企業透過併購途徑獲取併購商譽之預期經濟效益，雖然稅務上對於商譽價值的衡量，原則上以併購成本超過可辨認淨資產公平價值之剩餘列為商譽，惟企業與稅捐機關對於溢價併購之成本及被併購公司可辨認淨資產公平價值，其認定金額在稅務上雙方未能有一致性之見解，致衍生大量商譽攤銷訴訟案件，成為不利於我國企業併購發展的因素。 在實務上，往往併購交易受到資訊不對稱的限制，以致併購價格的決定，含有主觀估價預期未來的經濟效益，在此前提下，企業嗣後將難以提出客觀合理評價的證明，加上併購交易涉及複雜的產業經濟實務，稅捐機關欲確認被併購公司原本存在之商譽價值，是否已被合理評價更是困難。 為了提供企業併購前商譽價值之評估，有相近之態樣案例可循，本文依據以往商譽攤銷訟訴案例，整理企業於併購時選擇之態樣，分別統計商譽、併購成本數據及彙整企業選擇態樣之偏好等，並依據各態樣之商譽占併購成本比率，檢視企業選擇各態樣對商譽價值之評估影響。 本研究推計企業選擇不同併購態樣之商譽占併購成本比率，對企業併購前價格之評估有所參考，並對於稅捐機關審核商譽攤銷案件時，判斷企業支付遠超過可辨認淨資產公平價值之併購成本，是否符合一般企業通常合理價位，有參考比率數據可推計，以減少訟源。

「為利企業以併購進行組織調整，發揮企業經營效率」為企業併購法之立法目的，因此，第三章訂有許多租稅措施，以排除企業併購之租稅障礙。然而，實務上稅捐稽徵機關常以各種理由否准認列企業併購商譽攤銷費用，即便納稅義務人提起行政救濟，行政法院法官多認同稽徵機關主張，作出不利於納稅義務人之判決。雖最高行政法院已於100年12月份第1次庭長法官聯席會將相關爭議舉證責任的分配作出決議，此決議的合理性仍有探討空間。 本研究試圖以近三年企業併購商譽攤銷相關判決為研究範圍，首先，將實務爭議類型化，統計行政法院作出對納稅義務人不利判決之主要原因，並利用法令及財務會計準則相關規範，分析各類型判決；其次，探討前述最高行政法院100年決議內容是否合理；最後，以商譽的本質及企業併購經濟實質，提出個人建議，供後續研究及修法參考。 / “The Business Mergers and Acquisitions Law (the Law) is enacted to facilitate merger /consolidation and acquisition by a business for purposes of reorganization and optimal operation efficiency.” Therefore, there are some taxation measures which aim to get rid of obstacles in taxation during merger and acquisition in chapter 3 of Business Mergers and Acquisitions Act. However, in practice, the competent tax collection authorities usually use every argument to reject the recognition of the expense of goodwill amortization. Even that the tax-payers petition for administrative redresses, the result of judgments are often unfair to them. Although the Supreme Administrative Court rendered the resolution on the distribution of burden of proof in the first joint meeting of the President of the judges in December, 2011, the rationality of the resolution is open to question. This study takes judgments of goodwill on business mergers and acquisitions from the past three years as examples, and attempts to analyze and classify these controversies in practice into patterns. Besides, it discusses the rationality of the resolution in 2011. Last, to supply some references for the future researches and the amendments on the law, this study analyzes and provides perspectives on the goodwill generated by business mergers and acquisitions and the essence of goodwill itself.

企業併購商譽產生係由「併購公司投資成本」與「被併購公司可辨認淨資產公平價值」產生差異所致，本文先由「併購商譽攤銷」之行政訴訟進行分析，進而研究我國稅捐稽徵機關是否應當發展公平價值評價審查制度以解決相關租稅爭議。另外由於在我國102年起上市櫃公司全面採用國際財務報導準則的前提下，透由我國上市櫃公司於102年度之商譽減損測試執行狀況，將該分析結果與國際現況進行比較，試圖了解我國上市櫃公司之商譽會計政策是否隱藏併購公司高估商譽之風險，並進而探討公司負責人於併購時點所作之投資決策，是否有「經營判斷原則」之適用？在此混沌不明的過渡期間中，本文希望透過此研究而呼籲我國監理機關能盡早正視此一問題。 / M&A Goodwill arises from the difference of "M&A investment cost" and "the acquired company's identifiable net assets at fair value" .This study analyzes the administrative litigation about the " amortization of goodwill" at first. Further we study that whether the tax authority should develop the examination system of fair value evaluation to resolve disputes related to income tax. In addition , science Taiwan Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) formally announced that all listed companies must apply International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) after year 2012, we summary the the Goodwill impairments during year 2013 evaluated by the listed companies and compare with the international status ,trying to understand the listed companies`s accounting policy and weather the M&A Goodwill is without evaluation . At last, this study discuss when responsible person of the corporation high paying to the acquired company whether there is "business judgment rule" applicable? In this chaotic period, this study hopes that this research result could let FSC to notice this issue as soon as possible.