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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

影響國際合資非主導性業務管理涉入與管理機制因素之研究

官志亮, Guan, Jyh-Liang Unknown Date (has links)
在科技不斷創新與市場競爭日益激烈的趨勢下,企業透過合作方式建立策略性夥伴關係,求取資源或優勢的互補與風險與利益的共享,已成為現代企業的主要趨勢與成功的要件之一。對多國公司而言,全球化是相當昂貴的過程,必須要有效地整合許多資源才可能成功,而國際合資便是企業因應未來挑戰極為有效的競爭方式之一。 國際合資是由兩個或兩個以上母公司共同投資,所組成的一個獨立的跨國組織,具有跨文化、跨國界,以及共同管理的特質。在國際合資企業中,各母公司通常會因所提供資源與能力之差異而負責不同功能領域,母公司對自己所主導業務之管理方式較類似於一般母子公司間的管理,此過去已有諸多文獻討論;但對於由他方母公司所主導或負責業務(非主導性業務)之管理,則尚未有研究加以探討。國際合資企業的非主導性業務除經常為滿足我方母公司學習動機之所在外,我方母公司也會因受限於能力與專業,而使得該業務有較大的投機空間,因而暴露於較大的投資風險中。然而,各合資夥伴常會礙於合作氣氛的維持而不願對非主導性業務有過多的干預,因而使得合資母公司常陷於管與不管的兩難之中。因此,合資企業之非主導性業務管理的重要性便不言可喻。 本研究以非主導性業務為分析單位,從學習與防衛投資的觀點,提出一個創新的理論性架構,探討國際合資中,影響未握有該業務主導權之母公司(我方母公司),對該業務管理涉入必要性之情境因素,並以價值差距管理-資訊差距管理-潛在懲罰力運用模式(VIP模式)為分析架構,說明在不同情境因素下,我方母公司管理機制的選擇。其中管理涉入必要性的觀念便強調,在合資管理上,任何一方母公司不必要求有過大的業務控制權,適度的管理程度反而有助於在維護我方利益與維繫雙方合作氣氛下取得平衡,如此也才有助於雙方共同價值的創造,真正達到合資的利益。 藉由110家國際合資企業的實證資料分析發現,「策略重要性」、「資訊封閉性」、「業務連結性」、「心繫他方母公司」是影響我方母公司管理涉入必要性的情境因素。但該業務的過去績效會對因業務的資訊封閉性、業務主管高心繫他方母公司與高附屬利益的特質,而提高的管理涉入必要性產生負向調節效果。在管理機制的選擇上,當鑲嵌於非主導性業務上的知識為我方重要學習焦點時,建立可降低雙方資訊差距的學習機制常是我方母公司所採行的主要管理作為;當非主導性業務的資訊封閉性高時,我方母公司會提高資訊差距管理機制的比重,以降低我方母公司與該業務的資訊不對稱性;而當非主導性業務與他方母公司的業務連結程度高或該業務具有較明確的回派性時,我方母公司在管理機制的選擇上,會提高運用潛在懲罰力的比重。 本研究深入合資企業內部,探究合資企業管理的內涵,透過理論推理與實證分析,明確說明在何種情境下管理涉入必要性與管理機制之選擇,並提出鑲嵌於各非主導性業務情境下,所衍生之潛在圖利母公司行為與管理機制,有別於過去僅從雙方母公司或以單純母子公司間管理的角度,來探討國際合資企業的管理。本研究結果有助於進一步延伸過去國際合資管理理論的觸角,為複雜的跨國合資管理提供更具管理意涵的理論。
2

入股後衝突管理之研究-血液透析國際合資個案之分析 / Conflict management in In-Stake Equity JVs - The case of a hemodialysis international JV

李俐洋, Lee ,Li Young Unknown Date (has links)
全球化的風潮於2000年代形成主流,各國貿易上的比較優勢,已不能保障企業的基業長青,能整合全球資源的企業才能維持長久的競爭力。隨著經濟活動全球化的趨勢明顯,知識經濟急速發展,產業環境遽變,許多企業運用購併策略爭取時效,迅速地進入市場,快速達成企業成長目標。企業購併的類型中,以合資模式的管理規劃最複雜,整合難度也最高。由於合資本身並不能立即為公司帶來具體效益,往往入股後之整合才是創造合資價值的開始。近年台灣地區醫療市場快速成長,吸引國內外業者紛紛搶進台灣市場,但自全民健保總額給付制度實施以來,健保支付點值逐年下降,影響業者營運收入,因而許多企業進入台灣醫療市場後,為快速取得市場,追求規模經濟,選擇與台灣當地企業合作的合資模式。而企業之合資成功與否,除了合資前策略之評估,入股後的整合管理更是合資成敗的關鍵所在。 由於近年來,不論國內或國外業者合資頻繁,而入股後失敗的機率居高不下,本研究嘗試藉由血液透析之國際合資個案,深入探討入股後面臨的管理問題,試圖提供業界在合資管理上的參考資料。基於上述研究目的,本研究擬探討下列問題,以提高整合績效降低入股後失敗的風險: 一、 入股後發生何種衝突問題?造成原因為何?可採用那些有效整合方法? 二、 如何採取整合行動,以促進入股後綜效之發揮?執行步驟為何? 國際企業合資之合作模式,常因合夥人背景與文化特質,使合資關係缺乏合作的互信基礎,和欠缺對經營管理的價值認同。在缺乏互信和價值認同的合資關係下,共同經營管理合資企業時,尤其對非主導性之業務,對其投機行為之管理成本必然很高,並產生許多管理上的衝突。本研究發現在合資管理上之衝突類型有二:其一為影響營運成效的衝突;其二為影響組織效率的衝突。 國際合資模式對選擇合資夥伴需具備策略性的考量及評估,事前於合資契約中明確議訂合資經營模式、董事會結構、及管理架構,在合資的管理機制上,由雙方母公司組成的董事會,扮演監督的角色鮮明,有助於衝突管理及合資綜效之發揮。此外,針對入股後合資管理如何訂立整合行動之執行步驟,以提升入股後管理績效,提供下列幾點建議: 1. 由董事會訂立合資存續期間競業禁止之懲罰性條款。 2. 由決策核心主導資訊分享平台以建立互信。 3. 依合資雙方特質慎選具整合能力之指派經理人。 4. 設立專責單位負責文化整合。 5. 依事中管理達成之共識,擬訂內部執行準則,隨時更新,並列入新進主管受訓項目,以降低合資管理之學習成本。 6. 母公司安排子公司經理人定期受訓,傳達經營策略及企業文化。 針對因欠缺互信及價值認知差異造成的管理問題,建議在合資管理的整合行動,由最高管理層級主導建立互信的任務,同時需慎選合資企業指派之經理人,扮演溝通協調及推展整合行動的角色,尤其著力於專案執行文化的融合,發展整合後自有之企業文化,以尋求在合資關係中建立互信、在內部管理中減少歧見,在共識的基礎上發揮合資之綜效。 / The comparative advantage of international trading no longer guarantees the everlasting foundation of entrepreneur in the wake of the mainstay of globalization trend established in the 2000s. Key to remain perpetual competitive advantage relies on the corporate capability to integrate global resource. As the trend of globalized economic activities gets obvious, along with rapid development of intellectual economy and dramatic change of industrial environment, acquisition and merge strategy becomes the solution for many entrepreneurs to trade in for timing, enter market and rapidly attain growth target. The administrative planning of joint venture is regarded as the most complicate and difficult integration among all kinds of acquisition and merge. Post-investment integration often triggers the value of joint venture, which can not immediately bring in concrete benefit for the company by itself. The rapid growth of medical market in Taiwan in recent years has wooed the participation of domestic and foreign businesses for Taiwanese market. Since the implementation of global budget reimbursement system by Bureau of National Health Insurance, the business revenue is badly affected by year-by-year reduction of disbursing value. As a result, many businesses choose to join venture with local Taiwanese businesses after entering medical market to rapidly grow its share and reach economic scale. The key to the success of joint venture business depends on post-investment integrated administration in addition to its pre-investment strategic evaluation. Since the odds of post-investment failure case is outrageously high among all joint ventures domestically and abroad in recent years, the study explores in depth administrative issues that occur after investment made and endeavors to offer business players a reference of joint venture administration through the international joint-venture case of blood dialysis. Based on above purpose, this study proposes to tackle following issues and reduce the risk of joint-venture failure by improved integrated performance: 1. What kind of conflict is found after investment and its cause? What are effective integrated approaches available? 2. How shall we take integrated action to promote post-investment combined effectiveness? And what are step-by-step procedures? Different backgrounds and cultural characters of business partners in the cooperation of international business joint ventures undermine their relationship by the lack of mutual trust in cooperation as well as recognized value of business management. The conflict of administration is often observed among partners of joint venture business in short of mutual trust and recognized value, especially in the non-predominant sectors where the management cost of speculative behavior is inevitably high. Two kinds of conflict in joint-venture management: the first is the conflict affecting operational performance, and the second is the one affecting organizational efficiency. Partners-to-be for international joint-venture business are required to have strategic thinking and evaluation. A prior contract definitely defining the method of joint-venture operation, structure for board of directors and managerial infrastructure, and in terms of management mechanism, the well-defined role of supervision by board of directors established by parent companies helps prevent conflicted management and create combined effectiveness. In addition, following suggestions are provided to enhance post-investment management performance with regard to how a step-by-step procedure for integrated action is formed by joint-venture management team: 1. A punitive clause formulated by board of directors to forbid intra-competition during official period of joint venture. 2. An information-sharing platform established by top brass to build up mutual trust. 3. Assign managers with integrated capability based on the characteristics of both parties. 4. Establish an ad-hoc team responsible for cultural integration. 5. Based on consensus reached by in-task management, develop internal executing standards to be updated frequently and listed as training subject for newly-hired managers to reduce learning cost of joint-venture management. 6. Parent company offers periodical training for managers from subsidiary company to cascade operational strategy and corporate culture. In terms of management issues occurred by lack of mutual trust as well as gap of recognized value, the integrated action from join-venture management team is suggested to kick off building of mutual trust by the top management level, and discreetly assign managers to joint-venture business for the effective role of internal communication and promoting integration, especially taking on the fusion of project execution culture, and developing an unique corporate culture post integration, to build up mutual trust in joint-venture relation, minimize disagreement within internal management, and attain combined effectiveness of joint venture through consensus.
3

中外合資事業績效影響因素之研究 / The Determinants of International Joint Venture Performance in Taiwan

吳習文, Wu,Shi Wen Unknown Date (has links)
國際合資對臺灣企業邁向國際化,提升產業競爭力具有策略上的含義,但 完整性地探討合資績效影響因素之文獻付之闕如。本研究的目的即在於了 解在臺國際合資事業的特性,並研究合資公司特性、母公司與合資公司的 關係、母公司間的關係及產業環境等因素對在臺國際合資事業績效之影響 。本研究的研究對象為截至民國82年11底止,經濟部投資審議委員會登記 有案之外商來臺投資,與本國廠商共同出資所成立之合資公司,符合本研 究條件者計有 186家公司。本研究選用之統計方法有描述性統計、因素分 析、集群分析、多變項變異數分析、Fisher的正準檢定、 t檢定及羅吉斯 迴歸。本研究的結論如下:一、在臺中外合資事業的特性樣本公司外資來 源以日本高居首位,成立年數多在十年以內,股權配置以50-50最多 ,大多數股權配置未曾變動過,且規模遍及於大、中及小型企業。樣本公 司產品出口比例多在10%以內,母公司個數以二個居多,大多數樣本公司 和母公司間有水平相關,且獨立運作合資最多,來自外國母公司之高階主 管佔全部高階主管的比例多在25%以內。約一半樣本公司之母公司間,在 合資前並無任何關係,且母公司的貢獻幾乎都屬於互補長短型。二、影響 在臺中外合資事業績效之因素經由羅吉斯迴歸分析結果,發現在臺中外合 資事業高低績效滿意程度之因素,計有母公司數目、母公司規模差異及產 業環境等。當母公司個數為二、母公司規模差異愈大及產業愈具吸引力時 ,合資公司高績效的可能性就愈高。
4

由中外合資走向外商獨資 -以在中國之國際快遞業為例 / From IJVs to WFOE: World Express Enterprises in China

徐崇寶, Hsu,Chung Pao Unknown Date (has links)
有鑒於中國政府相關政策限制或是中國市場獨特的機會和風險,合資企業(Joint Ventures,JV)一直是外商直接投資中國相當重要的一種形式。就實務上而言,在企業的國際化過程中,廠商經常為因應快速的技術創新與市場的全球化,或為降低風險、規避地主國政府限制、學習等因素,而與地主國之企業合作,其中國際合資(International Joint Ventures, IJVs)模式是最直接、最密切的合作形式,也是企業國際化時,最常採用的海外進入模式之一。 近年來,外商對華直接投資中獨資企業比重大幅上升,或併購中外合資企業中方資產、轉化為外商獨資企業或外商控股企業的案例迅速增加,外資對華投資的獨資化逐漸成為趨勢。外商為了獲得高利潤,基於制度變遷、資源依賴程度、企業的控制力、交易成本等方面的考慮,會傾向選擇獨資化的投資方式(李維安,李寶權,2003)。因此衍生出本研究之研究問題:「中外合資企業在中國運作多年後,何以外方能將合資公司轉變為外方100%獨資之公司?」 本研究試圖將IJVs形成目的、形成後階段與外資在中國合資企業中的獨資傾向做連結,嘗試去發掘是否因為一些預期或非預期因素,使得合資公司控制結構不平衡,進而造成於中國的中外合資公司獨資化現象。本研究將站在中方合夥人的角度,分析中外合資企業不穩定性的原因。 透過企業訪談及資料收集研究後,本研究整理出一些因素,這些因素有利於去解釋外商將它們與地主國企業之合資公司轉變為外商全資子公司的可能原因,解釋進入中國之後外商股權形式之轉變,另外也提供了獨資化現象的具體證據。 研究結果所討論的幾項外商獨資化因素因素: (一) 外方合資目的之達成 1. 政策開放 2. 已獲取當地市場知識 (二) 雙方資源貢獻不均 1. 外方提供關鍵技術 2. 外方之全球配銷系統所形成的獨佔力 (三) 外在環境開放對外方有利 1. 外在環境不確定性降低-地主國政策之改變 2. 產業競爭態勢之改變 (四) 夥伴關係不再重要 1. 中外雙方學習程度之不同 2. 外方逐漸降低對中方合資夥伴之依賴 上述任一項因素都會引起合資雙方談判力、雙方衝突及對合資夥伴之依賴程度發生變化,進而影響該合資公司之控制結構。 從本研究之個案就可以發現,因為上述幾項因素,隨著合資時間之增加,導致合資公司的中方雖然佔有跟外方相同的股份,卻會逐漸失去其在合資公司之相對談判力、擁有較低的合資公司管理控制程度。
5

企業以國際合資方式發展新事業之研究-組織學習的觀點 / A study on new business development in the form of international joint venture - in the view of organizational learning

楊淇筠 Unknown Date (has links)
觀察國內連鎖服務業近二十年來的發展,由於台灣生活水準的提高,服務業也更為精緻化、多元化,除了本土的連鎖服務業種類與品牌日亦增加,也有愈來愈多的跨國連鎖服務業透過合資、授權或在台設立分公司的方式進入台灣市場。以目前國內連鎖餐飲業的發展情況來看,已有不少跨國企業成功將餐飲文化與標準化餐飲管理技術帶入台灣,包括麥當勞與肯德基、T.G.I. Friday’s、摩斯漢堡、Afternoon Tea、Cold Stone,Burger King等,這些國外品牌成功的融合台灣在地文化在台灣市場穩定發展,並促使台灣餐飲業更注重消費者的感受與服務品質。 然而,國外企業要進入台灣市場必定會面臨一些環境差異的挑戰,因此許多國際品牌選擇以合資的方式和本地企業合作以順利擴張其品牌營運範圍。國內亦有不少企業集團以合資方式和名國際品牌合作發展新事業,一方面能學習到國外品牌企業之經營知識技術,並獲得品牌知名度的優勢;另一方面則可善用集團內部的資源。相較於自行發展品牌進入不熟悉的領域,此種做法能減少風險並增加效率。然而,由於合資的原故,新事業的發展必然也會受到國外企業的牽制與規範,從初期技術轉移、經營模式到未來的策略選擇方面,可能都會面臨一些困難與挑戰。   本研究以本地企業和國際品牌企業合資引進國外品牌,並建立新事業之過程做為主軸,以組織學習的觀點探究其新事業營運模式之建立過程。本研究主要獲得以下結論: 1. 台灣企業以國際合資方式引進國外品牌建之新事業,初期團隊的經營幹部大部分由台灣母公司指派,且組織扁平化。 2. 以合資方式引進國外品牌的新事業享有當地與海外母公司的雙重資源,在品牌理念方面深受外資企業的影響,但在經營管理方面則會融合兩方的特色。 3. 國際合資新事業的初期籌備著重於向品牌方學習相關的知識技術,是以模仿學習為主,之後則會從經驗中學習,配合環境做出調整。 4. 在新事業建立初期,若國外品牌方能夠提供教育訓練或提供人力於營運當地協助,將有助於合資新事業快速學習知識並建立營運模式。而長期經營則有賴良好的溝通機制使得雙方的知識交流能持續不斷。 5. 國際合資新事業由於引進品牌在當地經營,在不違背國外品牌企業的限制下,會做適度的在地化,也因產生創新。以相關多角化發展合資新事業的企業,由於集團內部的互補資源較多,將有助於合資新事業創新的產生。 / With the improving standard of living in Taiwan, the chain-store industry has become more delicate and more diverse. The number of local chain-store brands has increased, and more and more multinational chain services companies have entered Taiwan market with the forms of joint ventures, licensing or setting up branches. Many multinational companies have successfully brought the food cultures and the food management technology into Taiwan, such as McDonald's, Kentucky Fried Chicken, TGI Friday's, Mos Burger, Afternoon Tea, Cold Stone, Burger King, etc. These foreign brands have successful adapted the Taiwanese culture and have been developing stably in Taiwan. They also have inspired Taiwan's restaurants to pay more attention to the feelings of consumers and the service quality. However, due to the differences of market natures, foreign enterprises face some challenges as they enter the Taiwan market. For the reason, many international brands set up joint ventures with local enterprises to expand their business territory. Some domestic enterprises also develop their new businesses through international joint ventures. In this way, they not only can learn knowledge and skills from the foreign brands, but also can utilize their intra-group resources. By establishing international joint ventures reduce risk and increase efficiency, the domestic enterprises want to enter an unfamiliar area. New business development, however, will necessarily be restricted by the foreign enterprises, from the initial transfer of technology, operational strategy, and the future choice, and this development may face some difficulties and challenges. The study focuses on the process of the domestic enterprises when they build new business with international joint ventures. The main literature in this study includes international new business venture, organizational learning, and creative value. There are several conclusions from the study: 1. The organization of the initial team of the Taiwanese enterprises which builds the brand new business through international joint venture is flat. Most of the management cadres of the initial team come from the Taiwan’s parent company.   2. The new business which introduces foreign brand with international joint ventures enjoys the dual resources, the brand concept will influence deeply by foreign company, but the management will be integrated in the operating characteristics of the two sides. 3. International new business venture learn knowledge from the brand company at early stage, focusing on learning from imitation, but later would learn from experience, and adapt to the environment. 4. If the foreign brands are able to provide education, training or providing manpower to assistant in Taiwan, the new business venture will learn quickly and easy to establish the business model. The long-term business relies on good communication mechanism to allow the exchange of knowledge of both sides continuously. 5. International joint venture will localize, but not violate the constraints of foreign brands, so it produces innovation. The companies which develop joint new business ventures with related diversification are easy to produce innovation because there are more complementary resources in the companies.

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