through Multiple Stepwise Regression¡¦s Path Analysis and assisted with the information system hierarchy, the research constructs the path diagram of the marketing activities and marketing costs, by which we explains the influence sequence of marketing value activities and marketing costs. So that we can understand which marketing costs would be increased or decreased when one marketing value activity¡¦s computerization level is increased. And finally, we anticipate that this research would provide the retailers a referral for controlling marketing cost variation while computerizing their marketing value activities.

Expanding product variety and high customer service provision are both major challenges for manufacturers to compete in the global operating environment. In addition to reduce cost and response customers¡¦ needs quickly, redesigning products and processes so as to delay the point of product differentiation is becoming an emerging means to meet these challenges. Consequently, this is the concept of postponement. The principle of postponement calls for redesigning products and processes so that the stages of the production process in which a common process is used are prolonged. Once orders are received, manufacturers finish the final operation to address the demands of mass customization. However, the product / process redesign will produce additional costs and the trade-off between costs will make enterprises hesitate to change the points of differentiation. Moreover, when the outside conditions change, the framework of total costs also changes and the operating decisions must be reconsidered again. In this paper, we develop a simple model that captures the costs and benefits associated with the redesign strategy in various scenarios. We apply this model to discuss the following three key questions: (1). In each scenario, where is the point of differentiation in the production process¡H (2). How should a firm design its processes to lower the total cost when changing is impossible or too costly in the fast changing environment¡H (3). If an agile firm can change its mode of production to respond to the ever changing environment, how should it adjust the pattern of postponement to lower the total cost¡H Since there are wide varieties of postponement, we focus our model to analyze two different product / process redesign approaches, namely, standardization and modular design, that are motivated by many real examples. We also compare these two approaches in all respects to provide more explicit principles and directions for enterprises. Finally, we draw the following conclusions. First, in determining the stage at which the point of differentiation should occur, the key variables are the investment cost per operation and the additional cost, including the processing cost and inventory holding cost, that are resulted from postponement. The trade-off between those variables will determine the optimal postponement strategy. In the case when outside condition is unfavorable for firms, it may not be advisable to apply the principle of postponement. On the hand, when the condition is beneficial, postponement is a better choice.

Abstract E-Marketplace is a major model for B2B commerce. The thesis uses the transaction cost theory to investigate factors affecting the intention of adopting e-marketplace for Taiwanese petrochemical companies, Factors under study include characteristics of petrochemical products, the readiness of computerization in business, and attitude toward adopting e-marketplace. The results indicate that larger companies have stronger intentions than smaller ones to adopt an e-marketplace. Companies having a great demand on digitizing their procurement procedures are more willing to reduce their transaction costs through e-marketplaces. Businesses with higher degree of computerized operations require more functions in the e-marketplace. In addition, security over the Internet and the degree of collaboration among partners are also key factors. With regard to choosing a marketplace, most local petrochemical companies prefer joining the e-Marketplace, managed by large suppliers of raw materials. Based on the above observations, Chinese Petroleum Corporation, may be the largest upstream company producing petrochemical raw materials in Taiwan, may be the most suitable for offering such an e-marketplace to facilitate collaboration and alliance among companies. This also provides a means for globalization in the future.

Taiwan Coastal-Offshore Fisheries, for lack of effective fisheries conservation, which are in face of random competition and excessive exploitation of resources under vicious circle, have made resources exhausted in the sea area near Taiwan and have diminished catch of fish. CPUE (Catch per Unit of Effort) was decreased year after year because of excessive competition, so that it caused income of the fishing population to get in a crisis. The fact that we know, in order to solve effectively the operating difficult position in Coastal-Offshore Fisheries, is that the government adopt an phase-in on elimination and construction system in connection with the fishing boat and some measures of vessels reduction, for reducing amount of fishing boat and fishing effort, to promote the vitality and the competitive ability of production in Coastal-Offshore Fisheries. The basic theory of vessels reduction comes from the following backgrounds: 1. A viewpoint of economy in bio-ecology: when experts decide the whole policy according to this mode, the goal to determine fishing effort can be selected among divers fishing effort which was made by laissez-faire economy of completely free competition, Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY), and Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) . 2. A viewpoint of welfare economics: to achieve the goal of welfare economics with the thoughts of whole people, the intersection of marginal cost and average income is the most proper that we can obtain from the maximum sum of producers surplus and consumers surplus as fishing effort. 3. A viewpoint of external diseconomies: when marginal value of people is equal to marginal cost of fishing population, this point will be the most proper for fishing effort. The purpose of study in this thesis is to use a method of analysis exploring the correctness of vessels reduction program that the fishery authorities in our government execute, and to look over its effect to find out whether it has achieved the goal we expected. We have discovered the result through cost-benefit analysis of actual examples, of which the vessels reduction program to purchase the old fishing boats for lack of a complete set of other measures which based on fishing effort and fishery management in the theory of vessels reduction , will cause the measures to fail to improve remarkably these two important goals¢wto decrease the fishing pressure, and to promote the fishing gains¢win an expectable time. This study propose that the vessels reduction program could consider cutting down fishing effort with other methods for pursuing the eternal development in Coastal-Offshore Fisheries, such as to rest fishing and to carry out the measures of a complete set in a ration system, and that the effect, except the proper fishing effort made by the consideration in basic theory of vessels reduction , will be better. Furthermore, an object of vessels reduction should not only be limited to the old fishing boats over 15 years of age, but also take the ones as object which remain working at sea and have reached over 2 years of age in case of uneasy or bad operation. As before, it will be able to attain the aim of decreasing competition in fishing circles.