一九八○年代以來，全球經濟隨著網路資訊的快速發展，生產管理決策模式產生明顯變化，也連帶影響勞資關係與勞動穩定度。勞動者面對產業結構變遷，就業衝擊遠甚過去。 近年來，國內投資環境的改變，使得企業外移情形不斷增加，造成勞動力的需求減少，更增加失業者求職的困難度。為了獲得經濟收入，部分失業者嘗試自行創業。 創業過程充滿太多不確定性與高風險，創業者需具備相關的專業知識技能，才能減少挫折。「創業人才培育」是促使創業導向良性發展的必要之途，也是智慧經驗的傳遞，更代表著一種積極的職場教育。本文試圖從勞動面向，探討創業機制與創業人才培育的意義與貢獻，並從中探究創業與勞動價值的對話關係，正視創業在勞動議題上的積極貢獻。 我國政府創業輔導工作主要透過青輔會、中小企業處、勞委會以及原民會等，非營利組織中則是以青創總會最具代表性。而創業投資事業與創業育成中心的興起亦產生驚人效益，創業教育更扮演向下紮根培育新血的角色。本研究初步發現創業的確為勞動市場注入活水，並能提升勞動生產環境與品質，創業更使工作方式具彈性與可溝通性。此外，創業機制確對提升勞動條件發揮正面效益，且台灣具備「創業」著床的國際實力。今後，台灣應強化創業認知與創業協助措施，使創業人才培育機制能更加健全。

廠商人才培訓的探討，不論在國內外皆已成為組織研究、人力資源管理、商管等領域中極重要的研究議題之一。許多研究皆已指出台灣屬於後進學習型的國家，透過代工，不同產業在1980年代都進入全球商品鏈生產分工的半邊陲位置。然而，過去有關台灣或者經濟發展中國家如何技術學習的文獻中，很少深入討論技術接收國的廠商透過怎樣的人才培訓制度將技術深化到組織。本研究認為，員工技術學習的能力必須奠基在組織人才培訓制度的安排與制度環境的集體促進過程，一旦缺乏關照廠商人才培訓經驗的特性，將無法完整掌握臺灣企業組織技術學習的獨特性。本研究認為，要掌握台灣廠商人才培育經驗的特性，必須發展出台灣本土經驗的分析架構，而非不加反省地按照西方的觀點或者既有經濟學式的理性效率觀點進行解釋。奠基在深度訪問41家廠商，與其他相關人資協會、政府官員、教育訓練機構人員，總共72人的田野訪問資料，以及問卷調查122家廠商人才培育的經驗，試圖開展出屬於臺灣廠商人才培訓經驗的解釋框架，以掌握影響台灣後進學習廠商的人才培訓態度的制度機制以及理由邏輯。本研究發現，後進學習廠商的人才培訓經驗，必須更細緻地依照廠商在全球商品鏈的結構分工之生產技術立基(OEM/ODM)進行劃分，此相對應出的兩類「後進追趕學習」與「後進追趕創新」的組織人才培訓邏輯，可以適切地解釋台灣製造業廠商人才訓練的經驗。 / As far as firms’ training is concerned, it’s become a rather significant topic in both at home and abroad academic fields, such as organizational sociology, human resources management, and general business administration. Many studies have pointed out that Taiwan could be categorized as a “latecomer’s learning type” of country; as Taiwan’s OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers),starting in the 1980s, were joined into the global commodity chains and supply chains, and have earned semi-peripheral positions in the global division of production. However, so far, little is known about how technique-receiving countries like Taiwan pass techniques and skills into the organizational groups of people through the company’s training system. Besides that, employee skill learning heavily depends on the organizational training arrangement and instituted operational process; hence, if there is no consideration for companies’ training practices, Taiwan’s enterprise characteristics won’t be understood completely and a full picture of Taiwan’s business environment will continue to be unclear. Given a lack of related researches and references, this study emphasizes that to create a local analytical framework is more important than in light of theoretical points of view developed in Western societies or the existing efficiency viewpoint of economics-based rational interpretations. In order to explore further how manufacturing companies train their staff members and employees, this study will adopt both an in-depth interview method and questionnaires. Based on interviews with human resource managers at 41 companies, officers as well as leaders who are in charge of human resource associations and training institutes, the survey sample includes 72 interviewees. In addition, the study comprises accumulated training experiences from 122 companies as well. This research intends to not only develop an interpretative framework for Taiwan enterprises’ training experiences, but also seek out the influential mechanisms that may affect companies’ attitudes toward training. The main finding of this study needs to be emphasized is that Taiwan has a dual track of institutional logic for training; training practices that follow a level of technical foundation (which include OEMs and ODMs, Original Design Manufacturers) deeply embedded in the global commodity chain. And these OEM/ODM enterprises have developed two different training types, namely “latecomer’s pursuit of learning” and “latecomer’s pursuit of innovation”. These dual institutional logics for training could help to explain Taiwan manufacturers’ experiences appropriately.