因應全球化時代國防安全的多元挑戰，國軍長期以來始終秉持憲法所賦予的使命，不斷精實壯大，期能確保國家利益與安全的終極目標。我國國防已逐步藉由「國防轉型」邁入現代化的新紀元，無論是國防理念、軍事戰略、建軍規劃與願景，都是以「預防戰爭」為依歸，以「有效嚇阻，防衛固守」為戰略構想。國防政策仍以確保國家利益與安全目標為最高準繩，透過施政方針，來達成「預防戰爭」、「國土防衛」、「反恐制變」的基本目標。 本研究目的在於探究恐怖主義相關定義與組織概況和發展趨勢，並檢視國際、區域反恐公約及法令制定與我國參與之情形，另藉由各國反恐軍事特種部隊現況，藉以提供我國修訂反恐專法之參考，補充我國反恐怖行動法第五條之內容。 本研究發現：由於各國政治立場不一，對於恐怖主義的定義亦不盡相同，導致國際恐怖組織發動攻擊之事件頻傳，而各國反恐行動亦以設置反恐特種部隊為主。當然，國際反恐公約之合作趨勢，反映出各國修訂反恐專法的必要性，以收國際反恐法與國內反恐法之成效，惟我國應儘速通過反恐專責法令，以符合法律保留與比例原則。 另方面，我國政府在反恐行動架構中面臨實務操作上之窘境，導致地方政府與中央機關在反恐成效上難保統一行事；而以國軍參與反恐之角色與定位來說：在國防政策基本目標下之國防組織再造，國軍反恐怖協調體系呈現出組織扁平化之架構，且各特勤隊需具備學習型組織之性質，突顯出我國軍事部隊終生教育之必要。 / As the challenges of national security are being more globalized, the Ministry of National Defense of ROC has achieved remarkable success in benefiting the nation and people based on the responsibility under the Constitution. All these improvements and changes carried out in the national defense system are to keep the nation away from war and guard the homeland safely. The main policy still upholds the safeguarding of national interests and security targets as the highest criterion in order to achieve the basic objectives of “war prevention”, “homeland defense”, and “counter-terrorism and contingency response” through policy implementation and directives. The main purpose of this research is to find out the definition and development of terrorism around the world, the international counter-terrorism cooperation, and the role of the R.O.C. in the international counter-terrorism system. Furthermore, this research also provides the patterns of the counter terrorist forces around the world that derives some useful adjustments for the ROC Anti-Terrorism Law. This research discovered that since the political standpoint and the definition of terrorism of each country are different, the special forces of each country are still the main counter-terrorism power. Of course, the international cooperation of anti-terrorism brought each nation to revise its anti-terrorism law. On the other hand, our government has been facing several challenges in bringing our anti-terrorism mechanism into practice. What should be improved now is to put our Anti-Terrorism Law into effect. In addition, as anti-terrorism is a very important issue around the world, further organizational transformation such as organization flattening and continuous education must be accomplished to improve the national defense system.

面對近年來恐怖主義持續壯大及ISIS恐怖組織，由其面對孤狼恐怖主義(lone wolf terrorism)攻擊頻繁發生在世界各地，如挪威槍擊事件、波士頓馬拉松爆炸案、國內高鐵行李爆裂物及法國查理週刊等事件中，就可以看出恐怖主義在全球漫延。在2016年美國恐怖主義報告中提到，「東亞國家積極參與打擊恐怖主義，以澳大利亞、日本、馬來西亞、紐西蘭、南韓、新加坡及臺灣是全球打擊ISIS聯盟的合作夥伴。」可見我國面對恐怖主義已是美國盟友之一，並不能置身事外，需要面對未知的恐怖攻擊並想辦法應對，只有做好萬全的準備才能在發生恐攻時迅速解決。目前我國已制定初步的反恐怖行動策略，雖然在中華民國尚未發生重大的恐怖行動，我們還是必須做準備，瞭解自己有多大能量能因應能恐怖攻擊，在機制上如何上下通聯及左右協調，確保整個機制能正常運作。 國軍依行政院指導，就部隊能力及恐怖攻擊行動性質，完成反恐任務部隊整備，依令執行反恐應援任務。當國內發生恐怖攻擊事件時，依行政院國土安全應變中心任務需求，由國軍聯合作戰指揮中心派遣專責、專業、地區應變部隊，協力反恐應援任務。為防止恐怖主義對國家的威脅，必須建立相關機制及應變單位，我國國軍主要反恐任務部隊，主要為憲兵特勤隊、陸軍航特部特勤中隊及海軍陸戰隊特勤中隊等三支特勤隊，而憲兵特勤隊成立之初就是因反恐而編成，所以不論在裝備、人員、武器及訓練上都可做為國內反恐的指標。但在解嚴後的執行面漸漸被警察及海巡特勤隊取代其任務，若在恐攻發生時要如何執行反恐任務，在國家及國防部反恐機制中能否運作，憲兵本就具有軍司法警察身分，擔負協力維護治安的重任，更是國家元首的鐵衛軍，在實際上執行任務有法可依循，在國軍精減後繼續朝向「量少、質精、戰力強」的目標邁進，要如何應證憲兵特勤隊的能力，一方面需要法規及制度的配合，另一方面要完備反恐各整備，才能在關鍵時刻完成任務。 / The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate and study the role of MPSSC in the chain of command within the anti-terrorism mechanism system. Faced with escalating threat of international terrorism and ISIS regime in recent years, lone wolf terrorism attacks have frequently occurred around the globe, to name a few: the 2011 Norway attacks, Boston Marathon bombings, Taiwan high-speed rail baggage bursts and French Charlie Weekly and other events. In the 2016 United States Terrorism Report, “East Asian countries have been actively involved in the fight against terrorism, with Australia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan as partners in the global fight against ISIS.” ROC (Taiwan) has been taking important role as one of the American allies and cannot be left out of the fight. The island country is ought to be prepared for an unknown yet possible terrorist attack. Though thus far no major terrorism activities had burst out in Taiwan, the government has already proposed a preliminary strategy for anti-terrorism action, in the event of possible terrorist actions on the island. The island country must be prepared and understand how much energy it can produce to deal with terrorist attacks, as well as efficient internal coordination in the chain of command within the anti-terrorism mechanism. The ROC (Taiwan) Executive Yuan commands The island country’s National Army. The Army formulates a counter-terrorism task force in terms of its military capability and the nature of a terrorist attacks. In the event of a terrorist attacks, the Executive Yuan Homeland Security Response Center issues mission statement and the National Army Joint Operations Command Center is responsible to compose and deploy a dedicated, professional, contingency local forces. In order to prevent the threat, relevant mechanisms and contingency units are required to establish. The island country`s main anti-terrorism task force: MPSSC, the Airborne Special Service Company (ASSC) and the Chinese Marine Corps Special Service Company (CMC.SSC). The MPSSC was initially founded to fight against terrorism, therefore in terms of equipment, personnel, weapons and training can be demonstrated as a domestic anti-terrorism indicators. Yet starting in the 80s, post Martial-Law period, Wei-An Police Special Services Commando (WAPSSC) and Coast Guard Administration Special Task Unit (CGA-STU) has gradually took over in importance. In the event of a terrorist attack, the role of the MPSSC and its frame of operation within the Ministry of Defense mechanism are still not clear. The MPSSC is the military police, by its nature and the law; it is committed to the task of maintaining law and order. The MPSSC is also the iron guard of the president. After the streamline of the National Army, the goal strive to a “less, quality, strong fighting” forces is still in process. In order to prove and account for the ability of the MPSSC, a clear, regulated law and institutional cooperation in required on one hand, and a combat -ready preparation status is also required on the other hand.