本研究旨在探討中高齡者智慧與樂活程度相關情形。本研究透過閱讀文獻、分析與建立研究理論架構後，以問卷調查法進行研究調查。問卷調查樣本以台灣地區之中高齡者為研究對象，有效樣本共313份，研究工具包括編修之「中高齡者智慧量表」、「中高齡者樂活程度量表」。 　　本研究統計方法為描述性統計、Cronbach’s α 信度係數、因素分析、t 考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、多元逐步迴歸分析等方法進行分析討論後，獲致研究發現，並據此得出以下結論： 一、 中高齡者智慧的內涵包括反思、情感調節、豐富多樣的經驗、利益平衡。 二、 中高齡者樂活程度內涵包括環保永續、身體安康、自我成長、理性消費、關懷平等。 三、 中高齡者年齡與智慧無關；年齡亦與樂活程度無關。 四、 已經退休之中高齡者在智慧、情感調節、身體安康、理性消費得分均較高。 五、 社會參與經驗程度與智慧、樂活程度呈現正相關。 六、 研究所學歷之中高齡者在反思、情感調節比國中以下學歷得分較高；研究所學歷者，在樂活程度的理性消費、自我成長的表現顯著高於國中以下者。 七、 中高齡者智慧的四因素，與樂活程度五因素呈現正相關，智慧越高，也會有比較高的樂活程度。 八、 越能反思、利益平衡、見多識廣的中高齡者，其樂活程度越高；並且，反思智慧在預測樂活程度過程中扮演重要的角色。 上述研究結果與建議供中高齡者、政府單位及未來研究參考。 / The main purpose of this study is to probe into the relationship between wisdom and the involvement of LOHAS for middle-aged and older adults. A survey was conducted by using the wisdom and the involvement of LOHAS for middle-aged and older adults Questionnaire in this study. 313 effective questionnaires were distributed in Taiwan. 　　The data obtained was analyzed by the statics methods including descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s α coefficient analysis, confirmative factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, tukey‘ posteriori comparison, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and multiple regression. The major findings were shown as below: 1. Essential factors of the wisdom for middle-aged and older adults include reflection, emotion-regulation, diversified experience, and the benefits balance. 2. Essential factors of the involvement of LOHAS for middle-aged and older adults include environmental protection, health, self-growth, rational consumption, equal care. 3. The higher the age, the wisdom is not higher. The higher the age, the involvement of LOHAS is not also higher. 4. The retired middle-aged and older adults have higher rating in the wisdom, emotional regulation, health, rational consumption. 5. A positive correlation is shown between the experience level of social participation and wisdom. A positive correlation is shown between the experience level of social participation and the involvement of LOHAS. 6. College graduates among the elderly in the reflection, emotional regulation, rational consumption, self-growth are higher than the Education beyond junior high school. 7. A positive correlation is shown between wisdom and the involvement of LOHAS for middle-aged and older adults. For middle-aged and older adults, the higher their wisdom is, the stronger their involvement of LOHAS. 8. The more reflection, diversified experience, the benefits balance for middle-aged and older adults, the higher the degree of their involvement of LOHAS. Besides, reflection plays an important role when predicting the extent of LOHAS involvement. Based on the research results, the researcher proposes some suggestions for middle-aged and older adults ,government, and further studies.

人口老化已是世界許多國家所面臨的挑戰之一，不僅使該國老年人口數增加，也面臨勞動力老化、勞工短缺等情形的發生。從臺灣中高齡者勞動參與情形來看，有許多中高齡工作者會在中年時期逐漸退出勞動市場，與世界各國相較，我國中高齡者勞動參與率偏低，對此，如何妥善運用中高齡人口勞動力愈趨重要。本研究從生命歷程觀點出發，將個人的勞動參與視為連續的歷程，且每個人的就業途徑是相異的，在中高齡階段有些人會選擇退休，有些人則持續在勞動市場內工作，故研究者希望能瞭解影響中高齡工作者持續參與或退出勞動市場的轉變以及個人對未來的退休意向為何，對中高齡者勞動參與情形及退休意向有更多的認識。據此，本研究目的在於：一、瞭解中高齡者勞動參與之情形，並進一步探究持續工作的中高齡者在這四年間的工作型態、職業別、行業別以及受僱身分改變之情形。二、分析影響2003年至2007年中高齡工作者持續參與或退出勞動市場之轉變的因素。三、探討目前勞動市場中高齡工作者之退休意向情形，進而分析影響個人退休意向之因素。四、依據研究成果提供相關之建議，供社會工作實務界及政策制定者做參考，以擬定相關中高齡就業之政策。 　　本研究透過衛生福利部國民健康署所進行的「臺灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查系列」2003年第五主波調查資料以及2007年第六主波調查資料進行分析，主要分析可分為三個部分：第一部份係分析中高齡者2003年至2007年勞動參與的情形，研究對象為2003年50歲至64歲到2007年時為54至68歲的中高齡者，共2,207位；第二部分則分析影響中高齡工作者勞動參與轉變的因素，研究對象為2003年50歲至64歲有工作的中高齡者，分析的樣本數共1,194位；最後，主要係分析影響中高齡工作者的退休意向的因素，研究對象針對2007年54歲至68歲有工作的中高齡者進行分析，有效樣本數為1,017位。本研究使用SPSS 20.0統計軟體，以描述性統計、卡方檢定、簡單迴歸分析和邏輯迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。綜合研究主要發現，可得到以下結論： 一、在2003年至2007年這四年間，中高齡工作者在此階段逐漸離開勞動市場；而持續就業的897位中高齡者，在職業別的改變幅度較大，工作型態的改變則較小。 二、影響中高齡工作者勞動參與轉變的因素包括：中高齡者2003年時的年齡、性別、婚姻狀況、自評健康狀況、受僱身分，以及2003年至2007年自評健康狀況轉變和老年經濟保障轉變等因素的影響。 三、影響中高齡工作者退休意向的因素包括：中高齡者2007年時的自評經濟狀況以及領取退休金等因素的影響。 　　依據本研究發現，研究者提出四點建議，作為未來擬定相關中高齡就業政策之參考：一、學習日本制定「中高齡者雇用法」，延長我國退休年限，並善用過渡性工作的概念，減少中高齡工作者在65歲之前退出勞動市場。二、設立中高齡人才中心，培養中高齡者的第二專長，提供多元的就業管道，並降低年齡歧視的刻板印象。三、經濟安全保障是中高齡者最關注之部分，應促進個人在退休前做好財務規劃，讓中高齡者退休後有穩定的經濟來源。四、培養個人的嗜好及興趣，並辦理退休準備教育的課程或方案，為個人退休後生活做好準備。 / Aging population has been a severe challenge for many countries in the world, it’s not only lets seniors increasing in the country but also faces the problems in aging labor force and labor shortage. From the situation in Taiwan older labor force participation , many of the workers will exit the labor market gradually. In comparison with each country in the world, the older labor force participation in our country is slightly low; thus, it is more important how to appropriately handle older labor force. This study start from the perspective of life course, and view the individual labor force participation as the continual course, and everyone’s employment pathway is different, someone in older will choose to retire, and someone continues to work in the labor market; therefore, this study hopes to understand the factor to affect the changes in the older workers continue to participate in the labor market or exit it and individual’s retirement conations in the future. There are four purposes in this study. First, to understand the situation in older labor force participation, and then discuss the conditions in older workers’ work styles, occupations, industries, and the changes in employee and employers identification from 2003 to 2007. Second, to analyze the factor to affect older workers continue to participate or exit the labor market from 2003 to 2007. Third, to discuss the circumstances in the older workers’ retire conations in current labor market. Last, according to the suggestions from the study results, providing the social workers and policy-makers a reference to draw up a policy concerned to older employment. This study analyzes through the Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare’s “Survey of the older in Taiwan” in 2003 the fifth wave survey information and 2007 the sixth wave survey information, and can divide into three parts. The first part analyzes the situations in older labor participation from 2003 to 2007 and the subjects are the older from 50-64 years old in 2003 to 54-68 years old in 2007, and total 2,207 people. The second part analyzes the factors to influence the changes in older workers’ labor force participation, and the subjects are the older who were 50-64 years old, and total 1,194 people. The last part analyzes the factors to influence the retire conations to older workers, and the subjects are concerned to 54-68 years older who have jobs, and the valid samples are 1,017 people. This study uses the statistic software, SPSS 20.0, and analyzes with some statistic methods like Descriptive Statistic, Chi-square Test, Simple Linear Regression and Logistic Regression Analysis. According to research results, we acquires following conclusions. First, during 2003-2007, the older workers gradually exit the labor market. In contrast, the 897 elder workers who choose to obtain employment fluctuate in large amount in occupation, and in small in work style. Second, the factor to influence the changes in older workers’ labor force participation include the older age, sex, marriage, self-heath condition, employee and employer identification in 2003, and the transition in self-health condition and senior economic guarantee during 2003-2007. Third, the factor to influence the retire conations to older workers include the older self-economy condition, the amount of pension in 2007. According to the study results , I come up with four suggestions to make references for drawing up older employment policy in the future. First, to emulate Japan to enact “Law Concerning Stabilization of Employment of Older Persons”, extending the retire age in our country, and make good use of the concept of transitional job so as to decrease the number of older workers to exit the labor market. Second, to establish the older human resource center , cultivating their second specialty, providing a diverse employment channels with the view to decreasing the stereotype in age discrimination. Third, economic safety guarantee is the most concerned part of all, and we should facilitate each individual to make good financial plan so that the older may have stable economic sources after retirement. Last, to cultivate individual’s hobbies and interests and transact the courses or projects of retire preparation education for the purpose of make perfect ready for retired life.