本篇論文藉由文獻探討與迴歸分析探討法人與散戶的投資偏好與行為的不同而造成的報酬上的差異，本文共收集了54篇探討法人與散戶投資行為和選股偏好的文獻並進行整理，其54篇文獻細分成三個方向探討投資人的投資行為：交易策略、認知與情緒偏誤和訊息內含。由文獻的整理中發現，法人與散戶的投資報酬差異確實與交易策略和選股偏好相關，相較於散戶，法人具有資訊與資源上的優勢，所以他們較能夠在面臨投資和選股決策時，做出正確的決定。然而，散戶在資訊的取得上相較法人處於劣勢，所以在做決策時較為不明確，並且由統計數據來看，散戶的部位通常與法人為相反的，所以散戶通常為法人提供流動性，並且因此得到較差的報酬。 而行為財務學的角度來看，法人和散戶皆有不理性的投資行為，而這些不理性的行為皆會為他們招致較低的投資報酬，而法人有較高的投資報酬率並非因為他們理性，而是因為相較於散戶，法人的不理性程度較為低的原因。既然由行為財務學的觀點來看大家皆是不理性的，便推論法人與散戶的報酬差異是來自選股的偏好，在第四部分以台灣經濟新報658家上市公司的資料進行迴歸分析以探討台灣法人、散戶與外資的選股偏好，結果顯示法人和散戶偏好依據其週轉率、公司規模、本益比、股價波動度與股利殖利率有所不同，而外資法人的偏好則與國內法人類似。 / This paper surveys the literatures relating to the investment preference and performance between institutional and individual investors in order to determine the reason of return disparity. 54 papers are surveyed to understand the preference and performance through three aspects: trading strategies, cognitive and emotional biases, and information content. Disparity of returns is due to trading behaviors and stock preferences. Institutional investors tend to be informed and make correct decision when trading. However, individual investors tend to invest in the opposite direction to institutions and provide liquidity for them. Therefore, institutional investor have better performance due to their less irrational behaviors and correct selection of underlying objects. In the fourth part, using data of 658 listed equities from Taiwan Economic Journal from Taiwan’s stock market, we investigate the relation between investors’ ownership and financial indicators. The regression analysis shows that the stock preferences between individual and institutional investor are different. Results indicate that institutional and individual investors have distinct preferences based on turnover rate, size, price to earnings per share ratio, stock volatility, and dividend yield. Foreign institutions’ stock selection preference is similar to domestic institutions.