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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

女性菁英政治參與之分析—以第五屆女性立委為例

王名騄 Unknown Date (has links)
女性菁英政治參與之分析—以第五屆女性立委為例 摘 要 在歷史的洪流中,女性長久在政治場域缺席,進入二十世紀之後,女權才逐漸受到重視。當今世界各國,除了北歐五國以及其他少數歐美國家之外,台灣女性參政表現相當的亮眼。在中央級民意代表選舉上,2001年第五屆女性立委選舉,首次達到五十位女性進入國會殿堂。愈來愈多的優秀女性投入政治領域,也代表著今後權力的分享與資源的分配,必定要顧及性別的均衡。 本研究旨在結合菁英理論、民主多元理論與女性主義的視角,來探究台灣女性菁英在當前政治環境的從政優勢為何,及獲得政治權力之女性是否仍會受到性別歧視。 研究採用深度訪談法以及文獻分析法同時進行,透過文獻分析可以初步建構女性菁英的社會背景及參政行為模式,而深度訪談法,直接與女性政治菁英面對面訪談,一方面補書面資料之缺漏,一方面可瞭解女性從政者更為細膩之心境轉折。訪談對象為第五屆女性立委,受訪者共計17人。 根據文獻探討以及深度訪談的結果分析,本文提出以下幾點看法: 一、本文從女性政治菁英的教育程度、家族、婚姻關係、政黨以及派系五個面向切入,發現教育程度對於從政女性是明顯加分因素;家族與婚姻對於從政女性來講,有時是參政的阻礙,但家人若擁有相當的政治資源,女性當選的機率便大大提升;政黨相互競爭,可增加女性選民的發聲能量,對提升女性地位有正向影響,但隨著選舉制度的改變,政黨在選戰的重要性大增,政黨是否能夠真正落實婦女相關政策,將有待觀察;以往,女性從政者多是在執政黨與地方派系協調下進入政治領域,較無個人意志,但研究發現女性政治菁英不僅能善加利用當地勢力增加自己勝選機會,甚至成為地方派系的領袖。總之,女性如欲踏入政治領域,依附男性價值的情形已大為減少,且多已具備相當的性別意識。 二、社會對女性的刻版印象,相當程度仍影響女性的從政意願。首先是家務的勞動,讓許多女性從政者深感疲憊;婦女組織在每一次選戰中的動員力量愈來愈受矚目,但現階段仍不足以支持一位立委進入國會殿堂;隨著SNTV制度的改變,女性如欲投入政治,將更依賴政黨的提名,但筆者檢視各政黨第六屆不分區提名名單,各政黨仍有待改進。 總而言之,與以往相比,女性紛紛在政治領域上展露頭角,從政模式也與以前大不相同。以台灣政治生態的演變來看,女性政治菁英與政黨的關係將愈加密切。
2

臺灣女性菁英的政治參與-以蔡英文為例 / A Study on the Political Participation of Female Elites in Taiwan: the case of Tsai Ing-wen

陳貴琳, Chen, Kuei Lin Unknown Date (has links)
民主成為一股全球性的潮流,帶動女性在缺席以久的政治場域上的出現和積極參與。從1960年斯里蘭卡誕生第一位民選女性總理開始,近半個世紀以來世界各國紛紛出現女性領導人。台灣於1996年首度舉行總統直選,2016年選出首位女性總統蔡英文,這樣的發展對台灣的性別平權有重大意義。本研究旨在透過文獻分析與深度訪談來分析,蔡英文身為一位女性在台灣的脈絡下成為首位女性國家領導人的條件;研究結果發現,政治機會、社會文化與個人資本是女性從政的重要條件。豐沛的個人資本奠定蔡英文政治參與的基礎,也是她進入合格人才庫及參選人才庫的要件;其次,即使具有高教育程度與專業經歷等條件,蔡英文的出場一開始仍然受到「男性不在場」的性別框架限制,但政治機會的出現與把握是她能夠突破參選人才庫的天花板成為民進黨內最高權力者的主因;最後,台灣社會性別文化由排斥女性參政逐漸轉變為鼓勵女性參政甚至欣賞女性政治菁英特質,也成為蔡英文當選總統的重要脈絡條件。本研究最後認為,以蔡英文為個案來探討台灣女性菁英的政治參與的重要意義在於進一步觀察,蔡英文成為首位女性國家領導人是否有助於提升台灣社會整體性別意識、改變父權的社會結構與文化,最終達成多數甚至全體台灣女性的解放。 / Against the background of global trend of democracy, women appear to be more active in the field of politics and public sphere where they have been absent for a long time. Since the election of the first ever female national leader in Sri Lanka in 1960, we have seen more democratically-elected female leaders around the world. Taiwan held its first direct presidential election in 1996, and elected its first female president Tsai Ing-wen in 2016. This is certainly a notable achievement as far as the pursuit of gender equality in Taiwan is concerned. Through literature analysis and in-depth interview and using Tsai Ing-wen as its case, this study seeks to explore the conditions, institutional as well as cultural, conducive to political empowerment and participation of female elites in the context of Taiwan. It is found that political opportunity, women-friendly culture, and personal capital are important for understanding the success of women in politics. In the case of Tsai, abundant personal capital lays the foundation for her participation in the government and in party politics. Which helps her enter ‘the pools of eligibles and of candidates.’ Despite the various forms of capital Tsai has enjoyed, political opportunities were only available for Tsai when “male are absent” specifically within her party, the Democratic Progressive Party. Last but not the least, an emerging more women-friendly culture among the society in Taiwan also contributes to Tsai’s success in politics. This study concludes that the contribution and value of studying the case of Tsai to discuss the elite women 's political participation in Taiwan lie in first, exploring the conditions that help female elites break the glass ceiling in traditionally male-dominate field of politics; and secondly, emphasizing that the election of Tsai as Taiwan’s first ever female president will only be truly meaningful for the pursuit of gender equality when the society’s gender consciousness is enhanced, patriarchal structure and culture changed, and most if not all women liberated.

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