本研究的目的是希望在第二十七號公報正式適用（八十七年十二月三十一日）之前，探討國內上市公司與銀行業會計人員對衍生性金融商品的認知程度，並瞭解其差異。另一目的則是希望瞭解企業依照第二十七號公報之要求揭露衍生性金融商品時，最難決定之事項及對第二十七號公報的看法。 本研究以問卷為資料收集的工具，其中「認知能力」定義為會計人員對衍生性金融商品的瞭解程度，而瞭解程度的高低，一種為會計人員自已主觀的衡量，另一種則依據會計人員在問卷第五部份「衍生性金融商品基本知識」測驗答對題數來判定。答對題數之高低，可作為會計人員瞭解衍生性金融商品程度之指標。 在回收的106份問卷中，只有2位（佔2.3%）會計人員不知道什麼是衍生性金融商品。至於造成會計人員對衍生性金融商品認知與瞭解程度差異的原因，經統計檢定後，有以下幾項： (1)企業的型態， (2)會計人員熟悉衍生性金融商品的程度， (3)會計人員認定衍生性金融商品的能力， (4)會計人員是否接受衍生性金融商品相關訓練，及 (5)企業目前使用（或過去使用過）衍生性金融商品與否。 大約有八成的會計人員在會計處理過程中，主要是依據「揭露要點」來判斷某項金融商品是否為衍生性金融商品。在目前使用（或使用過）衍生性金融商品的企業中，大約有六成的會計人員認為依照第二十七號公報揭露衍生性金融商品時，最難決定的項目為各商品的財務風險，而未曾使用過衍生性金融商品的企業中，亦有六成會計人員認為各類商品的財務風險最難決定。 影響會計人員對衍生性金融商品的認知與瞭解能力的因素中，有一項為會計人員是否接受衍生性金融商品的相關訓練，由此可知，提昇會計人員對衍生性金融商品瞭解的方法就是加強其有關衍生性金融商品的訓練。會計人員對衍生性金融商品的瞭解程度超高，將可增進其對衍生性金融商品的認定、會計處理、甚至報導的能力。 / In recent years, many derivative financial instruments (DFI) have been introduced into the domestic market. While transaction volumes of DFI are increasing, the relative risk enterprises expose to is increasing. Under this circumstance, accountants' understanding ofDFI becomes more and more important to the users of financial statement. If an accountant understands DFI well enough, he/she can adequately report the transactions ofDFI and, therefore, users of financial statements can properly assess the risk the enterprise faces. In this study, the author investigated the extent of the accountants understanding DFI and their ability to adequately report DFI transactions in accordance with the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No.27 in ROC. The author used questionnaire as a tool in gathering data. Questionnaires are sent to the accountants of listed companies and companies in banking industries in Taiwan. Two indexes are used in measuring the extent of the accountants' understanding about DFI. One is a five-scale measurement to be filled by the accountants evaluating their own capability. The other is the number of correctly answered questions about DFI by the accountants, in addition, the accounts are asked weather they have the capability of adequately disclosing DFI transactions in accordance with the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No.27 in ROC. The Results of this research can be concluded as follow: 1. Generally speaking, the extent of the accountants understanding DFI is moderate. 2. The accountants in the enterprises involve in DFI transactions understand DFI better than those in the enterprises not involve in DFI transactions. 3.The accountants have difficulties to report DFI in accordance with the statement of financial accounting standard No.27 in ROC.