自來水與電力、電信、瓦斯及下水道是都市維生系統之一，是都市居民賴以維生的基礎公共設施，一旦天然災害發生對自來水事業產生的災害將視災害的規模及危機管理的機制，本文嘗試以危機管理理論探討台北自來水事業處在天然災害危機管理之機制，分為制度面、技術面及決策面三個面向探討，危機三階段中自來水事業應注意之事項，以期透過妥善的預防及有效的緊急應變，降低事業可能的損害，並儘速恢復供水。 / Lifeline system is basic public utilities for people's life, which includes water supply, gas, sewage system, electricity and telecommunication. For water utilities, the damage will depend on magnitude of disaster and water utilities crisis management mechanism. This research will study on natural disaster of Taipei Water Department crisis management. Divide into three dimensions, which are technique, procedure and decision making. Hope the water utilities can use crisis management mechanism, prevent and response disaster. Also the water utilities will low down its damage and recovery water supply as soon as possible.

台灣養殖漁業於一九六○年代即以優良的人工繁殖技術獨步全球。一九八○年代進入全盛時期，並以草蝦養殖王國享譽國際。近年來更朝向科技化，自動化室內超高密度循環水養殖與外海箱網養殖發展。在二十一世紀全球人類動物性蛋白質需求高度仰賴養殖漁業之趨勢下，台灣養殖漁業將繼續扮演重要角色。 ……。 本文即根據所蒐集相關文獻及統計資料來探討養殖漁業之重要性、現況、台灣實施養殖漁業保險所面臨之問題及多國經營相關保險之狀況，以供台灣未來實施後保險之參考，並提昇適合我國國情的養殖漁業保險制度與實施步驟，並建議嘗試擇定具規範之箱網養殖漁業保險試辦，依成效、體驗再逐步推廣至其他養殖漁業。 / Fish is an important source of food protein. Aquaculture is playing a critical part in food security in 21st century as capture fisheries have been restrained by our consciousness of environment protection. In the early 1960's, Taiwan developed its excellent skills in aquaculture and even won the title of aquaculture kingdom of prawn in 1980's. With its long history in the industry and new technology advantages in both hi-density indoor and off-shore cage aquaculture, Taiwan will keep playing a key role in the global aquaculture industry in the century. ....... This article tries to build up a framework for the Taiwan aquaculture insurance based on my study of all the related documents, regulations, laws, statistics and international aquaculture insurance practices. In order to be more practical, I select off-shore cage fishfarm as the first trial for the promotion of aquaculture insurance. In the second stage we can transfer the experience to all kinds of fishfarms step by step.

公共工程是國家重要施政項目之ㄧ，所提供的服務品質關係著國家經濟發展甚鉅。台灣地處亞熱帶及環太平洋地震帶，颱風、洪水、地震發生頻繁，公共工程的服務品質受天然災害的威脅甚大。近年來天災頻仍，面對天然災害所帶來的經濟損失，有許多國家已經開始透過保險方式，處理已完工公共工程遭受天然災害威脅時的財務風險，以減輕國家財政負擔，進而更合理的分配國家資源。 本研究將透過台灣地區天然災害發生的情形及我國目前在公共工程遭遇天然災害而毀損時的因應方式探討天然災害損失對我國財政的負擔；並介紹國際上主要再保險公司：瑞士再保險公司、慕尼黑再保險公司有關完工土木工程保險的承保範圍、核保方式，與東亞日本、南亞印度兩個國家經營完工土木工程保險的現況。 本研究並整理歸納透過商業保險來進行已完工公共工程的天災風險規劃雖較現行單以國庫承擔損失方式經濟，但可能面臨政府機關態度消極及產險業者承保能量不足兩個關鍵議題。惟以澳洲昆士蘭水患為例，慮及不可知的天災風險，仍建議政府機關能率同商業保險業者共同建立完整的已完工公共工程風險管理機制，攜手降低天災風險發生時可能帶來的傷害。 關鍵字：公共工程、天然災害、完工土木工程保險。 / Public Construction Works are always considered as one of the important national economic developing strategy. In view of Taiwan is located in the region which is highly exposed to natural disasters such as typhoon, flood and earthquake, the quality of the after service related to the Civil Engineering Completed Works is greatly threatened by the natural disasters. In recent years, there were many natural disasters occurred, in order to minimize the economic loss brought by such disasters, many countries have begun to arrange insurance placement for the Civil Engineering Completed Works to share the financial risks. This study introduces the loss circumstances of the public engineering works brought by the natural disaster and the impact of the economic growth in Taiwan. The major international re-insurers: Swiss Re and Munich Re both provide the Civil Engineering Completed Risks (CECR) Insurance to against the loss or damage after the construction work has been completed. This study introduces the difference coverage and underwriting as compared in between Swiss Re Form and Munich Re Form. This study also illustrates the current status in respect of CECR in Japan and India markets. This research induces a more economic method by arranging the Catastrophe Risks Plan through the placement by commercial insurance for the Civil Engineering Completed Works rather than the existing regulations that all these disasters bond by the government. Moreover, it also facing two problems are that the government is too conservative and the negative attitude as well as the in-sufficient capacity of the local insurance industry. For example, the serious flooding occurred in Queensland- Australia, the government should take into consideration how to prevent from the incredible natural disaster risks. We do suggest the government should corporate with local insurance industry to establish an completed risks management for Civil Engineering Completed Works to minimize the loss that brought by the natural disasters which may occur. Key Words: Public Construction Works, Natural Disaster, Civil Engineering Completed Risks Insurance (CECR)

大型天然災害會癱瘓通訊系統，嚴重影響到救災效率，本論文旨在快速進行可用連外頻寬分配，供應急通訊系統使用。無線通訊技術的成熟，為使用者帶來極大的便利性，但當發生大規模的地震或強烈颱風等重大天然災害時，通訊系統卻常常因架構等因素，隨著電力與交通系統的損毀而癱瘓。由歷年大型災變中多數災區內之行動通訊系統全面中斷即可印證行動通訊系統其實是極為脆弱，而有效運作的通訊系統卻是災情傳遞、資源調度以及互助協調是否順利的關鍵因素。 本篇論文所探討的應急通訊系統是利用倖存的連通基地台和斷訊卻沒有損毀的基地台，以無線電連接起來建構一個臨時性的通訊系統，稱為應急蜂巢式行動通訊網路(Contingency Cellular Network，CCN)。由於CCN的連外頻寬有限，大量話務將造成通訊系統壅塞，影響重要訊息傳遞，且災區各個地方受災情況不盡相同，使得 CCN 的頻寬資源需視各地災情緊急程度與需求進行規劃配置，以充分發揮頻寬效益傳遞重要資訊。本論文主要在探討如何在CCN網路拓樸已決定的情況下進行頻寬分配，以達到最大的救災效益。因此我們提出一適合 CCN 樹狀結構的頻寬分配優化模型，以追求救災效益的最大化，這個模型可供使用者(救災指揮單位)系統化的解決 CCN 頻寬分配問題。 本論文所提出的頻寬分配模型包含 CCN 樹狀拓樸、基地台數目、可用之連外頻寬資源限制、各基地台Backhaul頻寬限制、基本頻寬需求限制、差異化之通訊品質通道和效益遞減函數。我們證明此模型是NP-Hard問題，並提出一個考慮各基地台的災情緊急程度以及通訊品質需求差異而進行快速頻寬分配的演算法，此演算法透過計算頻寬分配總救災效益決定優劣。經實驗，可快速得出接近最佳解的頻寬分配結果。 / When stricken by a large-scale disaster, the efficiency of disaster response operation is very critical to life saving. We propose to build a contingency cellular network to support emergency communication in large scale natural disasters by connecting disconnected base stations. This thesis addresses the bandwidth allocation problem. The advance of mobile communication technologies has brought great convenience to users. Cellular phone becomes the first communication tool most people would use in emergency. However, cellular networks were usually crashed in earthquake, typhoons or other natural disasters due to power outage or backhaul breakage. Unfortunately, the efficiency of communication system is a critical factor to the success of disaster response operation such as resource allocation as well as coordination of rescue and relief operations. We designed a contingency cellular network (CCN) by connecting physically intact but service-disrupted base stations together with wireless links. As the bandwidth resource in CCN is limited, a smart bandwidth allocation to facilitate prioritized bandwidth sharing will maximize the contribution of CCN to the disaster response operation. We model the CCN Bandwidth Allocation Problem into a Nested 0-1 Knapsack Problem aiming to maximize disaster operation efficiency. The problem is proven to be NP Hard. We also design an efficient heuristic algorithm to solve the problem when it is needed in urgent.