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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

傳統與摩登之間──日治時期臺灣的珈琲店與女給 / Between the tradition and modern-- cafe and waitress of Japanese-occupied Taiwan

廖怡錚 Unknown Date (has links)
1930年代的臺灣,緊跟著日本內地的腳步,吹起了珈琲店消費的流行風潮。不僅在報章雜誌上出現許多以珈琲店(カフェー)與女給為主題的討論,甚至出現「珈琲店時代」或是「女給時代」的稱呼。珈琲店空間的營造,以及女給職業的出現,對當時臺灣社會帶來何種影響?與現今對於「咖啡館」的認知有何差異?當時的社會大眾又是如何看待新興的珈琲店與女給行業? 在地理位置的分布上,珈琲店多半位於都市內部的繁華街道、車站、公園、河岸等交通便利、風景優美之處;而在勞力聚集的港口、礦區附近也有不少的珈琲店家聚集。空間設計則是強調西洋風味,以洋房建築、吧檯洋酒、留聲機、爵士樂、彩色玻璃、華麗吊燈等西洋物質的置入,塑造出擬似西洋空間的消費氛圍,使顧客彷彿置身於異國,得以與日常生活的空間、工作雜務的煩憂作出隔離,放鬆緊繃的神經,同女給耳語絮絮,撫慰身心。然而,除西洋元素的置入外,和式特色的空間配置也巧妙的融合其中,如閑靜的庭園假山水、適合團體聚會宴飲、表演的和風疊敷客室等;充分呈現出和洋折衷的景緻。另外,栽植椰子樹、設置噴泉、冰柱等設計,更是因應臺灣炙熱的氣候所出現的景觀,希望能帶給顧客清涼、消暑的視覺感受。整體而言,臺灣珈琲店的空間承繼自日本內地和洋折衷的型態,加上南國風情的地方特色,構築出西洋、日本、臺灣三地元素混融的珈琲店樣貌。 除此之外,觀察珈琲店文化中的人際互動,不難發現女給一職的曖昧性與中間角色。「女給」的職業定義,雖然是在珈琲店內從事「飲食陪侍服務」,實際上卻是提供顧客一種擬似戀愛的遊戲關係。顧客可以將女給視為暫時的戀愛對象,享受情感甚至是肉體上的慾望滿足。由於女給與顧客的戀愛遊戲,是建立於金錢交易的基礎之上,毋須背負道德責任;是故,當顧客踏出珈琲店外,與金錢等價的服務時間結束後,關係亦應宣告終止,雙方皆回歸各自的生活軌道。然而,將現實生活與虛擬的戀愛遊戲關係相互連接的人亦不在少數,其所引發的拋棄家庭、傾家蕩產、詐騙財色、犯罪事件等案例,逐漸使得前往珈琲店消費一事,充滿著危險的誘惑與陷阱。女給遊走於花柳界邊緣的職業內涵,使其無法成為社會大眾所認知的單純、高尚的職業婦人。又,顧客對於女給所抱持的想像,既要有別於傳統的摩登氣味,又排斥摩登女性所高唱的男女平等、女性解放等新思維,導致女給們必須在傳統與摩登之間,衡量出最能被當時男性顧客所接受的混融特質。 綜觀日治時期臺灣珈琲店與女給的內涵,其混融與曖昧的性質十分明顯。過去討論珈琲店的社會功能,往往援引哈伯瑪斯(Habermas, Jürgen)討論公共領域的功能。然而筆者認為,日治時期臺灣的珈琲店並非與現今咖啡館的歷史一脈相連,以哈伯瑪斯的說法進行珈琲店的歷史角色詮釋可能有欠考量。是故,本文最後提出珈琲店文化中看似對立,實際上卻共存於其中的概念,分別為:傳統與摩登、公共領域與私人空間、消費與被消費三大主題,從中探討日治時期臺灣珈琲店文化的混融與過渡。
2

中國大陸高校獨立學院的發展與角色

吳佳芬 Unknown Date (has links)
第二次世界大戰結束後,受到全球人口暴增、教育機會均等理念與人力資源理論等因素的影響,世界各國紛紛致力於發展高等教育,以滿足民眾對高等教育的需求。一九八○年代開始,由於全球化與知識經濟時代的快速發展,各國對勞動力人口的需求,轉向以智力為依托的高素質人才成為策動經濟發展的動力,這更加深高等教育擴張的力道。而高等教育的擴張,致使大學需要容納社會更多樣化的需求,傳統大學以培育菁英領導階層為主的功能,也慢慢轉變成包含了民眾職業訓練的準備,為各個專業領域培養經濟發展所需要的人才。 受到全球高等教育擴張與大眾化風潮的影響,自九○年代以來,中國大陸便開始大力發展高等教育,以求人力資源的大量提升。一九九九年一月,國務院批轉教育部《面向二十一世紀教育振興行動計畫》,明確提出到二○一○年高等教育入學率將達到適齡青年的15%。 此為大陸高等教育擴招政策的確定,也奠定大陸高等教育快速發展的大眾化目標。高等教育追求擴張的趨勢已經成為中國大陸人力隊伍優化、人力素質提升的一項重要指標,更為整個高等教育提供了新一輪的發展契機和挑戰,也對原來的高等教育制度產生影響與變革,其中值得注意的是獨立學院在此波高等教育擴張的過程中迅速興起,更被視為高等教育擴張的主要管道之一,其前景與未來成為各界關注的焦點。本論文主要的研究目的在於深入分析獨立學院在大陸高等教育擴張過程中所扮演的角色,由之瞭解大陸高等教育於擴張過程中所遭遇的困境與挑戰,以及評估中國大陸高等教育大眾化發展的前景。
3

越南高等教育改革邁向大眾化、市場化及國際化之研究 / A study on the approach to massification, marketization and internationalization of higher education in Vietnam

胡士雄, Ho, Sy Hung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的目的在於了解當前高等教育的改革趨勢,進而探討與分析越南高等教育對當前高教改革趨勢的相關改革及其所衍生的問題,並提出一些建議,作為越南教育主管當局的參考。 基於高等教育大眾化、市場化及國際化的理論基礎,本研究採用文件分析與訪談法進行研究,探討與分析越南高等教育對當前高等教育改革趨勢的相關改革及其所衍生的問題。經過研究後,本研究得到以下的結論: 一、大眾化、市場化及國際化是當前高等教育改革趨勢 二、越南高等教育發展的各個時期經過許多變遷和不斷地改革 三、教育品質低落是當前越南高等教育的最大問題 四、為滿足國家發展的人力資源需要及人民學習的需求,越南高等教育加速大眾化 五、在高等教育市場化的趨勢下,越南高等教育以革新教育管理制度、推動社會化教育政策及結合產學合作方式等改革來因應。 六、為提高國內高等教育品質及與國際接軌,越南政府以留學生政策、學術交流合作及結合國內外合辦高等教育政策,來推動越南高等教育國際化。 七、越南高等教育大眾化導致量與質不均衡、整併及增設高校問題及非公立高等教育機構的問題 八、越南高等教育市場化所衍生的問題包括教育市場尚未完全形成、管理制度的問題、社會化教育政策的問題。 九、人才流失、國內高等教育市場面臨國際競爭壓力及經費不足導致國際交流合作困難是越南高等教育國際化的主要問題。 / The purposes of this study is to explore the reform trends of higher education; to analyze the reforms of higher education in Vietnam and its problems and then to offer some suggestions to the Vietnamese educational administration as a reference. Based on the basic theory of massification, marketization and internationalization of higher education, analyze the reforms of Vietnamese higher education and its problems through the document analysis and interview methods. The study has following findings: 1.Massification, marketization and internationalization are the trends of higher education reform in the world. 2.Vietnamese higher education system has undergone several periods of reform and every period has its features. 3.Low quality is the most serious problem of Vietnamese higher education. 4.The needs of manpower for national development and the learning need of society have resulted in accelerating the massification of higher education in Vietnam. 5.Innovation of the management system, promotion of the educational socialization and industry-academy cooperation are the resolutions to face with the marketization of higher education in Vietnam. 6.In order to improve the quality of higher education and to integrate into the world’s level, Vietnamese government has promoted the internationalization of higher education by the policies of teachers and student mobility, academy exchange and inter-cooperation. 7.The massification of higher education in Vietnam has resulted in the imbalance between quality and quantity and many problems from the amalgamation and the non-public higher education institutions system. 8.Education market has not completely shaped, the problems of management system and educational socialization policy are resulted from the marketization of higher education in Vietnam. 9.Brain drain, pressure from the directly competitiveness with foreign universities and lack of finance are the problems of Vietnamese higher education system in internationalization process.
4

大學入學考試制度之研究:以台灣與法國為例 / A Study of College Admission: The Case of Taiwan and France

白美恩, Marion Baudry Unknown Date (has links)
隨著高等教育的大眾化發展,臺灣與法國的大學招生制度經過幾次變革,以期滿足招生需求。大學學位不僅是學歷的一紙證明,更是臺灣與法國高等教育標準化歷程的體現。從高中過渡到大學,是每個學生學術生涯中關鍵且費神的階段,並與未來的成功息息相關。因此,無論在臺灣或法國,學生高中階段的學術能力測驗至關重要,可謂從青春期過渡到成年期的重要指標。學術能力測驗成績影響著絕大多數畢業生的大學申請和錄取機會。雖然臺灣和法國有不少關於兩國大學教育的研究,但對於高中學生進入大學前的學術能力測驗甚少探討。本研究旨在探討臺、法國大學申請的入學先決條件和要求,以期進一步瞭解大學入學機制。本研究透過對臺灣和法國大學系統中錄取要求,如臺灣的先修課程測驗和法國的一般入學要求等規定進行對比分析,找出各自的優缺點。研究方法包括文獻綜述,以及對兩國高中生進行問卷調查和深度訪談。研究發現,目前兩國的大學入學系統的主要難題之一是缺乏相應的學術指導機制。臺灣方面在於過分強調大學入學考試測驗,法國則與之相反,學生因為過高的升學率而缺乏學習動機。本研究建議,今後臺法兩國如何面對高教入學機會中重新出現的不公與文憑貶值等新挑戰,是雙方大學入學體系需要解決的共同問題。 / With the massification of their higher education systems, Taiwan and France have experienced several changes in their college admission processes in order to meet the increasing demand of enrollment into higher education. A university degree has become more than just a certificate of academic achievement but a normalized process in Taiwan and France. The transition from high school to university has become a pivotal yet nerve-racking period in a student’s academic career and is considered as one of the most crucial factor of the student’s future success. In Taiwan and France, the academic abilities of students tested during the senior high school are the most important and significant indicators of students’ transition from adolescence to adulthood. It leads a vast majority of graduates to apply to university and to undertake college admission process. Although several studies have been done in Taiwan and France, only few have previously analyzed a student’s journey through the college admission process in the two countries. The current study intends to investigate the prerequisites and requirements that college applicants in Taiwan and France are required to meet in order to access the college and university systems. By comparing and analyzing the massification of the two systems, as well as Taiwan and France college admission’s requirements such as the Scholastic Ability Test and the Advanced Subjects Test in Taiwan, and the French General Baccalaureate; the study seeks to identify the crucial pro and cons that arise in each system in order to give recommendations on improvements that can be made. Data has been collected through literature reviews, in-depth interviews as well as surveys among former senior high school students in both countries. The results of the present study show that one of the main dilemmas of today’s education systems is the lack of academic guidance. While one of the main problems of Taiwanese education is its emphasis on testing, France education, on the contrary, is facing issues due to its excessive accessibility of universities which leads students to enroll in degrees without real motivations behind their choice. The shift of inequalities in educational opportunities is also one of the new concerns that Taiwanese and French education systems are facing as well as the depreciation of diplomas.

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