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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Dieter Henrich對康德<先驗演繹>B版的詮釋

孫雩龍 Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要目的在於對《純粹理性批判》B版〈先驗演繹〉的結構有一定的理解,並希望藉由這個理解能康德的哲學有進一步的掌握。 德國學者Dieter Henrich於1969所發表論文〈康德先驗演繹的證明結構〉中,對於《純粹理性批判》B版〈先驗演繹〉的論證結構提異於過往的詮釋。他以「論證重構」(argumentative reconstruction)的方式重新地闡釋了B版〈先驗演繹〉造成廣泛的迴響。 本文將順著康德在《純粹理性批判》的理路尋找出他的問題意識。第一章將描述康德所處時代的知識論困境以及他為解決此一困境所做的「哥白尼式的革命」。「哥白尼式的革命」也使得康德走向「先驗哲學」之路。 第二章首先說明康德「先驗演繹」任務。為達成「範疇作為主觀思維形式具有客觀有效性」這個任務,康德在A版〈先驗演繹〉由經驗出發,透過對「三重綜合」的分析,得出先驗統覺。再由感性構想力與先驗統覺的結合,使得對象呈顯於意識之中作為實在的表象進而完成「先驗演繹」的任務。B版則由對「聯結」的分析中向上尋找出「先驗統覺」從而推導出範疇。最後知性透過「構想力」使經驗成為可能。知性如同時間空間言形式一般,是為經驗得以可能的必要條件,因而達到先驗演繹的目的。然而,A、B兩版的〈先驗演繹〉如此的差異正導致了兩者孰為先孰為後的優越性爭議,即A、B兩版在論證結構以及對於康德哲學基本立場相適應的問題。 在A、B兩版〈先驗演繹〉的爭論中,Dieter Henrich提出對於B版〈先驗演繹〉著名的「一個證明兩個步驟」見解。他認為先驗演繹作為一個單一的論證。在20節康德論證了範疇對於一切「具有統一性的直觀」的有效性;26節所證明的是:「所有人類的感性直觀皆具有統一性」。範疇的效力達到一切人類所擁有的經驗性直觀。結合這兩個步驟,先驗演繹的完整結論:「範疇對於一切感性經驗的對象皆具有效性」,才能被達成。 透過Dieter Henrich「一個證明兩個步驟」的詮釋顯現出康德哲學「綜合統一」的特性,知性與感性作為意識活動的不可化約作為必要條件,意識活動得以被說明。如此避免了A版中先驗演繹視為某種意識理論的語意分析,或是由自我意識分析地衍生出來的成素,而保持知性與感性各自的獨立並綜合地統一於自我意識的統一性中。 最後,筆者認為將B版〈先驗演繹〉視為一個分為兩部分的單一論證是一個良好的詮釋模型,並於文末再提出另一個學者Henry E. Allison作為此種詮釋模型的另一個展示。
2

論康德的第二版〈純粹知性概念之推證〉 / On Kant's "Deduction of the Pure Concepts of Understanding" in the second edition

林正昊, Lin, Cheng Hao Unknown Date (has links)
論文摘要 〈論純粹知性概念之推證〉一章可以說是《純粹理性批判》當中最重要的章節之一。康德在這個章節中企圖證明完全根源於知性自身的純粹知性概念(也就是範疇)運用到經驗對象上的可能性,並藉此劃定認知的有效範圍。這是《純粹理性批判》企圖解決形上學紛爭的一個重要關鍵。然而,這個章節同時也是康德宣稱他花費了最大心力,並在第二版《純粹理性批判》當中完全改寫的篇章之一,在這個短短的五六十頁的篇幅當中卻包含了許多詮釋上的爭議。而本論文則以第二版〈推證〉為主要討論範圍,並嘗試回答其中三個詮釋上的問題:1. 〈推證〉是否包含了一個反懷疑論的論證?2. 第二版〈推證〉可區分出的兩個部份分別負擔了什麼任務?3. 先驗統覺在〈推證〉中扮演了什麼角色?並在確立對以上幾個問題的觀點之後,提供一個的對第二版〈推證〉的細部解釋。 為了回答這幾個問題,筆者比較了Paul Guyer、Dieter Henrich、Henry Allison等幾個詮釋者的觀點。而本論文總共包含了五個章節。第一章作為導論,介紹筆者在本論文中所欲處理的問題以及對論文所安排的架構。在第二章當中,筆者以Guyer作為一個反懷疑論式詮釋〈推證〉的類型,並指出這種詮釋方式與文本的不合之處。在第三章當中,筆者將介紹Henrich針對第二版〈推證〉所提出的「一個證明兩個步驟」的詮釋架構以及對兩個步驟的詮釋,並藉由Allison的批評,介紹另一種同樣在「一個證明兩個步驟」下且筆者認為更適當的詮釋方式。在第四章當中,筆者嘗試回答關於解釋統覺的諸問題,它們包括了統覺的含義、統覺與雜多表象的關係、統覺原理的邏輯地位、統覺原理在〈推證〉中起的作用等。在確立了以上諸觀點後,筆者在第四章和第五章當中,按照兩個步驟的架構提供一個對第二版〈推證〉的完整解釋。 / Abstract "On the Deduction of the Pure Concepts of Understanding" is widely agreed to be the most important chapter in the Critique of the Pure Reason. In this chapter Kant attempts to demonstrate that the pure concepts of understanding, namely, categories, which completely stem from understanding itself, can be applied to empirical objects and thereby define the boundary of cognition. This is critical to resolve the dispute in the metaphysics of his predecessors. However, Kant also claims that this chapter is the part, which costs him the greatest effort and which he entirely rewrites in the second edition of the Critique. There are so many controversial interpretations related to this chapter, which is yet only complied up to 50-60 pages. In this thesis I focus on Deduction in the second edition of the Critique and try to answer the following three questions about these controversies: 1. Whether the Deduction contains an anti-skeptical argument? 2. What are the tasks of the two parts respectively that can be distinguished in B-Deduction? 3. What is the role that transcendental apperception plays in the Deduction? After establishing these answers, I will contribute a detailed explanation of whole B-Deduction. In order to answer the questions, I compare the perspectives of three interpreters of Kant, namely, Paul Guyer, Dieter Henrich and Henry E. Allison. This article is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction, in which I introduce the problems that I hope to resolve and the structure of the thesis. In Chapter 2, I introduce Guyer's interpretation of Deduction, which is an anti-skeptical Model, and I will indicate that his interpretation doesn't conform to the Kant's text. In Chapter 3, I introduce Henrich's famous thesis about the structure of the B-Deduction, namely, the thesis of two-steps-in-one-proof, and his interpretation of the contents of the two steps.Then I introduce Allison's criticism against Henrich and his alternative interpretation of B-Deduction under the frame of two-steps-in-one-proof. I believe this interpretation is more consistent and more conformable to the text. In Chapter 4, I try to answer the questions about the interpretation of apperception, where the issues such as the meaning of apperception, the relation between apperception and manifold, the principle of apperception's logical status, the apperception's role in the Deduction etc. will be discussed. After establishing my perspectives about these interpretative problems, I will present a complete and detailed explanation of B-Deduction according to the two-step structure.

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